Unraveling historical genetic divergence and gene flow patterns between island (Taiwan) and mainland (China) of Fagus hayatae by Rizal M. Suhardi, Li-Ping Ju, Tsai-Wen Hsu, Tze-Ying Chen, Huei-Chuan Shih, Zhi-Yong Zhang, Zhi-Yong Zhang, Ya-Zhu Ko, Meng-Shin Shiao, Yu-Chung Chiang, Yu-Chung Chiang

“…AMOVA confirmed significant genetic differentiation between the two regions, revealing four distinct clustering patterns and three clear phylogenetic clades, including an early-diverging Taiwanese TS population. …”
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Phylogenomic Analyses of the Hemagglutinin-Neuraminidase (<i>HN</i>) Gene in Human Parainfluenza Virus Type 4 Isolates in Japan by Kanako Otani, Ryusuke Kimura, Norika Nagasawa, Yuriko Hayashi, Suguru Ohmiya, Oshi Watanabe, Irona Khandaker, Hirokazu Kimura, Hidekazu Nishimura

“…The main bioinformatics analyses included a time-scaled phylogeny, genetic distance assessments, and three-dimensional (3D) structure mapping of the HN protein with conformational epitope and selective pressure analyses. …”
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Genome-Wide Analysis of C2H2 Zinc Finger Gene Family and Exploration of Genes Related to Prickle Development in <i>Zanthoxylum armatum</i> by Nuo Wang, Renhua Huang, Hualin Zou, Yuwei Yi, Jiabao Ye, Weiwei Zhang, Feng Xu, Yongling Liao

“…The evolutionary analysis indicates that the amplification of <i>ZaC2H2</i> genes primarily results from whole-genome duplication or segmental duplication, and these genes have undergone strong purifying selection pressure throughout their evolutionary history. …”
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Bayesian inference towards the resolution of molecular evolution: application to the “Trichoderma harzianum sensu lato” clade by Druzhinina I S, Kubicek C P

“…We characterized the evolutionary properties of three genomic regions in Hypocrea/Trichoderma: the internal transcribed spacer regions ITS1 and 2 of rDNA, the large intron of translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tefla), and a portion of the large exon of the endochitinase 42 gene (ech42), selected the best model which describes the evolution of every fragment, tested the molecular clock hypothesis and made an estimation of the usability of the combined three fragments data matrix for the phylogenetic analysis of the genus as a whole as well as on the level of the holomorphic H. lixii/T. harzianum species clade and separate clonal lineages. …”
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Major histocompatibility complex: history of discovery, evolution, structure, significance in transplantation of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cells by F. A. Omarova, M. Yu. Drokov, E. G. Khamaganova

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HyperCell: A Bio-inspired Design Framework for Real-time Interactive Architectures by Jia-Rey Chang

“…These three major topics will be introduced in this Summary.   …”
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Foraging strategy and tree structure as drivers of arboreality and suspensory behaviour in savannah-dwelling chimpanzees by Rhianna C. Drummond-Clarke, Susan Chege Reuben, Fiona A. Stewart, Fiona A. Stewart, Fiona A. Stewart, Alex K. Piel, Alex K. Piel, Alex K. Piel, Tracy L. Kivell

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Large diversity in the O-chain biosynthetic cluster within populations of Pelagibacterales by Jose M. Haro-Moreno, Mario López-Pérez, Carmen Molina-Pardines, Francisco Rodriguez-Valera

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Public Theology as Practicing Theology from Below: Looking for the Right Sense of the ‘Human’ in Human Rights by Lluis Oviedo

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Simulated evolution in a linguistic model by Carsten Knudsen, Lynne Cameron

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Genotype Distribution and Migration Patterns of Hepatitis C Virus in Shandong Province, China: Molecular Epidemiology and Phylogenetic Study by Lin Lin, Guoyong Wang, Lianzheng Hao, Tingbin Yan

“…Phylogenetic analysis revealed distinct evolutionary clustering of 1b and 2a strains, suggesting multiple diffusion events within the province. …”
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Why the Long “Horns”? Fine‐Scale Morphology Suggests Tactile Demands Contributed to the Exaggeration of Male Longhorned Beetle Antennae (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) by Rowan L. K. French, Magdalena Kowalewska Groszkowska, Locke Rowe, D. Luke Mahler, Lech Karpiński

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Generative design optimization of tree distribution for enhanced thermal comfort in communal spaces with special reference to hot arid climates by Ahmed Maged, Aly Abdelalim, Abdelaziz Farouk A. Mohamed

“…Secondly, a generative design tool with a Dynamo evolutionary algorithm is utilized to optimize the tree distribution across the communal areas of these three spaces considering the current built environment. …”
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Plant AT-rich protein and zinc-binding protein (PLATZ) family in Dendrobium huoshanense: identification, evolution and expression analysis by Fangli Gu, Yanshuang Ren, Muhammad Aamir Manzoor, Tingting Wang, Renshu Huang, Naifu Chen, Cheng Song, Yingyu Zhang

“…Eleven DhPLATZs were classified into three clades (I, II, and III) according to their evolutionary homology. …”
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Mutational landscape of the surface antigen of hepatitis B virus in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma by Arwa Bagasi, Fatimah Alghnnam, Marie Bohol, Fatimah Alhamlan, Arwa Al-Qahtani, Hani Alothaid, Ayman Abdo, Faisal Sanai, Ahmad Al-Qahtani

“…Additionally, the presence of the three mutations combined was significantly associated with HCC in a multivariate analysis. …”
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Genomic signatures of habitat isolation and paleo-climate unveil the “island-like” pattern in the glasshouse plant Rheum nobile by Hum Kala Rana, Santosh Kumar Rana, Hang Sun, Dong Luo

“…The three main lineages diverged allopatrically around 7.38–4.19 million years ago (Mya). …”
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Discovery of a New Starship Transposon Driving the Horizontal Transfer of the <i>ToxA</i> Virulence Gene in <i>Alternaria ventricosa</i> by Fei Liu, Ratchadawan Cheewangkoon, Rui-Lin Zhao

“…Moreover, we identified three distinct HGT events involving <i>ToxA</i> across these four fungal species, reinforcing the hypothesis of a single evolutionary origin for the <i>ToxhAT</i> transposon. …”
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<i>Leontodon albanicus</i> subsp. <i>acroceraunicus</i> (Asteraceae, Cichorieae): A New Subspecies from Southern Albania by Fabio Conti, Luca Bracchetti, Marco Dorfner, Nadine Benda, Christoph Oberprieler

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Contrasting Habitat Use at the Range Edge of an Endangered Grassland Specialist: Insights Into Plains‐Wanderer (Pedionomus torquatus) Habitat Use in a Periphery Population by Saskia P. Gerhardy, Steven Delean, Liberty G. M. Olds, Graeme Finlayson

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Dynamic Evolution and Chaos Management in the Integration of Informatization and Industrialization by Jianhua Zhu, Bo Sun, Fang Zhang

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