Innovative cross-layer defense mechanisms for blackhole and wormhole attacks in wireless ad-hoc networks by Jagadeesan Srinivasan

“…A wormhole attack disrupts communication through tunneling, while a blackhole attack manipulates network traffic by impersonating the source. …”
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Analyzing crises in global financial indices using Recurrent Neural Network based Autoencoder. by Mimusa Azim Mim, Md Kamrul Hasan Tuhin, Ashadun Nobi

“…To explore the network structure, we construct threshold networks based on the middle-layer weights for each year and examine key topological metrics, such as entropy, average clustering coefficient, and average shortest path length, providing new insights into the dynamic evolution of global stock market interconnections. …”
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Comparative study of upper and lower leaf epidermis and trichomes in some species belong to Malvaceae family by Sadeq S.K. Al-Taie, Sahar A.A.M. Al-Saadi

“…Additionally, the shape of the anticlinal wall cells is straight in A. ludwigii, G. herbaceum, H. sabdariffa and H. tiliaceu species; sinuate in H. cannabinum and H. rosa-sinensis and undulate or strongly undulate in Malva species. On average epidermal cells in the upper epidermis of M. sylvestris were 91.25 µm long, while on average, they were 27.18 µm long in H. tiliaceus. …”
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Multi-Source Information Fusion for Environmental Perception of Intelligent Vehicles Using Sage-Husa Adaptive Extended Kalman Filtering by Yibo Meng, Huifang Kong, Tiankuo Liu

“…When compared to the SHAEKF algorithm, the positional average errors have been reduced by 2.8% and 13.4%, while the mean squared errors have decreased by 64% and 72%. …”
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Causal Inference for Modality Debiasing in Multimodal Emotion Recognition by Juyeon Kim, Juyoung Hong, Yukyung Choi

“…On the IEMOCAP dataset with the MulT backbone, CausalMER achieves an average accuracy of 83.4%. On the CMU-MOSEI dataset, the average accuracies with MulT, PMR, and DMD backbones are 50.1%, 48.8%, and 48.8%, respectively. …”
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Short term traffic flow prediction and timing optimization at signalized intersections based on SG-LSTM and particle swarm optimization by Lei Yang, Ruijun Guo

“…Furthermore, a multi-objective optimization model is established to refine the timing scheme of the signalized intersections, incorporating constraints that consider the maximization of overall intersection capacity, minimization of average delay, and reduction of average queuing times. …”
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Analysing and visualising mobility vulnerability and recovery across Florida neighbourhoods: a case study of Hurricane Ian by Jinpeng Wang, Yujie Hu, Li Duan, George Michailidis

“…Effective hurricane preparedness and response demand a thorough understanding of the impact on mobility patterns. While existing studies have explored mobility disruptions caused by hurricanes, very few have delved into the impact, considering both mobility vulnerability and recovery, on a state level. …”
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Asynchronous vs Synchronous: Effects of Online Learning on Students' Oral Presentation Skills by Vivi Indriyani, Jasmienti, Hasri Fendi

“…With the provisions of one class as experimental class 1 by treating students with asynchronous online learning, while the experimental class 2 learning is carried out synchronously online. …”
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Assessing thermal performance: An experimental study on U-value variability in building fabric elements by H Alkhatib, P Lemarchand

“…The experimental study conducted on the ''Block F'' building provided insights into the building's thermal performance by measuring the U-value of various windows and walls across different locations and floors. The average heat loss coefficient for windows was approximately 1.74 W/(m²K) before data cleaning and 1.99 W/(m²K) after cleaning, while walls had an average of 0.90 W/(m²K) before cleaning and 1.07 W/(m²K) after cleaning. …”
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Features of multimorbidity in elderly and senile people with hypertension by V. V. Popov, I. A. Novikova, M. V. Trokhova

“…The analysis showed a high prevalence of multimorbidity in elderly and senile people with HTN, which was found in all patients. On average, an elderly patient with HTN has 6 diseases that are pathogenetically interrelated and unrelated, while a senile patient has 8 diseases. …”
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Study on Tar Generated from Downdraft Gasification of Oil Palm Fronds by Samson Mekbib Atnaw, Soo Chuan Kueh, Shaharin Anwar Sulaiman

“…Average tar concentration of 4.928 g/Nm3 and 1.923 g/Nm3 was obtained for raw gas and cleaned gas samples, respectively. …”
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An Improved Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm forOptimal Allocation of Distributed Generation Units in Radial Power Systems by Neda Hantash, Tamer Khatib, Maher Khammash

“…The minimum value of fitness losses using the applied algorithm is found to be 0.0.0406 while the average elapsed time is 62.2325 s. In addition to that, the proposed PSO algorithm reduces the active power losses by 31.6%. …”
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Influence of external environment on thermal environment of cabin and optimization of air supply strategy of air conditioner by Yingchao Zhang, Ruizhuo Zhou, Guohua Wang, Jincheng Xu, Zhe Zhang

“…It is found that solar radiation intensity has a significant effect on thermal comfort, while vehicle speed has a relatively minor impact on thermal comfort but a substantial influence on thermal load. …”
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Evaluation of the heart rate during initial active standing in patients with vasovagal syncope by Jose Del Carmen Iglesias Alfonso, Barbaro Nicolas Socarras Hernandez

“…The heart rate was compared in the 3 groups, using 22 indicators (positional, temporal, ordinal and relational, average and of the speed of changes). Results: Differences were not found in the average indicators in the analyzed period, however, some that evaluate the speed of the initial change were significantly lower in group A compared to B and C (p<0.05), while others that evaluate the speed recovery rates were significantly lower in group C compared to A and B. …”
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Les performances en écriture d’étudiants faibles en français entrant à l’université dans des programmes en enseignement by Marie-Claude Boivin, Katrine Roussel

“…The article provides a list of the 20 most frequent errors, which include errors in the juxtaposition and coordination of phrases (rank 11th) and sentences (rank 15th). While the texts of students having French as a second language present an average of 4.48 errors per 100 words, the most frequent categories of errors remain essentially the same. …”
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Spatial-Temporal Variation of Vegetation NDVI and Its Response to Climate in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area from 2012 to 2021 by FU Xiang, LIU Hao

“…Exploring the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) variation of vegetation and its response to climate change in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area is of great significance for regional ecological environment restoration and vegetation improvement.According to MODIS NDVI data and meteorological data,Sen trend analysis,coefficient of variation (CV),and correlation analysis were adopted to analyze the spatio-temporal variation characteristics of vegetation and its response to climate change in the Greater Bay Area in recent 10 years.The results show that:①The NDVI of the vegetation in the Greater Bay Area generally shows a slow upward trend,with a rising slope of 0.003 3 /a,and the effect of continuous improvement of vegetation is great;②the NDVI stability of vegetation in the Greater Bay Area is relatively strong,with an average CV of 0.054 8.The areas with low and lower fluctuation changes of vegetation account for 89.94%,while those with high and higher fluctuation changes are mainly distributed in Foshan,Zhongshan,Dongguan,Shenzhen,Zhuhai,south of Guangzhou,and other regions with rapid economic development;③the correlation between NDVI of vegetation and average temperature in the Greater Bay Area is higher than that between NDVI of vegetation and precipitation.Temperature is the dominant factor affecting vegetation growth,and precipitation is mainly negatively correlated with the NDVI of vegetation.The research results can provide a theoretical basis for the ecological environment governance and green sustainable development of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area.…”
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Performance evaluation of GPT-4o on South Korean national exams for building mechanical equipment maintenance by Haneul Choi, Jehyun Lee, Jonghun Kim

“…Experimental results indicate that advanced reasoning can be improved using reasoning-optimized models, while legal question accuracy can be significantly enhanced with retrieval-augmented generation (RAG). …”
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Modelling students' cognitive achievement skills using the alpha power transformed Lindley probability distribution. by Shibiru Jabessa Dugasa, Butte Gotu Arero

“…Additionally, 59% of students lived in rural areas, while 41% resided in urban settings. The average household size was 5.77 members, showing variability in family structures. …”
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Analyzing Customer Loyalty Levels through Segmentation in Aesthetic Clinics Using K-Means and RFAM by Sinarring Azi Laga, Deny Hermansyah, Chitra Laksmi Rithmaya, Muhammad Zainuddin, Geo Ardana Ihsan Purnama Aji, Iqbal Ramadhani Mukhlis

“…In Cluster 1, denoting low loyalty, there are 156 customers, while Cluster 2 comprises 337 customers, reflecting high loyalty. …”
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No interaction between fundamental-frequency differences and spectral region when perceiving speech in a speech background. by Sara M K Madsen, Torsten Dau, Andrew J Oxenham

“…Performance was measured with average F0 differences (ΔF0) between the target and single-talker masker of 0, 2, and 4 semitones. …”
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