Feasibility of transpedicular screw placement through the posterior arch of C1: A CT study in the Emirati population by Ivan James Prithishkumar, Dineshwary Suresh, Nerissa Naidoo, Rashid AlSharhan, Usama Al Bastaki, Jeyaseelan Lakshmanan, Baylis Vivek Joseph

“…Results: Mean intraosseous distance from screw entry point in the posterior arch to the anterior cortex of lateral mass following a straight course without any inclination was 28.0 mm in males and 29.0 mm in females, allowing a safe distance of 3.2 mm from the foramen transversarium laterally and 9.0 mm from the vertebral canal medially. …”
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Impact of Exercise on Tramadol-Conditioned Place Preference by Haneen Amawi, Alaa M. Hammad, Aseel Abdullah Ibrahim, Nosyba Alsbih, Frank Scott Hall, Fawaz Alasmari, Bahaa Al-Trad

“…A tramadol-conditioned place preference (CPP) procedure assessed TRA reinforcement, after which all rats were euthanized, tissue extracted, and mRNA expression for brain-derived neurotrophic factor (<i>Bdnf</i>) and interleukin 1 beta (<i>Il-1β</i>) determined in hippocampus (Hipp), prefrontal cortex (PFC), and nucleus accumbens (NAc). Results: TRA-seeking behavior was seen in the TRA group and the 6 weeks forced exercise group. …”
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Tubular MYDGF Slows Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease by Maintaining Mitochondrial Homeostasis by Xiaohan Liu, Yang Zhang, Youzhao Wang, Yujie Yang, Zhe Qiao, Ping Zhan, Huiying Jin, Qianqian Xu, Wei Tang, Yu Sun, Yan Zhang, Fan Yi, Min Liu

“…In the present study, it is found that MYDGF expression is significantly reduced in the cortex of the kidney, especially in the proximal tubules, from mice with CKD. …”
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Auditory attention decoding based on neural-network for binaural beamforming applications by Roy Gueta, Elana Zion-Golumbic, Jacob Goldberger, Sharon Gannot

“…Several studies showed the ability to encode essential features of the attended speech from the cortex neural response, as recorded by the electroencephalography (EEG) signals. …”
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Effect of Aging on the Antifungal Activity and Surface Roughness of Soft Lining Material Incorporated with Chitosan Nano-Particles by Huda Abdul-Wahab Abdul-Shafi, Hawraa Khalid Aziz

“…Also, the result of the study concluded that vertex soft lining material impregnated with chitosan nano-particles aids in obtaining a lining material with the antifungal activity against C. albicans. …”
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Emotional Intelligence in Children with Severe Sleep-Related Breathing Disorders by Francesca Felicia Operto, Francesco Precenzano, Ilaria Bitetti, Valentina Lanzara, Maria Lorena Fontana, Grazia Maria Giovanna Pastorino, Marco Carotenuto, Francesco Pisani, Anna Nunzia Polito, Daniela Smirni, Michele Roccella

“…Functional alterations in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) may explain why OSAS impacts aspects such as executive functions, memory, motor control, attention, visual-spatial skills, learning, and mood regulation. …”
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SDF-1/CXCR4 Signaling Maintains Stemness Signature in Mouse Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells by Shih-Yin Ho, Thai-Yen Ling, Hsing-Yu Lin, Jeffrey Tsai-Jui Liou, Fei-Chih Liu, I-Chun Chen, Sue-Wei Lee, Yu Hsu, Dar-Ming Lai, Horng-Huei Liou

“…Loss of SDF-1/CXCR4 signaling causes abnormal development of neural stem/progenitor cells (NSCs/NPCs) in the cerebellum, hippocampus, and cortex. However, the mechanism of SDF-1/CXCR4 axis in NSCs/NPCs regulation remains unknown. …”
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Investigating Brain Structure and Functional Alterations in the Transition from Acute to Chronic Neck Pain: A Resting-State fMRI Study by Gao Z, Cui MJ, Wang HJ, Zhang J, Xu C, Ji LX

“…Low-frequency amplitude measures revealed decreased activity in the left dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus and left postcentral gyrus, among other areas, and increased activity in the right middle frontal gyrus and the opercular part of the right inferior frontal gyrus.Conclusion: Our findings indicate that dysfunction and structural changes in the limbic system and prefrontal cortex may play a pivotal role in the progression from acute to chronic neck pain. …”
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Associations of Maternal Complaints to Levator Ani Muscle Trauma within 9 Months after Vaginal Birth: A Prospective Observational Cohort Study by N. Kimmich, J. Birri, A. Richter, R. Zimmermann, M. Kreft

“…Between 3/2017 and 4/2019, we prospectively evaluated vaginal births of 212 primiparous women with singletons in vertex presentation≥36+0 gestational weeks for levator ani muscle (LAM) trauma by translabial ultrasound, for pelvic organ prolapse by clinical examination, and for urogynecological complaints using questionnaires 1-4 days (P1), 6-10 weeks (P2), and 6-9 months (P3) after birth. …”
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Stem Cell Therapy for the Treatment of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Comparison of the Efficacy of Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Neural Stem Cells, and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells by Lauren Frawley, Noam Tomer Taylor, Olivia Sivills, Ella McPhillamy, Timothy Duy To, Yibo Wu, Beek Yoke Chin, Chiew Yen Wong

“…Background/Objectives: <i>Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis</i> (ALS), or Lou Gehrig’s disease, is a debilitating, incurable neurodegenerative disorder characterised by motor neuron death in the spinal cord, brainstem, and motor cortex. With an incidence rate of about 4.42 cases per 100,000 people annually, ALS severely impacts motor function and quality of life, causing progressive muscle atrophy, spasticity, paralysis, and eventually death. …”
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The Neurodevelopmental Dynamics of Multilingual Experience During Childhood: A Longitudinal Behavioral, Structural, and Functional MRI Study by Pasquale Anthony Della Rosa, Gerda Videsott, Virginia Maria Borsa, Eleonora Catricalà, Nicolò Pecco, Federica Alemanno, Matteo Canini, Andrea Falini, Rita Franceschini, Jubin Abutalebi

“…In this study, we investigated whether multilingual competence yields early changes in executive attention control mechanisms and their underlying neural structures in the frontal–striatal system, such as the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex/pre-supplemental area and the left caudate. …”
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Ultra high density imaging arrays in diffuse optical tomography for human brain mapping improve image quality and decoding performance by Zachary E. Markow, Jason W. Trobaugh, Edward J. Richter, Kalyan Tripathy, Sean M. Rafferty, Alexandra M. Svoboda, Mariel L. Schroeder, Tracy M. Burns-Yocum, Karla M. Bergonzi, Mark A. Chevillet, Emily M. Mugler, Adam T. Eggebrecht, Joseph P. Culver

“…Further, this system decoded visual stimulus position with 19–35% lower error than previous HD-DOT, throughout occipital cortex.…”
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Key regions aberrantly connected within cerebello-thalamo-cortical circuit and their genetic mechanism in schizophrenia: an fMRI meta-analysis and transcriptome study by Yarui Wei, Ziyu Wang, Kangkang Xue, Xiaoyu Niu, Longyao Ma, Shaoqiang Han, Baohong Wen, Yong Zhang, Huafu Chen, Jingliang Cheng

“…These genes were specially expressed in the brain tissue, in the neurons of the cerebellum, subcortex and cortex and during nearly all developmental stages, and constructed a protein-protein interaction network supported by 85 hub genes with functional significance. …”
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Xiao-Xu-Ming Decoction Reduced Mitophagy Activation and Improved Mitochondrial Function in Cerebral Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury by Rui Lan, Yong Zhang, Tao Wu, Yun-Zhi Ma, Bao-Qi Wang, Hai-Zhong Zheng, Ya-Na Li, Yan Wang, Chun-Qing Gu, Ji-Tao Wu

“…Ultrastructural features of mitochondria and mitophagy in the penumbra of the ischemic cortex were observed by transmission electron microscopy. …”
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Tyrosine hydroxylase of the brain and it’s regulation by glucocorticoids by E. V. Sukhareva, T. S. Kalinina, V. V. Bulygina, N. N. Dygalo

“…Moreover, our treatment led to increase in TH mRNA levels in 25- and 70-day-old animals, as well as an increase in enzyme activity in the brainstem and cerebral cortex of adult rats. The long-term changes in TH expression are limited by the perinatal period of development. …”
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The role of fMRI in the mind decoding process in adults: a systematic review by Sahal Alotaibi, Maher Mohammed Alotaibi, Faisal Saleh Alghamdi, Mishaal Abdullah Alshehri, Khaled Majed Bamusa, Ziyad Faiz Almalki, Sultan Alamri, Ahmad Joman Alghamdi, Mohammed Alhazmi, Hamid Osman, Mayeen U. Khandaker

“…Key brain regions involved include the superior temporal sulcus (STS), medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), and temporoparietal junction (TPJ), all crucial for mentalizing (understanding others’ mental states). …”
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Individual Differences in Behavioural Despair Predict Brain GSK-3beta Expression in Mice: The Power of a Modified Swim Test by Tatyana Strekalova, Nataliia Markova, Elena Shevtsova, Olga Zubareva, Anastassia Bakhmet, Harry M. Steinbusch, Sergey Bachurin, Klaus-Peter Lesch

“…Observed increases of GSK-3beta mRNA in prefrontal cortex during delayed testing session correlated with individual parameters of behavioural despair that was not found in the classic Porsolt test. …”
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Corticospinal Tract Wiring and Brain Lesion Characteristics in Unilateral Cerebral Palsy: Determinants of Upper Limb Motor and Sensory Function by Cristina Simon-Martinez, Ellen Jaspers, Lisa Mailleux, Els Ortibus, Katrijn Klingels, Nicole Wenderoth, Hilde Feys

“…Fifty-two participants with uCP (mean age (SD): 11 y and 3 m (3 y and 10 m)) underwent a single-pulse Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation session to determine CST wiring between the motor cortex and the more affected hand (n=17 contralateral, n=19 ipsilateral, and n=16 bilateral) and an MRI to determine lesion timing (n=34 periventricular (PV) lesion, n=18 corticosubcortical (CSC) lesion), location, and extent. …”
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Case report: Monitoring consciousness with fNIRS in a patient with prolonged reduced consciousness following hemorrhagic stroke undergoing adjunct taVNS therapy by Fei Gao, Likai Wang, Likai Wang, Zhan Wang, Yaru Tian, Jingyi Wu, Mengchun Wang, Litong Wang

“…The frontal-parietal were subdivided into 12 regions of interest (ROIs) and it was determined that the FC between the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and the left prefrontal ROIs was 0.06 ± 0.41 before the intervention and 0.55 ± 0.24 after the intervention. …”
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tDCS cranial nerve Co-stimulation: Unveiling brainstem pathways involved in trigeminal nerve direct current stimulation in rats by Alireza Majdi, Liyi Chen, Lars E. Larsen, Robrecht Raedt, Myles Mc Laughlin

“…Differential changes in tonic and phasic LC activity highlight their roles in TN-DCS effects on the cortex. This research offers insights to improve tDCS efficacy and understanding. …”
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