Motivation and Performance of Primary Teachers in Gasabo District, Kigali-Rwanda. by Celestin, Habumuremyi

“…The scope started with 2008 because that is where the government of Rwanda put a milestone in the teachers’ motivation scheme by institutionalizing the Umwalimu Savings and Credits Cooperative and injecting a startup capital of 5 billion Rwanda Francs to give teachers low interest rate loans to increase their welfare. …”
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Optimizing Pretrained Convolutional Neural Networks for Tomato Leaf Disease Detection by Iftikhar Ahmad, Muhammad Hamid, Suhail Yousaf, Syed Tanveer Shah, Muhammad Ovais Ahmad

“…Vegetable and fruit plants facilitate around 7.5 billion people around the globe, playing a crucial role in sustaining life on the planet. …”
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Robustness of Dengue Complex Network under Targeted versus Random Attack by Hafiz Abid Mahmood Malik, Faiza Abid, Mohamed Ridza Wahiddin, Zeeshan Bhatti

“…According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 3.6 billion individuals are at risk because of the dengue virus sickness. …”
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A large-scale dataset for Chinese historical document recognition and analysis by Yongxin Shi, Dezhi Peng, Yuyi Zhang, Jiahuan Cao, Lianwen Jin

“…The HisDoc1B comprises 40,281 books, over 3 million document images, and over 1 billion characters across 30,615 character categories. …”
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A Fuzzy Ecosystem Benchmarking for Crowdfunding in Transport Sector by Gargi Pant Shukla, Santosh Kumar, Mukesh Kumar, Ankit Kumar, Manoj Chhetri

“…The global crowdfunding (CF) market was valued at 10.2 billion US$ in 2018 and is expected to almost triple in size by 2025. …”
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BIM Adoption and Its Impact on Planning and Scheduling Influencing Mega Plan Projects- (CPEC-) Quantitative Approach by Ahsan Nawaz, Xing Su, Ibrahim Muhammad Nasir

“…With the start of CPEC and Multi-Billion Dollar investment on infrastructure, construction industry of Pakistan needs to uplift its existing standard in order to meet with international requirements. …”
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Efficient anomaly detection in tabular cybersecurity data using large language models by Xiaoyong Zhao, Xingxin Leng, Lei Wang, Ningning Wang, Yanqiong Liu

“…This approach utilizes a 7-billion-parameter open-source model and incorporates strategies such as data sample introduction, anomaly type recognition, chain-of-thought reasoning, multi-turn dialogue, and key information reinforcement. …”
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The Southern Pine Beetle Dendroctonus frontalis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) by Demian Gomez, Jiri Hulcr, Jeffrey Eickwort

“…From 1998 to 2002, a four-year outbreak in the southern Appalachian Mountains affected more than 1 million acres with an economic loss of more than $1 billion (Clarke and Nowak 2009). In 2001,17,599 acres of pine forest were damaged by SPB in Florida alone, causing an estimated $38 million in damages. …”
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Economic Analysis of Water Treatments for Phosphorus Removal in Florida by Daisuke Sano, Alan Hodges, Robert Degner

“…MAPS demonstrated the lowest cost at $24 per kg for systems designed to treat waters with 300 ppb (parts per billion) phosphorus to a level of 155ppb. Reservoir-Assisted STA, which treated 540 ppb to 40 ppb phosphorus concentration in Central Florida, had an estimated cost of $77. …”
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Metabolomics and Type 2 Diabetes: Translating Basic Research into Clinical Application by Matthias S. Klein, Jane Shearer

“…Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and its comorbidities have reached epidemic proportions, with more than half a billion cases expected by 2030. Metabolomics is a fairly new approach for studying metabolic changes connected to disease development and progression and for finding predictive biomarkers to enable early interventions, which are most effective against T2D and its comorbidities. …”
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Effects of Land Use/Cover Change on the Ecosystem Service Values in the Greater Bay Area of China Accounting for Spatiotemporal Complexity by Yingying Liu, Yalan Shi, Chunyu Liu

“…Our results indicated that the loss of ESVs decreased by 14.29 billion yuan from 2005 to 2020. The spatial distribution of the high-value ecosystem services was concentrated around the peripheral area of the northern regions in the GBA, and those areas had less land use development and human activity. …”
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The Role of Health-Conscious Decisions in Food Consumption by Erzsébet Peter, Nikoletta Kaszás, Kornél Németh

“…For the period between 2014 and 2020, 500 billion HUF subsidies have been allocated for the technical and technological modernization of businesses, for the increase of input efficiency as well as for research and development and trainings and consultancy. …”
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The Financial Aspect of Non_Governmental Organizations: by Tatjana Stanimirović

“…Findings: The results show that in 2019 NGOs in Slovenia achieved almost 1 billion euro of total revenues, after they were increasing rapidly in the hole observed period (2009-2019). …”
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Sustainability in higher education: Comparison of the Asia-Pacific region and Serbia by Đukić Gordana, Ilić Biljana

“…Mankind is slowly and painfully realizing that sustainability is very complicated in the current patterns of human lives. The fact that a billion times smaller enemy (virus) can put all the achievements of the previous civilization to the test testifies to how powerless man is before nature. …”
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Short tandem repeats delineate gene bodies across eukaryotes by William B. Reinar, Anders K. Krabberød, Vilde O. Lalun, Melinka A. Butenko, Kjetill S. Jakobsen

“…Here, we identify monomer and dimer STR motif repetitiveness in 5.1 billion 10-bp windows upstream of translation starts and downstream of translation stops in 25 million genes spanning 1270 species across the eukaryotic Tree of Life. …”
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Antithrombotic activity of flavonoids and polyphenols rich plant species by Bojić Mirza, Maleš Željan, Antolić Andrea, Babić Ivana, Tomičić Maja

“…In the last five years, in the USA, health care expenses related to cardiovascular diseases have increased 50 %, to over 350 billion dollars. Thus, application of plant species and medicinal plants rich in polyphenols in prevention of thrombus formation are of interest. …”
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Evaluation of SCBA-replaced cement for carbon credits and reduction in CO2 emissions by Anusha yarra, G. Nakkeeran, Dipankar Roy, George Uwadiegwu Alaneme

“…To accommodate this need, the world expends 30 billion tonnes of cement concrete every year. The rapid growth of cement manufacturing has raised environmental and health concerns due to significant carbon dioxide emissions, contributing to global warming and climate change. …”
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ROBO-SPOT: Detecting Robocalls by Understanding User Engagement and Connectivity Graph by Muhammad Ajmal Azad, Junaid Arshad, Farhan Riaz

“…We use a large anonymized dataset (call detailed records) from a large telecommunication provider containing more than 1 billion records collected over 10 days. We have conducted extensive evaluation demonstrating that the proposed approach achieves high accuracy and detection rate whilst minimizing the error rate. …”
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The Parmalat Scandal: An Analysis of Financial Deception and Its Implications for Global Business by Edgar Manuel Cambaza

“…Revealed in 2003, the case exposed an astonishing €14 billion deficit in the company's accounts, resulting from fraud, mismanagement, and oversight failures. …”
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Estimation of Blood Pressure by Image-Free, Wearable Ultrasound by Ana Belen Amado Rey

“…Abstract 1.28 billion adults worldwide have high pressure, and only 21% of people have it under control. …”
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