A wide extent of inter-strain diversity in virulent and vaccine strains of alphaherpesviruses. by Moriah L Szpara, Yolanda R Tafuri, Lance Parsons, S Rafi Shamim, Kevin J Verstrepen, Matthieu Legendre, L W Enquist

“…We find SSR length variation between different isolates of PRV and HSV-1, which may provide a new mechanism for phenotypic variation between strains. Finally, we detected a small number of polymorphic bases within each plaque-purified PRV strain, and we characterize the effect of passage and plaque-purification on these polymorphisms. …”
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miR-590-3p and Its Downstream Target Genes in HCC Cell Lines by Mennatallah Elfar, Asma Amleh

“…miRNAs are small non-coding RNA sequences of 18-25 nucleotides. …”
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Chloroplast genome features of Moricandia arvensis (Brassicaceae), a C3-C4 intermediate photosynthetic species. by Bin Zhu, Lijuan Hu, Fang Qian, Zuomin Gao, Chenchen Gan, Zhaochao Liu, Xuye Du, Hongcheng Wang

“…We detected 112 unigenes in this genome, comprising 79 protein-coding genes, 29 tRNAs, and four rRNAs. …”
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Molecular signature of selective microRNAs in Cyprinus carpio (Linnaeus 1758):a computational approach by Soumendu Ghosh, Manojit Bhattacharya, Avijit Kar, Basanta Kumar Das, Bidhan Chandra Patra

“…Abstract MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small single stranded non-coding RNAs that performed significant role in post-transcriptional regulation of target gene product. …”
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Parasite-derived microRNAs in host serum as novel biomarkers of helminth infection. by Anna M Hoy, Rachel J Lundie, Alasdair Ivens, Juan F Quintana, Norman Nausch, Thorsten Forster, Frances Jones, Narcis B Kabatereine, David W Dunne, Francisca Mutapi, Andrew S Macdonald, Amy H Buck

“…Five of the mouse miRNAs were also significantly elevated in serum by twelve weeks post-infection. Sequencing of small RNAs from serum confirmed the presence of these miRNAs and further revealed eleven parasite-derived miRNAs that were detectable by eight weeks post infection. …”
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Plastome and transcriptome analysis reveals a degenerated photosynthesis-related pathway in the mycoheterotrophic vanilloid orchid Cyrtosia lindleyana by Shiou Yih Lee, Peishan Zou, Zhihui Chen, Kenji Suetsugu, Wenbo Liao

“…Relative to Vanilla pompona, three genes, rpl23, rps14, and rps19, had undergone positive selection (Ka/Ks > 1), and gene-block inversions were detected in both the large and small single-copy regions. …”
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Mutations in MC1R Gene Determine Black Coat Color Phenotype in Chinese Sheep by Guang-Li Yang, Dong-Li Fu, Xia Lang, Yu-Tao Wang, Shu-Ru Cheng, Su-Li Fang, Yu-Zhu Luo

“…Meanwhile, all mutations were detected in Minxian Black-fur sheep. However, the two nonsynonymous mutation sites were not in all studied breeds (Large-tailed Han, Small-tailed Han, Gansu Alpine Merino, and China Merino breeds), all of which are in white coat. …”
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Genetic evaluation of five patients with ROHHAD-NET using whole genome sequencing and optical genome mapping by N. van Engelen, H. M. van Santen, F. van Dijk, M. M. Kleisman, J. H.M. Merks, A. Y.N. Schouten-van Meeteren, E. J. Kamping, K. Neveling, A. Hoischen, M. C.J. Jongmans, R. P. Kuiper

“…Furthermore, optical genome mapping (OGM) was performed for two patients to detect germline structural variants (SVs). Rare single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and small insertions/deletions (InDels) were identified through WGS and rare SVs affecting (non)-coding or regulatory regions were analyzed using both WGS and OGM. …”
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Complexity of immunobiology of tumor necrosis factor and novel anti-TNF therapy by S. А. Nedospasov

“…Molecular cloning showed that this activity is mediated by a small protein (17 kDa), which belongs to a wide plethora of cytokines. …”
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High Throughput qPCR Expression Profiling of Circulating MicroRNAs Reveals Minimal Sex- and Sample Timing-Related Variation in Plasma of Healthy Volunteers. by Catherine Mooney, Rana Raoof, Hany El-Naggar, Amaya Sanz-Rodriguez, Eva M Jimenez-Mateos, David C Henshall

“…MicroRNAs are a class of small non-coding RNA that regulate gene expression at a post-transcriptional level. …”
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Innovative construction of the first reliable catalogue of bovine circular RNAs by Annie Robic, Frieder Hadlich, Gabriel Costa Monteiro Moreira, Emily Louise Clark, Graham Plastow, Carole Charlier, Christa Kühn

“…By considering 117 tissue samples, we characterized 23,926 exonic circRNAs, 337 circRNAs from 273 introns (191 ciRNAs, 146 intron circles), 108 circRNAs from small non-coding genes and nearly 36.6K circRNAs classified as other_circRNAs. …”
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Genome-wide identification and characterization of BASIC PENTACYSTEINE transcription factors and their binding motifs in coconut palm by Zifen Lao, Jiali Mao, Runan Chen, Ran Xu, Zhuang Yang, Ying Wang, Junjie Zhou, Zhihua Mu, Hang Xu, Fengmei Li, Dongyi Huang, Yong Xiao, Jie Luo, Wei Xia

“…IntroductionBASIC PENTACYSTEINE (BPC) is a small transcription factor family known for its role in various developmental processes in plants, particularly in binding GA motifs and regulating flower and seed development. …”
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Comparative Genomics and Phylogenetic Analyses of Aquarius macrophyllus and Related Genera in Alismataceae Based on Plastome Data by Jie Li, Shengnan Wei, Jianan Ying, Qixiang Lu

“…The assembled plastome was 180,860 bp in size, with 133 genes annotated, including 88 protein‐coding genes, 8 rRNA, and 37 tRNA. Comparative analyses showed that the genome lengths of the nine plastomes ranged from 159,063 to 180,860 bp, including a large single copy (LSC, 89,203–99,125 bp), a small single copy (SSC, 10,131–19,753 bp), and a pair of inverted repeat sequences (IR, 25,124–39,664 bp). …”
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Hsa-miR-21-5p is induced by interleukin-6 and affects multiple pathogenic factors associated with fibroblast-like synoviocytes in rheumatoid arthritis by Kei Araki, Sho Mokuda, Hiroki Kohno, Naoya Oka, Hirofumi Watanabe, Michinori Ishitoku, Tomohiro Sugimoto, Yusuke Yoshida, Junya Masumoto, Shintaro Hirata

“…The microRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNA that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally. …”
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Comparative analysis of chloroplast genomes and phylogenetic analysis of Vitex by XIU Zhiying1, ZHAO Yanling1, CHENG Yongqin2, JIA Yun3, YANG Yanci1*

“…The chloroplast genome encoded 132 genes, including 87 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes and 8 rRNA genes.(2)The 12 chloroplast genomes of Vitex were highly conserved in terms of genome length, boundary position of IR region, number of encoded genes and GC content.(3)A total of 31 high frequency codons and six common optimal codons were detected in 12 chloroplast genomes of Vitex. …”
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Roles of circRNAs in viral pathogenesis by Jiayin Liu, Jiayin Liu, Yiming Wang, Yiming Wang, Meichun Zheng, Meichun Zheng, Jiayuan Du, Jiayuan Du, Mohamed Maarouf, Mohamed Maarouf, Ji-Long Chen, Ji-Long Chen

“…Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs with a covalently closed circular structure, lacking 5’-caps or 3’-poly(A) tails. …”
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Parent-of-Origin Effects of the APOB Gene on Adiposity in Young Adults. by Hagit Hochner, Catherine Allard, Einat Granot-Hershkovitz, Jinbo Chen, Colleen M Sitlani, Sandra Sazdovska, Thomas Lumley, Barbara McKnight, Kenneth Rice, Daniel A Enquobahrie, James B Meigs, Pui Kwok, Marie-France Hivert, Ingrid B Borecki, Felicia Gomez, Ting Wang, Cornelia van Duijn, Najaf Amin, Jerome I Rotter, John Stamatoyannopoulos, Vardiella Meiner, Orly Manor, Josée Dupuis, Yechiel Friedlander, David S Siscovick

“…Loci identified in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of cardio-metabolic traits account for a small proportion of the traits' heritability. To date, most association studies have not considered parent-of-origin effects (POEs). …”
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Pramipexole in addition to mood stabilisers for treatment-resistant bipolar depression: the PAX-BD randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial by Hamish McAllister-Williams, Nicola Goudie, Lumbini Azim, Victoria Bartle, Michael Berger, Chrissie Butcher, Thomas Chadwick, Emily Clare, Paul Courtney, Lyndsey Dixon, Nichola Duffelen, Tony Fouweather, William Gann, John Geddes, Sumeet Gupta, Beth Hall, Timea Helter, Paul Hindmarch, Eva-Maria Holstein, Ward Lawrence, Phil Mawson, Iain McKinnon, Adam Milne, Aisling Molloy, Abigail Moore, Richard Morriss, Anisha Nakulan, Judit Simon, Daniel Smith, Bryony Stokes-Crossley, Paul Stokes, Andrew Swain, Zoë Walmsley, Christopher Weetman, Allan H Young, Stuart Watson

“…Lamotrigine has a relatively small effect size and requires slow dose titration. …”
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Structural alterations of the EGFR gene in glioblastoma samples as a prognostic factor and molecular target for therapy by V. O.  Varachev, O. Yu. Susova, A. A. Mitrofanov, G. S. Krasnov, D. R. Naskhletashvili, Yu. I.  Ammour, S. D. Bezhanova, N. V. Sevyan, E. V. Prozorenko, A. Kh. Bekyashev, T. V. Nasedkina

“…Quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to confirm the EGFR gene amplification in tumor samples, and reverse transcription-PCR was used to detect EGFRvIII variant.Results. The NGS method revealed 11/70 (16 %) mutations in coding regions of EGFR gene in glioblastoma samples, the EGFR gene amplification was detected in 26/70 (37 %) cases; no structural changes of the EGFR gene were detected in 5 glioma samples (astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma). …”
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Cloning, expression, and polymorphism of the ECI1 gene in various pig breeds by Yun-feng LU, Ji-bao CHEN, Bo ZHANG, Qing-gang LI, Zhi-xiu WANG, Hao ZHANG, Ke-liang WU

“…We obtained an ECI1 gene length of 1 401 bp from the cDNA that contained a full coding region of 909 bp. Three novel SNPs (g.42425337G>A; g.42424666A>G; and g.42422755A>G) were detected, and only g.42424666A>G exhibited three genotypes among the three breeds. …”
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