Hepatitis B virus infections in pregnant women and children in the era of HBV elimination by Malgorzata Pawlowska

“…Attention was paid to the incidence of latent HBV infections among children and adolescents and the role of the vaccine dose and additional hepatitis B booster vaccination in the prevention of HBV, especially in highly endemic areas and risk groups. …”
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Autoimmune Hepatitis in Brazilian Children: IgE and Genetic Polymorphisms in Associated Genes by Léa Campos de Oliveira, Anna Carla Goldberg, Maria Lucia Carnevale Marin, Karina Rosa Schneidwind, Amanda Farage Frade, Jorge Kalil, Irene Kasue Miura, Renata Pereira Sustovich Pugliese, Vera Lucia Baggio Danesi, Gilda Porta

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Nutritional Status of Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Pilot Study by Joy Y. Kiddie, Margaret D. Weiss, David D. Kitts, Ryna Levy-Milne, Michael B. Wasdell

“…Nutritional assessment of 43 children aged 6–12 with ADHD was performed using a 3-day food record, 24-hour recall, and serum assessors. …”
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New-Onset Diabetes in Children during COVID-19: Clinical Case Report by M. Aabdi, A. Aarab, O. Es-Saad, K. Malki, H. Bkiyar, B. Housni

“…Data of COVID-19 in newborns and children are limited, and clinical manifestations are nonspecific and might delay the diagnosis, which might lead to severe complications. …”
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The value of common blood parameters for the differential diagnosis of respiratory tract infections in children by Jun’e Ma, Ting Tian, Nianyi Zeng, Yue Gu, Xuewei Ren, Zhengjiang Jin

“…However, common blood tests is simple and efficient, Therefore, the purpose of this study is to preliminarily distinguish Mycoplasma pneumoniae and influenza A virus infection in children by analyzing the results of common blood tests, thereby guiding clinical diagnosis and treatment.The results showed that, compared with children in the influenza A virus-positive group, children in the Mycoplasma pneumoniae-positive group had higher white blood cell (WBC), red blood cell (RBC), haemoglobin (HGB), platelet (PLT) counts, lymphocyte (LYM) and eosinophil (EOS) counts and ratios, as well as higher concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum amyloid A (SAA), while neutrophil (NEU) and monocyte (MONO) counts and ratios, Neutrophil to Lymphocyte ratio( NLR) were lower, in addition, LYM, EOS counts and ratios, and NLR were all more effective in differentiating between the two pathogen infections, A combined analysis of these indicators further improved the differentiation efficacy. …”
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Antibodies to Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria in Young Children with Different Propensity to Develop Islet Autoimmunity by Ija Talja, Anna-Liisa Kubo, Riitta Veijola, Mikael Knip, Olli Simell, Jorma Ilonen, Mari Vähä-Mäkilä, Epp Sepp, Marika Mikelsaar, Meeme Utt, Raivo Uibo

“…Immunoblot assays were used to establish the prevalence of serum IgG, IgM, and IgA antibodies specific for Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium longum, and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG proteins in young children presenting with or without type 1 diabetes (T1D). …”
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Changes in Serum Immunoglobulin Levels Play as Predictors of Treatment Response and Prognosis in Pediatric Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome During the Remission Phase by Amin sadat Sharif, Naghmeh Nickravesh, Marzieh Heidarzadeh Arani, Mohammad Javad Azadchehr, Hossein Motedayyen

“…Therefore, this study aimed to determine whether the serum level of Igs can be considered as an index to predict the response to treatment and the prognosis of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) in children in the remission phase. …”
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Serum Leucine-Rich α2-Glycoprotein as a Biomarker for Monitoring Disease Activity in Patients with Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis by Masaki Shimizu, Natsumi Inoue, Mao Mizuta, Yasuo Nakagishi, Akihiro Yachie

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Serum Endocan Levels Associated with Hypertension and Loss of Renal Function in Pediatric Patients after Two Years from Renal Transplant by Livia Victorino de Souza, Vanessa Oliveira, Aline Oliveira Laurindo, DelmaRegına Gomes Huarachı, Paulo Cesar Koch Nogueira, Luciana de Santis Feltran, José Osmar Medina-Pestana, Maria do Carmo Franco

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Immune Dysfunction in Rett Syndrome Patients Revealed by High Levels of Serum Anti-N(Glc) IgM Antibody Fraction by Anna Maria Papini, Francesca Nuti, Feliciana Real-Fernandez, Giada Rossi, Caterina Tiberi, Giuseppina Sabatino, Shashank Pandey, Silvia Leoncini, Cinzia Signorini, Alessandra Pecorelli, Roberto Guerranti, Solange Lavielle, Lucia Ciccoli, Paolo Rovero, Claudio De Felice, Joussef Hayek

“…In this study, we aimed to evaluate the function of the immune system by measuring serum immunoglobulins (IgG and IgM) in RTT patients (n=53) and, by comparison, in age-matched children affected by non-RTT pervasive developmental disorders (non-RTT PDD) (n=82) and healthy age-matched controls (n=29). …”
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Serum Tumor Necrosis Factor-α and Interferon-γ Levels in Pediatric Mycoplasma pneumoniae Pneumonia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis by Ying Wang, Yongsheng Zhang, Wenting Lu, Liying Wang

“…Serum IFN-γ levels did not significantly differ in children with MPP compared with healthy children (MD = 4.83, 95% CI = −3.27–12.93, P=0.24). …”
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Evaluating Bone Health in Egyptian Children with Forearm Fractures: A Case Control Study by Abeer El-Sakka, Cristina Penon, Adham Hegazy, Salwa Elbatrawy, Amr Gobashy, Alvaro Moreira

“…Cases had higher Body Mass Index than Controls, p=0.01. Children in the Cases group had lower mean serum calcium values 8.3±1.4 compared to 9.3±1.1 in Controls (p=0.01). …”
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Outcomes of Children and Adolescents Admitted with Diabetic Ketoacidosis at Kenyatta National Hospital (KNH), Kenya by Sophie Nyaombe Musoma, Anjumanara Omar, Beatrice Chepngeno Mutai, Paul Laigong

“…High risk of mortality was reported among children who had high serum creatinine (OR 5.8 (95% CI 1.6-21.2)), decreased urine output (OR 9.0 (95% CI 2.2-37.3)), and altered level of consciousness (OR 5.2 (95% CI 1.1-25.1)). …”
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Are Trace Elements Provided for Children on Long-Term Parenteral Nutrition Adequate to Meet Their Needs? by Hanna Romanowska, Mikołaj Danko, Anna Borkowska, Katarzyna Popińska, Marta Sibilska, Joanna Żydak, Joanna Wielopolska, Klaudia Bartoszewicz, Agnieszka Szlagatys-Sidorkiewicz, Janusz Książyk

“…<b>Methods</b>: Serum levels of manganese, zinc, copper, selenium, and iodine were measured in 83 children on LPN and compared with 121 healthy controls. …”
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Sex steroid hormones mediate the association between neonicotinoids and obesity among children and adolescents by Qian Su, Jinzhu Luo, You Zhou, Miao Liu, Shaohua Zeng, Yin Li, Jieying Gao

“…Objective: To investigate the association between neonicotinoid exposure and obesity among U.S. children and adolescents and to explore underlying mechanism mediated by serum sex steroid hormones in these associations. …”
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Serum Concentrations of Transforming Growth Factor-Beta 1 in Predicting the Occurrence of Diabetic Retinopathy in Juvenile Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus by Katarzyna Zorena, Ewa Malinowska, Dorota Raczyńska, Małgorzata Myśliwiec, Krystyna Raczyńska

“…The study included 81 children and adolescents with T1DM and 19 control subjects. …”
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Study of vascular endothelial dysfunction in children with beta-thalassemia major before and after quercetin therapy by Fatma Al Zahraa Sherai, Maaly Mabrouk, Ibrahim Badraia, Adel Hagag, Eman Elaskary

“…This work aimed to investigate endothelial dysfunction among children diagnosed as beta-thalassemia major by assessing serum level of some endothelial markers (thrombomodulin as well as human ROS) and assessing the quercetin’s therapeutic value in improving endothelial dysfunction by measuring the previous markers 12 weeks following therapy. …”
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Comparison between ELISA and PCR for Detection of Epstein - Barr virus in children with acute cervical lymphadenitis by Nazim Khan, Neeraj Narayan Mathur, Sunil Kumar Singh Bhadouriya, Balvinder Singh Arora, Nidhi Chaudhary, Dhriti Khullar

“…Comparison between ELISA and PCR for Detection of Epstein - Barr virus in children with acute cervical lymphadenitis was done. …”
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Angiopoietin-Like Proteins 2 and 3 in Children and Adolescents with Obesity and Their Relationship with Hypertension and Metabolic Syndrome by Zahra Arab Sadeghabadi, Mitra Nourbakhsh, Mohammad Alaee, Mona Nourbakhsh, Seyedeh Sara Ghorbanhosseini, Roya Sharifi, Maryam Razzaghy-Azar

“…Serum ANGPTL2 and ANGPTL3 and insulin were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). …”
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The role of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inflammatory markers in the progress of Alport syndrome in Egyptian children by Moushira Zaki, Hisham A. Orban, Mohamed A. Shahba, Rehab S. I. Moustafa, Ahmed Adel, Fatina I. Fadel, Abeer Selim, Hala T. El-Bassyouni, Eman R. Youness

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