A Novel Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease with Chronic Estrogen Deficiency Leads to Glial Cell Activation and Hypertrophy by Annik Prat, Maik Behrendt, Edwige Marcinkiewicz, Sebastien Boridy, Ram M. Sairam, Nabil G. Seidah, Dusica Maysinger

“…The most prominent changes in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of these hypoestrogenic mice were marked hypertrophy of both cortical neurons and astrocytes and an increased number of activated microglia. …”
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Renal and Hematological Effects of CLCF-1, a B-Cell-Stimulating Cytokine of the IL-6 Family by Virginia J. Savin, Mukut Sharma, Jianping Zhou, David Gennochi, Timothy Fields, Ram Sharma, Ellen T. McCarthy, Tarak Srivastava, Jos Domen, Aurélie Tormo, Jean-François Gauchat

“…CLCF-1 increased phosphorylation of STAT3 in multiple cell types, activated podocytes leading to formation of lamellipodia and decrease in basal stress fibers, increased glomerular albumin permeability, and increased STAT3 phosphorylation of peripheral blood cells and renal cortex. CLCF-1 increased urine albumin/creatinine ratio in mice and increased B-cell expression of IgG in mouse spleen. …”
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Skeletal Muscle-Derived Stem/Progenitor Cells: A Potential Strategy for the Treatment of Acute Kidney Injury by Egle Pavyde, Romaldas Maciulaitis, Mykolas Mauricas, Gintaras Sudzius, Ernesta Ivanauskaite Didziokiene, Arvydas Laurinavicius, Neringa Sutkeviciene, Edgaras Stankevicius, Justinas Maciulaitis, Arvydas Usas

“…PKH-26-labeled MDSPCs were identified within renal cortex 1 and 2 weeks after cell administration, indicating MDSPCs capacity to migrate and populate renal tissue. …”
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Anatomical Covariance Analysis: Detection of Disrupted Correlation Network Related to Clinical Trait Fatigue in Multiple Sclerosis: A Pilot Study by Rosalia Dacosta-Aguayo, Glenn Wylie, John DeLuca, Helen Genova

“…The experience of fatigue is inherently interoceptive, yet no study to date has explicitly investigated the insular cortex (IC) as a primary goal in the experience of fatigue in PwMS. …”
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Diagnostic ultrasound enhances, then reduces, exogenously induced brain activity of mice by Henry Tan, Devon J. Griggs, Devon J. Griggs, Lucas Chen, Kahte Adele Culevski, Kathryn Floerchinger, Alissa Phutirat, Gabe Koh, Nels Schimek, Pierre D. Mourad, Pierre D. Mourad

“…These results demonstrate that simultaneous exposure to tDUS and blinking light can increase the receptivity of the visual cortex of mice exposed to that light, and that prior exposure to tDUS can reduce subsequent brain activity. …”
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A Prospective Observational Study to Establish a Correlation Between Tinnitus and Hearing Loss by Anshu Chopra, Madhurima Bannerjee, Sanjoy Ghosh

“…Both tinnitus and sensorineural hearing loss can occur when there is damage throughout the auditory pathway from the inner ear to auditory cortex. Our aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of hearing loss in patients with tinnitus and to assess the association between tinnitus and hearing loss. …”
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Microstructural lateralization of thalamocortical connections in individuals with a history of reading difficulties by Yueye Zhao, Jianyi Liu, Xue'er Ma, Zi-Gang Huang, Jingjing Zhao

“…Previous research has shown that the thalamus is crucial in reading, with its function depending largely on its connections with the cortex. However, the relationship between the lateralization of thalamocortical connections and reading has not been well-explored. …”
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Don’t mind the gap: reframing the Perren strain rule for fracture healing using insights from virtual mechanical testing by Maham Tanveer, Karina Klein, Brigitte von Rechenberg, Salim Darwiche, Hannah L. Dailey

“…Results: Gap-closing strains averaged 51% (mean) at the far cortex. Peak compressive volumetric strain averaged 32% and only a small tissue volume (average 0.3 cm3) within the gap experienced compressive strains > 10%. …”
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Stroke Induces a BDNF-Dependent Improvement in Cognitive Flexibility in Aged Mice by Josh Houlton, Lisa Y. Y. Zhou, Deanna Barwick, Emma K. Gowing, Andrew N. Clarkson

“…Stroke or sham surgery was induced using the photothrombotic model to induce a bilateral prefrontal cortex stroke. Five days poststroke, an additional cohort of aged stroke animals were treated with intracerebral hydrogels loaded with the BDNF decoy, TrkB-Fc. …”
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Impact of Global Mean Normalization on Regional Glucose Metabolism in the Human Brain by Kristian N. Mortensen, Albert Gjedde, Garth J. Thompson, Peter Herman, Maxime J. Parent, Douglas L. Rothman, Ron Kupers, Maurice Ptito, Johan Stender, Steven Laureys, Valentin Riedl, Michael T. Alkire, Fahmeed Hyder

“…Without GMN, global CMRglc alterations compared to control were detected in all conditions except in congenitally blind where regional CMRglc variations were detected in the visual cortex. However, GMN introduced regional and bidirectional CMRglc changes at smaller fractions of the quantitative delocalized changes. …”
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NF-κB Signaling in the Brain of Autistic Subjects by Mazhar Malik, Zujaja Tauqeer, Ashfaq M. Sheikh, Guang Wen, Amenah Nagori, Kun Yang, W. Ted Brown, Xiaohong Li

“…In addition, our results demonstrated that the expression of NF-κB (p65), and the phosphorylation/activation of NF-κB (p65) at Ser536 are not significantly changed in the cerebellum and cortex of both autistic subjects and BTBR mice. Our findings suggest that the NF-κB signaling pathway is not disregulated in the brain of autistic subjects and thus may not be significantly involved in the processes of abnormal inflammatory responses suggested in autistic brain.…”
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Brain network alterations in anorexia Nervosa: A Multi-Center structural connectivity study by Jun Kanzawa, Ryo Kurokawa, Tsunehiko Takamura, Nobuhiro Nohara, Kouhei Kamiya, Yoshiya Moriguchi, Yasuhiro Sato, Yumi Hamamoto, Tomotaka Shoji, Tomohiko Muratsubaki, Motoaki Sugiura, Shin Fukudo, Yoshiyuki Hirano, Yusuke Sudo, Rio Kamashita, Sayo Hamatani, Noriko Numata, Koji Matsumoto, Eiji Shimizu, Naoki Kodama, Shingo Kakeda, Masatoshi Takahashi, Satoru Ide, Kazumasa Okada, Shu Takakura, Motoharu Gondo, Kazufumi Yoshihara, Masanori Isobe, Keima Tose, Tomomi Noda, Ryo Mishima, Michiko Kawabata, Shun’ichi Noma, Toshiya Murai, Kazuhiro Yoshiuchi, Atsushi Sekiguchi, Osamu Abe

“…Results showed that AN patients exhibited significantly higher clustering coefficient and local efficiency in several brain regions, including the left fusiform gyrus, bilateral orbitofrontal cortex, right entorhinal cortex, right lateral occipital gyrus, right superior temporal gyrus, and right insula. …”
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基于脑机接口的脑血管病后肢体运动功能康复研究进展 Research Progress of Limb Motor Function Rehabilitation after Cerebrovascular Diseases Based on Brain-Computer Interface... by 桑振华1，2，薛司洋2，3，魏宸铭3，武剑3，4 (SANG Zhenhua1,2, XUE Siyang2,3, WEI Chenming3, WU Jian3,4 )

“…The results show that BCI technology can help patients actively control external devices and stimulate the remodeling of motor cortex neural pathways, and realize the reconstruction of motor functions. …”
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qPRF: A system to accelerate population receptive field modeling by Sebastian Waz, Yalin Wang, Zhong-Lin Lu

“…BOLD response can be fitted using the population receptive field (PRF) model to reveal how visual input is represented on the cortex (Dumoulin and Wandell, 2008). Fitting the PRF model costs considerable time, often requiring days to analyze BOLD signals for a small cohort of subjects. …”
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Altered Recruitment of the Attention Network Is Associated with Disability and Cognitive Impairment in Pediatric Patients with Acquired Brain Injury by Sandra Strazzer, Maria A. Rocca, Erika Molteni, Ermelinda De Meo, Monica Recla, Paola Valsasina, Filippo Arrigoni, Susanna Galbiati, Alessandra Bardoni, Massimo Filippi

“…Compared to controls, ABI patients experienced a decreased average fMRI recruitment of the left cerebellum and a decreased deactivation of the left anterior cingulate cortex. With increasing task demand, compared to controls, ABI patients had an impaired ability to increase the recruitment of several posterior regions of the attention network. …”
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The Feasibility of Using CT-Guided ROI for Semiquantifying Striatal Dopamine Transporter Availability in a Hybrid SPECT/CT System by Chien-Chin Hsu, Yen-Hsiang Chang, Wei-Che Lin, Shu-Wen Tang, Pei-Wen Wang, Yung-Cheng Huang, Nan-Tsing Chiu

“…ROIs of the striatal, caudate, putamen, and occipital cortex were manually delineated on the SPECT, CT, and MRI. …”
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Reduced γ-Aminobutyric Acid and Glutamate+Glutamine Levels in Drug-Naïve Patients with First-Episode Schizophrenia but Not in Those at Ultrahigh Risk by Junjie Wang, Yingying Tang, Tianhong Zhang, Huiru Cui, Lihua Xu, Botao Zeng, Yu Li, Gaiying Li, Chunbo Li, Hui Liu, Zheng Lu, Jianye Zhang, Jijun Wang

“…In vivo GABA and glutamate+glutamine (Glx) levels in the medial prefrontal cortex were measured using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. …”
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Connectivity-Based Parcellation of the Cortical Mantle Using q-Ball Diffusion Imaging by Muriel Perrin, Yann Cointepas, Arnaud Cachia, Cyril Poupon, Bertrand Thirion, Denis Rivière, Pascal Cathier, Vincent El Kouby, André Constantinesco, Denis Le Bihan, Jean-François Mangin

“…Then, for each voxel of the cortex, a connection profile is computed using a probabilistic tractography framework. …”
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Inhibition of mPFC norepinephrine improved chronic post-thoracotomy pain in adult rats by Fan Zhang, Weicheng Qiu, Wenxiang Qing, Jin Li, Huan Chang, Rili Yu, Yanjun Zhou, Qin Liao

“…Background Chronic post-thoracotomy pain (CPTP) is characterized by high incidence, long duration, and severity of pain. Medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is a brain region closely associated with chronic pain, and norepinephrine is involved in pain regulation. …”
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Repetitive Mild but Not Single Moderate Brain Trauma Is Associated with TAR DNA-Binding Protein 43 Mislocalization and Glial Activation in the Mouse Spinal Cord by Tamara Janković, Jelena Rajič Bumber, Nika Gržeta Krpan, Petra Dolenec, Marc Jaeger, Jasna Kriz, Gordana Župan, Kristina Pilipović

“…<b>Methods</b>: Single TBI was applied over the left parietal cortex of mice by using the lateral fluid percussion injury apparatus and a separate cohort of animals received repetitive mild TBI by weight drop apparatus, with two mild injuries daily, for five days in a row. …”
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