What motivates West African cocoa farmers to value trees? Taking the 4 W approach to the heart of the field by Marie Ruth Dago, Irié Casimir Zo‐Bi, Isaac Kouamé Konan, Aimé Kouadio Kouassi, Stéphane Guei, Patrick Jagoret, Anny Estelle N'Guessan, Elsa Sanial, Chloé Tankam, Soulemane Traoré, Bruno Hérault

Subjects: “…4 W approach…”
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Risk Factors of Post-Tonsillectomy Bleeding and Differences Between Children and Adults: Implications for Risk Assessment by Bülent Öcal, Mehmet Murat Günay, Kemal Keseroğlu, Murad Mutlu, İlker Akyıldız, Cem Saka, Emel Çadallı Tatar, Mehmet Hakan Korkmaz

“…Methods: The medical records of 1,082 patients who underwent tonsillectomy between May 2018 and April 2019 were reviewed. …”
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Intention to Extend Working Life among Thai Registered Nurses in Ministry of Public Health: A National Survey by Pooncharat Sirisub, Nawarat Suwannapong, Mathuros Tipayamongkholgul, Nopporn Howteerakul, Thinakorn Noree

“…This study aimed to estimate the proportion of those RNs who intend to extend their working life and analyzed the associations between general characteristics, quality of work life, and job characteristics of the RNs and their intention to work past retirement age. …”
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Chemoimmunotherapy as induction treatment in concurrent chemoradiotherapy for patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma stage IVa by Kun-Peng Wu, Qing-Qing Li, Xu-Qiang Luo, Xiao-Xi Wang, Yan-Zhen Lai, Dan Tian, Hong-cheng Yang, Xue-Ling Wei, Lan-Ying Wang, Qiu-Ming Li, Dao Zhu, Si-Jie Chen, Yang-Si Li

“…All patients underwent standard platinum-based concurrent intensity-modulated radiation therapy. We compared tumor response and toxicity during induction treatment and concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) between the two groups.Results The objective and complete response rates were significantly higher in the induction chemoimmunotherapy group compared to the induction chemotherapy group (95.7% vs 77.8%, and 39.1% vs 22.2%, respectively). …”
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Hemodynamic and Lesion Characteristics Associated with Discordance between the Instantaneous Wave-Free Ratio and Fractional Flow Reserve by Hiroyuki Arashi, Natsuko Satomi, Issei Ishida, Kanintorn Soontorndhada, Suguru Ebihara, Kazuki Tanaka, Hisao Otsuki, Masashi Nakao, Kentaro Jujo, Junichi Yamaguchi, Nobuhisa Hagiwara

“…We included only patients who underwent right heart catheterization and had blood pressure and heart rates recorded immediately prior to iFR and FFR. …”
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European and Integration Studies by N. Yu. Kaveshnikov

“…Ideas of V.B. Knyazhinsky are developed today in MGIMO by his followers A.V. …”
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Effect of Concussion on Reaction Time and Neurocognitive Factors: Implications for Subsequent Lower Extremity Injury by Tyler Ray, Daniel Fleming, Daniel Le, Mallory Faherty, Carolyn Killelea, Jeffrey Bytomski, Tracy Ray, Larry Lemak, Corina Martinez, Michael F. Bergeron, Timothy Sell

“… # Study Design Case-controlled study # Methods Twelve participants who had suffered a SRC and eight healthy individuals who were matched to the concussed group by age, sex, and sport were evaluated. …”
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Low energy density, high nutrient adequacy and high nutrient density are each associated with higher diet costs in Chinese adults from Henan Province by Junya Zhai, Baihui Ma, Lijun Guo, Hongbo Wu, Quanjun Lyu, Pipasha Khatun, Rui Liang, Fangfang Yao, Minghua Cong, Yongxia Kong

“…Methods A total of 680 Chinese adults aged above 25 years from Henan province were investigated in 2020. …”
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Exploring knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding salt intake: A community-based cross-sectional study by Deepak Sharma, Seema Gupta, Naveen Krishan Goel, Bhavana Katariya, Prabhdeep Singh, Aanchal Sareen

“…However, urine testing revealed that a high proportion of those tested consumed nearly double the WHO recommended threshold of 5 g of salt per day. …”
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Anthropodermic Bibliopegy, or, Using Human Skins in Books Binding: A historical study by د. حامد معروف الزیات

“…That skin was drowned in known places such as the French city, "Midon",and by famous binders such as John Stockton Hog and Rapparlier who was thebinder of the book entitled "Dance of death". …”
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Extracorporeal membrane therapy in a case of ruptured abscess on the mitroaortic intervalvular fibrosa associated to multisystem inflammatory syndrome: a case report by Lina P. Montaña-Jimenez, Ana M. Aristizabal, Carlos A. Guzmán-Serrano, Cesar Cely Reyes, Juan Fernando Vélez Moreno, Gastón Castillo

“…However, the rupture of the mitroaortic intervalvular fibrosa kept being unusual, making this case a rare presentation of a COVID-19 complication. …”
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Evaluation of reproductive and oncological outcomes after fertility-sparing surgery in cervical cancer patients with tumor > 2 cm by Kiarash Bahrehmand, Dóra Vesztergom, Barna Budai, Dániel Lengyel, Edina Lukács, Zoltán Novák

“…Background/objectives: We aimed to evaluate the reproductive and oncological outcomes of patients who underwent fertility-sparing surgery (FSS) despite being considered suboptimal candidates due to tumor size > 2 cm with or without lymph node metastasis. …”
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Perioperative SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Patients Undergoing Elective Surgery in Gynecology Clinic: Tertiary Center Experience by Gulnihal Reyhan Toptas, Eylem Unlubilgin, Tugba Kinay, Ali Riza Dogan, Mehmet Akif Akgul, Sitare Aslanova, Emel Ebru Ercan, Vakkas Korkmaz, Sezin Erturk Aksakal, Yaprak Ustun

“…Only one (0.4%) patient was diagnosed with COVID-19 30 days postoperatively and completely recovered. We calculated the perioperative SARS-CoV-2 positivity rate as 1.4% (276 surgeries were planned and 4 patients were diagnosed with COVID-19). …”
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Orthopedic Frailty Score and adverse outcomes in patients with surgically managed isolated traumatic spinal injury by Yang Cao, Shahin Mohseni, Babak Sarani, Frank Hildebrand, Ahmad Mohammad Ismail, Maximilian Peter Forssten, Parker Chang, Marcelo A F Ribeiro

“…The aim of the current study is to evaluate the utility of the Orthopedic Frailty Score (OFS) in assessing the risk of adverse outcomes in patients with isolated TSI requiring surgery, with the hypothesis that frailer patients suffer from a disproportionately increased risk of these outcomes.Methods The Trauma Quality Improvement Program database was queried for all adult patients (18 years or older) who suffered an isolated TSI due to blunt force trauma, between 2013 and 2019, and underwent spine surgery. …”
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Ketamine Boluses Are Associated with a Reduction in Intracranial Pressure and an Increase in Cerebral Perfusion Pressure: A Retrospective Observational Study of Patients with Sever... by Bradley A. Dengler, Oliver Karam, Colleen A. Barthol, Aaron Chance, Laura E. Snider, Clare M. Mundy, Michael T. Bounajem, William C. Johnson, Moustafa M. Maita, Paola M. Mendez-Gomez, Ali Seifi, Shaheryar Hafeez

“…We identified those patients with refractory intracranial pressure who received boluses of ketamine. …”
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Addressing certain issues of administrative and legal regulation of liability for violation of legal requirements for the safety of vehicle operation in Ukraine by O. M. Halkina, A. O. Ivanov

“…The urgency and importance of road safety issues is emphasised by both academics and the official authorities, who have a strategic vision of the key issues in this area and ways to address them. …”
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Examination of Critical Thinking Skills of Prospective Classroom Teachers by Hamdi Karakaş

“…It is observed that the rank average scores of critical thinking skills of the prospective classroom teachers who are in second grade are the highest, while the rank average scores of critical thinking skills of the prospective classroom teachers who are in fourth grade are the lowest. …”
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The use of propensity score matching to assess the effectiveness of the endometrial receptivity analysis in patients with recurrent implantation failure by Shuang Yu, Yongjie Zhang, Na Li, Zhuolun Su, Wenjing Li, Hua Lou, Yichun Guan

“…Finally, analysis of the clinical data of patients in the receptive and non-receptive groups did not uncover any factors influencing WOI displacement.ConclusionThe results of the study showed no significant difference in pregnancy outcomes in patients who received ERA compared to those who did not.…”
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Characteristics of Optic Neuritis in South Korean Children and Adolescents: A Retrospective Multicenter Study by Kyung-Ah Park, Hee Kyung Yang, Jinu Han, Seong-Joon Kim, Sung Eun Park, Haeng-Jin Lee, Sueng-Han Han, Sei Yeul Oh, Jeong-Min Hwang

“…This multicenter retrospective cohort study included 127 pediatric patients (median age: 10.3 (IQR: 7.3–14.2) years; female, 62.2%) who experienced ON for the first time between January 2004 and January 2018, with data obtained from five tertiary university-based hospitals in Korea. …”
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Predictors of Alcohol Use, Alcohol-Related Problems, and Substance Use Following Adolescent Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery by Gretchen E. White, PhD, Richard E. Boles, PhD, Anita P. Courcoulas, MD, MPH, Thomas H. Inge, MD, Susan Z. Yanovski, MD, Todd M. Jenkins, PhD, Meg H. Zeller, PhD

“…To identify factors associated with incident alcohol consumption, hazardous drinking, alcohol-related problems, and substance use up to 8 years following metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) during adolescence. Background:. In this cohort, nearly half of those who underwent MBS as adolescents screened positive for alcohol use disorder, symptoms of alcohol-related harm, or alcohol-related problems within 8 years post-surgery. …”
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