Preoperative Altered Spontaneous Brain Activity and Functional Connectivity Were Independent Risk Factors for Delayed Neurocognitive Recovery in Older Adults Undergoing Noncardiac... by Zhaoshun Jiang, Xixue Zhang, Yating Lv, Xiaodong Zheng, Huibiao Zhang, Xuelin Zhang, Chongyi Jiang, Guangwu Lin, Weidong Gu

“…However, the DNR patients exhibited higher preoperative ALFF in the bilateral middle cingulate cortex (MCC) and left fusiform gyrus and lower preoperative FC between the bilateral MCC and left calcarine than the non-DNR patients. …”
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Formulation and characterization of CMPI nanoparticles for enhanced targeting of brain nicotinic receptors by positive allosteric modulator by Rahma Aly, Shoukath Sulthana, Robert Beaudoin, Ayman K. Hamouda, Santosh Aryal

“…CMPI that preferentially potentiates the (α4)3(β2)2 nAChR, the major nAChR subtype in the cortex and as such carries potential experimental and therapeutic applications. …”
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Gestational diabetes induces autistic-like behaviors in offspring by disrupting the GABAergic system by Xuan-Qi Liu, Tian-li Huang, Shu-Yu Zhang, Yu-Tong Huang, Jia-Ying Mo, Yi-Shang Yan, Yi-Ning Cao, Yue-Ran Cai, Jian-Zhong Sheng, Hong Zhu, He Feng Huang

“…Neuronal excitability in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) was evaluated using c-Fos staining after social behavior stimulation. …”
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Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for the Treatment of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome: A Pilot Study by Foglia SD, Drapeau CC, Ramdeo KR, Adams FC, Soppitt DB, Rehsi RS, Shanthanna H, Nelson AJ

“…Participants took part in a 4-week induction period (5 days per week) followed by a 5-week tapering period whereby the frequency of rTMS sessions per week was reduced. rTMS was delivered at 10 hz for 2000 pulses at 80% of resting motor threshold over the primary motor cortex. Feasibility was assessed as compliance of attending treatment sessions. …”
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A visual cortical-lateral posterior thalamic nucleus circuit regulates depressive-like behaviors in male mice by Fangfang Wu, Chenxi Gu, Rui Xu, Junwei Ma, Lei Gao, Youjiao Zhang, Siyuan Bu, Qingbo Lu, Te Zhao, Yijun Han, Chen Guo, Yihui Cui, Jianhua Ding, Gang Hu, Zhijun Zhang

“…Abstract Depression, a prevalent psychiatric disorder of ambiguous etiology and high heterogeneity, has been recently linked to the primary visual cortex (V1). However, the precise circuits mediating the impact of V1 on depressive-like behaviors are poorly understood. …”
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Evaluation of the Anti-Inflammatory and Antinociceptive Effects of the Essential Oil from Leaves of Xylopia laevigata in Experimental Models by João Carlos C. Queiroz, Ângelo R. Antoniolli, Lucindo J. Quintans-Júnior, Renan G. Brito, Rosana S. S. Barreto, Emmanoel V. Costa, Thanany B. da Silva, Ana Paula Nascimento Prata, Waldecy de Lucca, Jackson R. G. S. Almeida, Julianeli T. Lima, Jullyana S. S. Quintans

“…The EOX showed c-Fos label in the olfactory bulb, piriform cortex, and periaqueductal gray. Acute administration of EOX exhibited a significant (P<0.01 or P<0.001) anti-inflammatory profile in the carrageenan-induced peritonitis and by the carrageenan-induced hindpaw edema tests in mice. …”
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Clinical efficacy of low‐dose Perampanel correlates with neurophysiological changes in familial adult myoclonus epilepsy 2 by Antonietta Coppola, Claudia Cuccurullo, Gianmaria Senerchia, Marica Rubino, Liana Veneziano, Francesco Brancati, Luigi Baratto, Valentina Virginia Iuzzolino, Leonilda Bilo, Pasquale Striano, Raffaele Dubbioso

“…Neurophysiological assessments revealed a PER‐induced decrease in sensorimotor hyperexcitability, characterized by diminished N33 amplitudes, attenuated glutamatergic facilitation, and enhanced GABAergic inhibition in the motor cortex. In conclusion, low‐dose PER is well tolerated and effective in alleviating myoclonus in FAME2 patients, supported by its modulatory effects on glutamatergic and GABAergic neuronal circuits. …”
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Increased DNA Copy Number Variation Mosaicism in Elderly Human Brain by Darine Villela, Claudia K. Suemoto, Renata Leite, Carlos Augusto Pasqualucci, Lea T. Grinberg, Peter Pearson, Carla Rosenberg

“…In two neural tissues isolated from paired postmortem samples (same individuals), we found a significant increase in the frequency of deletions in both brain areas, namely, the frontal cortex and cerebellum. Also, deletions were found to be significantly larger when present only in the cerebellum. …”
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Event-related theta synchronization over sensorimotor areas differs between younger and older adults and is related to bimanual motor control by Andreas Wulff-Abramsson, Ana Zvornik, Keenie Ayla Andersen, Yan Yang, Mikael Novén, Jesper Lundbye-Jensen, Leo Tomasevic, Anke Ninija Karabanov

“…Older adults also showed stronger lateralization, displaying higher theta ERS over the dominant motor cortex. Finally, event-related theta synchronization appeared to be behaviorally relevant across groups and correlated with task performance. …”
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Histopathological Finding of Microdamage Accumulation in Atypical Subtrochanteric Femoral Fracture by Yo Watanabe, Naoki Kondo, Tomomi Fukuhara, Norio Imai, Masahiko Yamada, Naoto Endo

“…Iliac bone histomorphometry did not reveal severely suppressed bone turnover. In the cortex of fracture site, the lacunar density was markedly lower than the osteocyte density, and microcracks were detected, suggesting impaired osteocyte function and a low potential for fracture healing. …”
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Asymmetric representation of symmetric semantic information in the human brain by Jiaxin Wang, Kiichi Kawahata, Antoine Blanc, Naoya Maeda, Shinji Nishimoto, Satoshi Nishida

“…By localizing the semantic representation associated with each concept based on the voxelwise accuracy of brain-response predictions, we found that semantic representations of symmetric concept pairs are broadly distributed but with little overlap in the cortex. Additionally, the weight of voxelwise models revealed highly complex, various patterns of cortical representations for each concept pair. …”
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Effect of Transcranial Direct-Current Stimulation and Task-Oriented Training on Electroencephalography-Based Motor Recovery Chronic Stroke: A Randomized Clinical Trial by Maryam Zolghadr, Shohreh Noorizadeh Dehkordi, Javad Sarrafzadeh, Saeed Talebian, Hassan Haddadzade Niri, Marzieh Yassin

“…Materials and Methods: Thirty chronic hemiparetic stroke survivors were randomly assigned to receive real or sham stimulation targeting the primary motor cortex (C3/C4) at 2 mA for 20 minutes and TOT daily over 15 sessions. …”
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Downregulation of the immunoproteasome subunit PSMB8 attenuates sepsis-associated acute kidney injury through the NF-κB pathway by Min Li, Wenjia Tong, Chao Dai, Guoping Lu, Danqun Jin, Fang Deng

“…ELISA and Real-time PCR were used to detect the levels of inflammatory cytokines in the renal cortex. The role of shPSMB8 in LPS-induced apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. …”
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Associations between Age-Related Changes in the Core Vestibular Projection Pathway and Balance Ability: A Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study by Sang Seok Yeo, Jung Won Kwon, In Hee Cho

“…We investigated the changes of the vestibulospinal tract (VST) and parietoinsular vestibular cortex (PIVC) using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and relation to balance between old and young healthy adults. …”
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The Impact of Optical Undersampling on the Ca2+ Signal Resolution in Ca2+ Imaging of Spontaneous Neuronal Activity by Katarina D. Milicevic, Violetta O. Ivanova, Tina N. Brazil, Cesar A. Varillas, Yan M.D. Zhu, Pavle R. Andjus, Srdjan D. Antic

“…Methods: Primary neuronal cultures were prepared from the cortex of newborn pups. Neurons were loaded with Oregon Green BAPTA-1 AM (OGB1-AM) fluorescent indicator. …”
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Low-Frequency Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Stroke-Induced Upper Limb Motor Deficit: A Meta-Analysis by Lan Zhang, Guoqiang Xing, Shiquan Shuai, Zhiwei Guo, Huaping Chen, Morgan A. McClure, Xiaojuan Chen, Qiwen Mu

“…This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (LF-rTMS) over the contralesional hemisphere on upper limb motor recovery and cortex plasticity after stroke. Methods. Databases of PubMed, Medline, ScienceDirect, Cochrane, and Embase were searched for randomized controlled trials published before Jun 31, 2017. …”
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Functional and structural connectivity of the subregions of the amygdala in ADHD children with or without ODD by Zhao-Min Wu, Peng Wang, Xue-Chun Liu, Qing-Chao Zhou, Xiao-Lan Cao, Li Sun, Lu Liu, Qing-Jiu Cao, Li Yang, Yu-Feng Wang, Ying Qian, Bin-Rang Yang

“…Compared with the control and ADHD + ODD groups, the ADHD-only group displayed increased FC strength between the amygdala subregions and the left caudate, left putamen, and frontal cortex. Regarding structural connectivity (SC), the ADHD-only group demonstrated higher streamline density in the left internal capsule, corpus callosum, and the right superior corona radiata. …”
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Substantia nigra alterations in mice modeling Parkinson’s disease by I. N. Rozhkova, S. V. Okotrub, E. Yu. Brusentsev, T. A. Rakhmanova, D. A. Lebedeva, V. S. Kozeneva, N. A. Shavshaeva, N. V. Khotskin, S. Ya. Amstislavsky

“…The density of neurons in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, substantia nigra and striatum in B6.Cg-Tg mice was assessed in our previous work, but the dopaminergic system was not studied there, although it plays a key role in the development of PD. …”
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Effects on impulsivity and delay discounting of intermittent theta burst stimulation add-on to dialectical behavioral therapy in borderline personality disorder: a randomized, sham... by Milenko Kujovic, Christian Bahr, Mathias Riesbeck, Daniel Benz, Martina Deiß, Zsofia Margittai, Sebastian Henges, Dirk Reinermann, Christian Plewnia, Eva Meisenzahl

“…Objective/Hypothesis We hypothesized that intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS), a modified rTMS protocol that targets the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, would enhance the therapeutic effects of DBT, leading to greater improvements in impulsivity and decision-making compared with sham stimulation. …”
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Deciphering consciousness: The role of corticothalamocortical interactions in general anesthesia by Yuxi Zhou, Shiqian Huang, Tianhao Zhang, Daling Deng, Li Huang, Xiangdong Chen

“…Additionally, the role of the prefrontal cortex in regulating arousal through both top-down and bottom-up pathways was examined. …”
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