Clinical Comparison between HD-tDCS and tDCS for Improving Upper Limb Motor Function: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Sham-Controlled Trial by Yaqin Zeng, Ruidong Cheng, Li Zhang, Shan Fang, Shaomin Zhang, Minmin Wang, Qian Lv, Yunlan Dai, Xinyi Gong, Feng Liang

“…This study aimed to investigate whether high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS) of the primary motor cortex (M1) functional area in poststroke patients in the subacute phase is more effective in improving upper limb function than conventional tDCS. …”
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Diffusion MRI Findings in Encephalopathy Induced by Immunosuppressive Therapy after Liver Transplantation by Emanuele Tinelli, Nicoletta Locuratolo, Alberto Pierallini, Massimo Rossi, Francesco Fattapposta

“…At clinical onset, DWI showed hyperintensity of the temporo-parieto-occipital cortex with normal ADC values in the patient with following good clinical recovery and decreased values in the other one; in the latter case, MRI abnormalities were still present after ten days, until the patient’s exitus. …”
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Petroselinum crispum extract ameliorates scopolamine-induced cognitive dysfunction: role on apoptosis, inflammation and oxidative stress by Göksel Şener, Gözde Karakadıoglu, Dilek Ozbeyli, Seren Ede, Refiye Yanardag, Ozlem Sacan, Asli Aykac

“…Scopolamine reduced M1 receptor expression, Bcl-2/Bax ratio, and glutathione levels in the hippocampus and frontal cortex, while malondialdehyde levels, caspase-3/9 expressions, and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity were found to be increased. …”
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Expression of palmitoyl transferases in brain structures of mice genetically predisposed to depressive-like behavior by E. M. Kondaurova, T. V. Ilchibaeva, A. S. Tsybko, Е. G. Ponimaskin, V. S. Naumenko

“…One of them was visualized at 27 kDa in the frontal cortex and midbrain. The other, at 32 kDa in the hippocampus. …”
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Taking into account students' psychotypes and using their neuropsychological maps when implementing digital educational technologies within the Metaverse by Galiya Ldokova, Svetlana Frumina, Suad Abdalkareem Alwaely

“…It was revealed that learning using digital online technologies in the context of the Metaverse has a positive effect on the development of the mobility of neural processes, and cognitive and psychophysiological mechanisms, increases the involvement and motivation of students to acquire new knowledge, helps to normalize the balance between the psychophysiological processes of excitation and inhibition, activates the areas of the cerebral cortex responsible for will, emotions, self-awareness, motivation and communication, contributes to the development of communicative competence, critical thinking and creative potential of the student's personality. …”
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Boy’s love fans versus non-fans in the sexual identity and neural response in the digital age’s young females by Na Ao, Xiaowei Jiang, Yanan Chen, Feng Du, Yingying Chen, Huihui Niu, Shuoyan Hu, Minghui Wang

“…The research leads to the conclusion that long term exposed to Boys’ Love may decrease the reward sensitivity to BL stimuli and weakens the brain’s response of the right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (rVLPFC) to BL stimuli.…”
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Exploring cerebellar transcranial magnetic stimulation in post-stroke limb dysfunction rehabilitation: a narrative review by Zhan Wang, Likai Wang, Likai Wang, Fei Gao, Yongli Dai, Chunqiao Liu, Jingyi Wu, Mengchun Wang, Qinjie Yan, Yaning Chen, Chengbin Wang, Litong Wang

“…The role of the cerebellum in motor control, the theoretical underpinnings of cerebellar stimulation on motor cortex excitability, and the indirect effects on cognition and motor learning are explored. …”
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Immunohistochemistry for (Pro)renin Receptor in Humans by Satoshi Morimoto, Noriko Morishima, Daisuke Watanabe, Yoichiro Kato, Noriyuki Shibata, Atsuhiro Ichihara

“…It was observed in thyroid follicular epithelial cells, hepatic cells, pancreatic duct epithelial cells, zona glomerulosa and zona reticularis of the cortex and medulla of the adrenal gland, proximal and distal tubules and collecting ducts of the kidney, cardiomyocytes, and skeletal muscle cells. …”
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Decoding cortical folding patterns in marmosets using machine learning and large language model by Yue Wu, Xuesong Gao, Zhengliang Liu, Pengcheng Wang, Zihao Wu, Yiwei Li, Tuo Zhang, Tianming Liu, Tao Liu, Xiao Li

“…Macroscale neuroimaging results have revealed significant differences in the structural and functional connectivity patterns of gyri and sulci in the primate cerebral cortex. Despite these findings, understanding these differences at the molecular level has remained challenging. …”
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Abnormal Functional Connectivity of Ventral Anterior Insula in Asthmatic Patients with Depression by Yuqun Zhang, Yuan Yang, Rongrong Bian, Yingying Yin, Zhenghua Hou, Yingying Yue, Zhi Xu, Yonggui Yuan

“…In addition, compared with HCs, the DA and NDA patients both exhibited increased FC between the left vAI and the right anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), decreased FC between the left vAI and the bilateral parietal lobe, and increased FC between the right vAI and the left putamen and the right caudate, respectively. …”
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Effect of vasopressin on the expression of genes for key enzymes of interstitial hyaluronan turnover and concentration ability in WAG rat kidneys by L. N. Ivanova, A. V. Babina, G. S. Baturina, L. E. Katkova

“…The V2 receptor-selective vasopressin analog dDAVP (100 μg/kg bw, ip, twice a day for 2 days) induced a considerable decrease in Has2 mRNA content in the papilla with less pronounced changes in the cortex. In contrast to Has2, dDAVP treatment caused a significant increase in Hyal1 and Hyal2 mRNA content in the renal papilla. …”
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Neuroplastic Effects of Combined Computerized Physical and Cognitive Training in Elderly Individuals at Risk for Dementia: An eLORETA Controlled Study on Resting States by Charis Styliadis, Panagiotis Kartsidis, Evangelos Paraskevopoulos, Andreas A. Ioannides, Panagiotis D. Bamidis

“…A significant training effect was identified only after the combined training scheme: a decrease in the post- compared to pre-training activity of precuneus/posterior cingulate cortex in delta, theta, and beta bands. This effect was correlated to improvements in cognitive capacity as evaluated by MMSE scores. …”
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Identification of Two Novel Mutations of ABCD1 Gene in Pedigrees with X-Linked Adrenoleukodystrophy and Review of the Literature by Bingzi Dong, Wenshan Lv, Lili Xu, Yuhang Zhao, Xiaofang Sun, Zhongchao Wang, Bingfei Cheng, Zhengju Fu, Yangang Wang

“…The dysfunction of ALD protein, a peroxisomal ATP-binding cassette transporter, results in the excessive saturated very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) accumulation in organs including the brain, spine, and adrenal cortex. X-ALD is characterized as the childhood, adolescent, adult cerebral ALD, adrenomyeloneuropathy (AMN), adrenal insufficiency, and asymptomatic phenotypes, exhibiting a high variety of clinical neurological manifestations with or without adrenocortical insufficiency. …”
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Brain-wide activation involved in 15 mA transcranial alternating current stimulation in patients with first-episode major depressive disorder by Jie Wang, Qing Xue, Wenfeng Zhao, Huang Wang, Haixia Leng, Mao Peng, Xiukun Jin, Liucen Tan, Keming Gao, Hongxing Wang, Baoquan Min

“…Background Although 15 mA transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) has a therapeutic effect on depression, the activations of brain structures in humans accounting for this tACS configuration remain largely unknown.Aims To investigate which intracranial brain structures are engaged in the tACS at 77.5 Hz and 15 mA, delivered via the forehead and the mastoid electrodes in the human brain.Methods Actual human head models were built using the magnetic resonance imagings of eight outpatient volunteers with drug-naïve, first-episode major depressive disorder and then used to perform the electric field distributions with SimNIBS software.Results The electric field distributions of the sagittal, coronal and axial planes showed that the bilateral frontal lobes, bilateral temporal lobes, hippocampus, cingulate, hypothalamus, thalamus, amygdala, cerebellum and brainstem were visibly stimulated by the 15 mA tACS procedure.Conclusions Brain-wide activation, including the cortex, subcortical structures, cerebellum and brainstem, is involved in the 15 mA tACS intervention for first-episode major depressive disorder. …”
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The Plasticity of Brain Gray Matter and White Matter following Lower Limb Amputation by Guangyao Jiang, Xuntao Yin, Chuanming Li, Lei Li, Lu Zhao, Alan C. Evans, Tianzi Jiang, Jixiang Wu, Jian Wang

“…In amputees, a thinning trend was seen in the left premotor cortex (PMC). Smaller clusters were also noted in the visual-to-motor regions. …”
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The Short-Term Effects of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Electroencephalography in Children with Autism: A Randomized Crossover Controlled Trial by Anuwat Amatachaya, Mark P. Jensen, Niramol Patjanasoontorn, Narong Auvichayapat, Chanyut Suphakunpinyo, Suparerk Janjarasjitt, Niran Ngernyam, Benchaporn Aree-uea, Paradee Auvichayapat

“…Twenty male children with autism were randomly assigned in a crossover design to receive a single session of both active and sham tDCS stimulation (11 mA) over F3 (left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex). Pre- to postsession changes in a measure of cortical activity impacted by tDCS (PAF) and ATEC were compared between groups. …”
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Feasibility of Cognitive Training in Combination With Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in a Home-Based Context (TrainStim-Home): study protocol for a randomised controlled t... by Ulrike Grittner, Agnes Flöel, Rafal Nowak, Friederike Thams, Daria Antonenko, Merle Rocke, Robert Malinowski

“…Thirty healthy participants, aged 60–80 years, will receive 2 weeks of combined cognitive training and anodal tDCS over left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (target intervention), compared with cognitive training plus sham stimulation. …”
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Benefits of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) for Spastic Subjects: Clinical, Functional, and Biomechanical Parameters for Lower Limb and Walking in Five Hemipa... by Luc Terreaux, Raphael Gross, Fabien Leboeuf, Hubert Desal, Olivier Hamel, Jean Paul Nguyen, Chantal Pérot, Kévin Buffenoir

“…We conducted a prospective, randomized, double-blind crossover study on five spastic hemiparetic patients to determine whether this type of stimulation of the premotor cortex can provide a clinical benefit. Material and Methods. …”
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Acupuncture Induces Reduction in Limbic-Cortical Feedback of a Neuralgia Rat Model: A Dynamic Causal Modeling Study by Zhen-Zhen Ma, Ye-Chen Lu, Jia-Jia Wu, Xiang-Xin Xing, Xu-Yun Hua, Jian-Guang Xu

“…In both groups, DCM revealed that noxious stimuli were most likely driven by the somatosensory cortex, with bidirectional propagation with the hypothalamus and amygdala and the interactions in them. …”
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Sensorimotor Dysfunction Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction- an Afferent Perspective: A Scoping Review by Thilina N Vitharana, Enda King, Kieran Moran

“…The function of somatosensory and visual systems was assessed across both central processing (processing of information in the central cortex) and local processing (all other assessments outside of central processing of information)…”
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