Adrenal Disorders and the Paediatric Brain: Pathophysiological Considerations and Clinical Implications by Vincenzo Salpietro, Agata Polizzi, Gabriella Di Rosa, Anna Claudia Romeo, Valeria Dipasquale, Paolo Morabito, Valeria Chirico, Teresa Arrigo, Martino Ruggieri

“…Arterial hypertension caused by paediatric adenomas or tumours of the adrenal cortex or medulla has been associated with various hypertension-related neurological manifestations. …”
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Investigating the effect of mindfulness training for stress management in military training: the relationship between the autonomic nervous system and emotional regulation by Seho Lee, Jin Hyung Kim, Hakseung Kim, Sung Ha Kim, Sung Soo Park, Chang Woo Hong, Ki Tae Kwon, Seung Hun Lee, Kyoung Soo Kim, Hoon Choi, Jung Bin Kim, Dong-Joo Kim

“…These positive effects are facilitated by concurrent modulation of the frontal cortex and autonomic nervous system. Our findings provide insight into the neural mechanisms behind MT-induced stress reduction from the perspective of neuromodulation.…”
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Personality Differences of Brain Networks in Placebo Analgesia and Nocebo Hyperalgesia: A Psychophysiological Interaction (PPI) Approach in fMRI by Yu Shi, Shimin Huang, Hongrui Zhan, Yaping Wang, Yanyan Zeng, Guiyuan Cai, Jianming Yang, Wen Wu

“…We found that (1) deactivation differences of the pain-related network and limbic system play an important role in personality differences associated with placebo analgesia and (2) differences of control of anxiety and activation of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex may cause the personality differences observed in nocebo hyperalgesia.…”
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Isolation of Viable Follicles from Cryopreserved Human Ovarian Tissue by Farnaz Tajbakhsh, Somayeh Tavana, Mohammad Kazemi Ashtiani, Naeimeh Sadat Abtahi, Leila Sadat Tahaei, Ashraf Moini, Rouhollah Fathi

“…Additionally, according to the morphological studies, a majority of the isolated follicles from the transsexual ovarian cortex were primordial (77.4%), and primary (21.12%) follicles, with only a small number of secondary follicles (1.4%) identified in these tissues. …”
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Near-infrared spectroscopy–guided personalized repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for bipolar depression: a case report by Chun-Hung Chang, Chun-Hung Chang, Chun-Hung Chang, Wen-Chun Liu, Po-Han Chou

“…High-frequency (10 Hz), low-frequency (1 Hz), or bilateral (left, high-frequency; right, low-frequency) stimulation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) has been demonstrated to be effective in studies based on prefrontal asymmetry theory, which suggests that depression is associated with reduced left frontal function and increased right frontal function. …”
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Feasibility of transpedicular screw placement through the posterior arch of C1: A CT study in the Emirati population by Ivan James Prithishkumar, Dineshwary Suresh, Nerissa Naidoo, Rashid AlSharhan, Usama Al Bastaki, Jeyaseelan Lakshmanan, Baylis Vivek Joseph

“…Results: Mean intraosseous distance from screw entry point in the posterior arch to the anterior cortex of lateral mass following a straight course without any inclination was 28.0 mm in males and 29.0 mm in females, allowing a safe distance of 3.2 mm from the foramen transversarium laterally and 9.0 mm from the vertebral canal medially. …”
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Application Progress of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in Rehabilitation of Chronic Low Back Pain by SHI Jian, WAN Ruihan, WANG Yafei, GONG Chen, WANG Yuling

“…Compared with the primary motor cortex, the prefrontal area showed a better therapeutic effect as the stimulating site for tDCS treatment of CLBP. …”
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Impact of Exercise on Tramadol-Conditioned Place Preference by Haneen Amawi, Alaa M. Hammad, Aseel Abdullah Ibrahim, Nosyba Alsbih, Frank Scott Hall, Fawaz Alasmari, Bahaa Al-Trad

“…A tramadol-conditioned place preference (CPP) procedure assessed TRA reinforcement, after which all rats were euthanized, tissue extracted, and mRNA expression for brain-derived neurotrophic factor (<i>Bdnf</i>) and interleukin 1 beta (<i>Il-1β</i>) determined in hippocampus (Hipp), prefrontal cortex (PFC), and nucleus accumbens (NAc). Results: TRA-seeking behavior was seen in the TRA group and the 6 weeks forced exercise group. …”
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Correlation between Cortical Excitability and Hand Function in Patients with Subacute Cerebral Infarction by Ling CHEN, Junling WANG, Dongfeng HUANG

“…Objective:To observe the cortical activation characteristics of cerebral motor prediction in patients with subacute cerebral infarction in the palm grasping task, and to explore the correlation between cortical excitability and hand function in patients with cerebral infarction.Methods:A total of twenty-five patients with subacute cerebral infarction who were hospitalized in the first affiliated hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from January 2017 to March 2018 were selected as the experimental group, and twenty-five healthy individuals matched with the gender and age of the experimental group were selected as the control group.Event related potentials were used to collect the electroencephalogram signals of the two groups in the palm grasping task, and then analyzed the latencies and amplitudes of the contingent negative variation(CNV)in the cerebral cortex before motor activation.Action Research Arm Test(ARAT)was used to assess the function of hand, and the correlation between CNV amplitude and ARAT score was analyzed.Results:Compared with the control group, the CNV latencies in the midline region of the experimental group were significantly shorter during the left hand grasp and right hand grasp, and the CNV amplitude were statistically significantly increased in the midline, bilateral frontal lobe and primary motor area(M1)(<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.05).There was no significant difference in CNV latency between left hand grasp and right hand grasp in the experimental group(<italic>P</italic>&gt;0.05), with the CNV amplitude of Cz electrode in midline statistically significantly greater than that of C4 electrode in contralateral M1(<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.05).There was moderate correlation between the CNV amplitude and ARAT in the non-lesioned frontal lobe, M1 and midline during right hand grasp in the experimental group(F4: <italic>r</italic>=0.510; C4: <italic>r</italic>=0.442; Fz: <italic>r</italic>=0.428).There was moderate correlation between the CNV amplitude and ARAT in the non-lesioned frontal lobe, M1 and midline during left hand grasp in the experimental group(F4: <italic>r</italic>=0.422; C4: <italic>r</italic>=0.496; Fz: <italic>r</italic>=0.446).Conclusion:The neural mechanism of motor anticipation in patients with subacute cerebral infarction is abnormal, the time of brain motor preparation is prolonged, and the non-lesioned frontal lobe and M1 are hyperactivity compensatory during motor anticipation.There was moderate correlation between the cortical excitability and hand dysfunction.Therefore, CNV may be a neural indicator of the severity of hand dysfunction in patients with cerebral infarction.…”
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A Pilot Study on Cognitive Processing Characteristics and Cerebral Mechanisms of Native Chinese-Speaking Savant Calendar Calculators with Autism Spectrum Disorder by CHEN Jian, XU Shutian, WU Yuwei, CHEN Songmei, SHAN Chunlei

“…The MoCA score was 17, mainly characterized as cognitive dysfunction and obvious abstract and language function loss. (7) MRI examination: compared with the healthy subjects, the SCC patient had arachnoid cysts in the left anterior temporal lobe, small bilateral hippocampal volume, especially on the left side, and left parietal-occipital cortex atrophy with subcortical white matter gliosis was observed.ConclusionThe native Chinese patient with autism spectrum disorder has the ability of SCC, and the frontal lobe function and left parietal lobe function (reduced numerical calculation ability and ideomotor dysfunction) are impaired, except for good visuospatial ability. …”
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Tubular MYDGF Slows Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease by Maintaining Mitochondrial Homeostasis by Xiaohan Liu, Yang Zhang, Youzhao Wang, Yujie Yang, Zhe Qiao, Ping Zhan, Huiying Jin, Qianqian Xu, Wei Tang, Yu Sun, Yan Zhang, Fan Yi, Min Liu

“…In the present study, it is found that MYDGF expression is significantly reduced in the cortex of the kidney, especially in the proximal tubules, from mice with CKD. …”
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Auditory attention decoding based on neural-network for binaural beamforming applications by Roy Gueta, Elana Zion-Golumbic, Jacob Goldberger, Sharon Gannot

“…Several studies showed the ability to encode essential features of the attended speech from the cortex neural response, as recorded by the electroencephalography (EEG) signals. …”
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Diagnostic uncertainty in primary aldosteronism by Marković Bojan, Stojković Mirjana, Janić Tamara, Babić Jovana, Đurković Ivana, Joksimović Nata, Nedeljković-Beleslin Biljana, Ćirić Jasmina, Žarković Miloš

“…Aldosterone is a mineralocorticoid hormone originating from the glomerulosa zone of the adrenal cortex. Its main mechanism of action involves the reabsorption of sodium along with the secretion of potassium and hydrogen ions. …”
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Effect of Aging on the Antifungal Activity and Surface Roughness of Soft Lining Material Incorporated with Chitosan Nano-Particles by Huda Abdul-Wahab Abdul-Shafi, Hawraa Khalid Aziz

“…Also, the result of the study concluded that vertex soft lining material impregnated with chitosan nano-particles aids in obtaining a lining material with the antifungal activity against C. albicans. …”
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Connectome-based disentangling of epilepsy networks from insular stereoelectroencephalographic leads by Kathrin Machetanz, Eliane Weinbrenner, Thomas Volkmar Wuttke, Silke Ethofer, Randolph Helfrich, Josua Kegele, Stephan Lauxmann, Michael Alber, Sabine Rona, Marcos Tatagiba, Holger Lerche, Jürgen Honegger, Georgios Naros

“…We identified insular connections to the superior temporal gyrus and heschl gyrus in sensory seizures and projections to the somatosensory cortex in somatosensory seizures. Insula-basal ganglia pathways were found in cognitive seizure manifestations, while insular connectivity to fronto-basal regions were strongest in patients with autonomic seizures.ConclusionThe semiology of seizures is mirrored in the functional connectivity of insular epileptic discharges. …”
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Emotional Intelligence in Children with Severe Sleep-Related Breathing Disorders by Francesca Felicia Operto, Francesco Precenzano, Ilaria Bitetti, Valentina Lanzara, Maria Lorena Fontana, Grazia Maria Giovanna Pastorino, Marco Carotenuto, Francesco Pisani, Anna Nunzia Polito, Daniela Smirni, Michele Roccella

“…Functional alterations in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) may explain why OSAS impacts aspects such as executive functions, memory, motor control, attention, visual-spatial skills, learning, and mood regulation. …”
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SDF-1/CXCR4 Signaling Maintains Stemness Signature in Mouse Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells by Shih-Yin Ho, Thai-Yen Ling, Hsing-Yu Lin, Jeffrey Tsai-Jui Liou, Fei-Chih Liu, I-Chun Chen, Sue-Wei Lee, Yu Hsu, Dar-Ming Lai, Horng-Huei Liou

“…Loss of SDF-1/CXCR4 signaling causes abnormal development of neural stem/progenitor cells (NSCs/NPCs) in the cerebellum, hippocampus, and cortex. However, the mechanism of SDF-1/CXCR4 axis in NSCs/NPCs regulation remains unknown. …”
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Investigating Brain Structure and Functional Alterations in the Transition from Acute to Chronic Neck Pain: A Resting-State fMRI Study by Gao Z, Cui MJ, Wang HJ, Zhang J, Xu C, Ji LX

“…Low-frequency amplitude measures revealed decreased activity in the left dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus and left postcentral gyrus, among other areas, and increased activity in the right middle frontal gyrus and the opercular part of the right inferior frontal gyrus.Conclusion: Our findings indicate that dysfunction and structural changes in the limbic system and prefrontal cortex may play a pivotal role in the progression from acute to chronic neck pain. …”
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Clinical Study of Repetitive Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Combined with Rehabilitation Therapy for Patients with Consciousness Disorder by CHENG Xiaorong, SUN Dengjuan, ZHANG Yibao, MA Yumei, MA Rui, BAO Yingcun, LI Qun

“…The control group were treated with conventional rehabilitation treatment and the observation group were treated with conventional rehabilitation therapy and tDCS，the anode was placed in the left primary motor cortex （M1） and the cathode was placed in the right shoulder region，current intensity of 2 mA，once daily，20 min once a day，5 times per week，for 6 weeks. …”
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The effect of repetitive and Deep Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on quantitative electroencephalography in major depressive disorder by Reyhan Ilhan, Reyhan Ilhan, Mehmet Kemal Arikan, Mehmet Kemal Arikan

“…Nevertheless, the evidence for long-term electrophysiological alterations in the cortex following prolonged TMS interventions, as assessed by quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG), remains insufficiently explored. …”
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