Acute Psychological Stress Modulates the Expression of Enzymes Involved in the Kynurenine Pathway throughout Corticolimbic Circuits in Adult Male Rats by Haley A. Vecchiarelli, Chaitanya P. Gandhi, Matthew N. Hill

“…Herein, we examined the effects of an acute psychological stress (120 min restraint) on gene expression patterns of enzymes along the kynurenine pathway over a protracted time-course (1–24 h post-stress termination) within the amygdala, hippocampus, hypothalamus, and medial prefrontal cortex. Time-dependent changes in differential enzymes along the kynurenine metabolism pathway, particularly those involved in the production of quinolinic acid, were found within the amygdala, hypothalamus, and medial prefrontal cortex, with no changes seen in the hippocampus. …”
Get full text

Realistic mossy fiber input patterns to unipolar brush cells evoke a continuum of temporal responses comprised of components mediated by different glutamate receptors by Vincent Huson, Wade G Regehr

“…Unipolar brush cells (UBCs) are excitatory interneurons in the cerebellar cortex that receive mossy fiber (MF) inputs and excite granule cells. …”
Get full text

Radiographic localization of supernumerary teeth: a narrative review by Sreekanth Kumar Mallineni, Robert Prashanth Anthonappa, Jayakumar Jayaraman, Nigel Martyn King

“…Commonly used techniques for the localization of supernumerary teeth are the horizontal tube shift technique, vertical tube shift technique, vertex occlusal technique, and cone-beam computerized tomography.ConclusionThe most commonly used localization techniques for supernumerary teeth are horizontal tube shift, vertex occlusal, vertical tube shift, and cone-beam computerized tomography. …”
Get full text

Botulinum Toxin Suppression of CNS Network Activity In Vitro by Joseph J. Pancrazio, Kamakshi Gopal, Edward W. Keefer, Guenter W. Gross

“…Murine spinal cord and frontal cortex networks cultured on substrate integrated microelectrode arrays allowed monitoring of spontaneous spike and burst activity with exposure to BoNT serotype A (BoNT-A). …”
Get full text

Modulation of initial leftward bias in visual search by parietal tDCS. by Laurie Geers, Valérie Dormal, Mario Bonato, Yves Vandermeeren, Nicolas Masson, Michael Andres

“…Anodal stimulation was administered over the left parietal cortex for half of the participants and over the right parietal cortex for the other half. …”
Get full text

Characterization of Human-Induced Neural Stem Cells and Derivatives following Transplantation into the Central Nervous System of a Nonhuman Primate and Rats by Mengjia Li, Zhengbo Wang, Tianqi Zheng, Tianzhuang Huang, Baoguo Liu, Deqiang Han, Sumei Liu, Bochao Liu, Mo Li, Wei Si, Y. Alex Zhang, Yuyu Niu, Zhiguo Chen

“…Targeted integration of GFP does not affect the proliferation and differentiation capacity of iNSCs. iNSC-GFP can be further differentiated into dopaminergic precursors (DAPs) and motor neuron precursors (MNPs), respectively. iNSCs were engrafted into the motor cortex and iNSC-DAPs into the striatum and substantia nigra (SN) of a nonhuman primate, respectively. …”
Get full text

Antibacterial and quorum sensing regulatory activities of some traditional Eastern-European medicinal plants by Tolmacheva Anna A., Rogozhin Eugene A., Deryabin Dmitry G.

“…Finally, extract from Quercus robur cortex revealed at least two fractions, showing different anti-QS mechanisms. …”
Get full text

Evaluation of cortical limitation of the mandibular second molar distalization with cone beam computed tomography by CHENG Ye, ZENG Weihao, LI Huang, LEI Lang

“…Results Lingual distance and lingual distal distance of the root and bone cortex were the most limiting factors in value. The lingual distance was smaller in levels at the crown side than that in the apical level. …”
Get full text

The Modulation of Reward and Habit Systems by Acupuncture in Adolescents with Internet Addiction by Yang Wang, Yun Qin, Hui Li, Dezhong Yao, Bo Sun, Zhiliang Li, Xin Li, Yu Dai, Chao Wen, Lingrui Zhang, Chenchen Zhang, Tianmin Zhu, Cheng Luo

“…Compared with HCs, IA subjects exhibited enhanced rsFC of the right ventral rostral putamen (VRP) with the left orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), premotor cortex (PMC), cerebellum, and right ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC). …”
Get full text

The neural correlates of guilt highlight preclinical manifestations between bipolar and major depressive disorders by Yu-Chi Lo, Chenyi Chen, Yawei Cheng

“…Activation in the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC), pregenual anterior cingulate cortex (pgACC), and right inferior parietal lobule (IPL) was higher in BD-I than MDD subjects in response to ambiguous scenarios, whereas these were comparable to painful ones. …”
Get full text

Asymptotic -Algebras from -Actions on Higher Rank Graphs by Inhyeop Yi

“…For a dynamical system arising from -action on a higher rank graph with finite vertex set, we show that the semidirect product of the asymptotic equivalence relation groupoid is essentially principal if and only if the -graph satisfies the aperiodic condition. …”
Get full text

The theory and technique of asıf. part ii: treatment of various fractures using asıf on fixation of plates and screws by Zeki Oğurtan, Fahrettin Alkan

“…In this part II, application of lag screw technique (interfragmental compression) with cancellous and cortex screws, axial compression and neutralization plate fixations with decompression plate, along with schematic fixation of various fractures, using ASIF techniques in small animals, have been outlined lo guide the veterinary surgeons.…”
Get full text

On the Maximum SC Index of Chemical Unicyclic Graphs by Hui-Yan Cheng, Lei Chen, Sattar Alyar

“…The sum-connectivity SC index of a graph G is defined as SCG=∑μν∈EG1/Θμ+Θν, where Θμ denotes the vertex degree of μ in G. In this paper, the fourth largest value of SC index for the chemical unicyclic graphs of order n≥7 is determined.…”
Get full text

Function mechanism of turbulent eddy and process intensification of particle-bubble collision in fine mineral flotation by Xiaoheng LI, Hainan WANG, Kaixin ZHENG, Lijun WANG, Xiaokang YAN, Haijun ZHANG, Jiongtian LIU

“…Bubbles and particles achieve mineralization through shear collision. Based on this, the vortex construction methods for the high vorticity small-scale eddy fields such as shock flow and vortex generators have been proposed, which enable the turbulent eddy motion of flow field in flotation to effectively act on fine particles, improve the probability of collision between fine particles and bubbles, and reduce the lower limit of effective recovery particle size in flotation. …”
Get full text

Research Progress of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Therapy for Cognitive Impairment after Stroke by LIU Yuanchen, ZHANG Lixin

“…The tDCS treatment regimen for PSCI usually consists of a stimulation intensity of 1 to 2 mA applied to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex for 20 to 30 minutes. The stimulation site is usually the dorsolateral prefrontal lobe, but researchers have also confirmed the effectiveness of other stimulation sites, such as the bilateral M1 area and right parietal cortex. tDCS improves cognitive function by affecting neurotransmitters (such as calcium ions and γ-aminobutyric acid in astrocytes), the state of neurons, cerebral blood flow, and the connectivity of functional areas of the brain. tDCS not only produces an immediate boosting effect and an after-effect that is effective about 1 hour after stimulation, but also has long-term enhancement (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) effects. …”
Get full text

Crossmodal Recruitment of the Ventral Visual Stream in Congenital Blindness by Maurice Ptito, Isabelle Matteau, Arthur Zhi Wang, Olaf B. Paulson, Hartwig R. Siebner, Ron Kupers

“…Together with our previous findings, our data suggest that the segregation of the efferent projections of the primary visual cortex into a dorsal and ventral visual stream is preserved in individuals blind from birth.…”
Get full text

The Implementation of the Biopsychosocial Model: Individuals With Alcohol Use Disorder and Post‐Traumatic Stress Disorder by Fernando Hinostroza, Michele M. Mahr

“…Results Findings demonstrate that chronic PTSD is associated with progressive dysfunction in the amygdala, hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis, and white matter pathways. …”
Get full text

Neuroplasticity of Acupuncture for Stroke: An Evidence-Based Review of MRI by Jinhuan Zhang, Chunjian Lu, Xiaoxiong Wu, Dehui Nie, Haibo Yu

“…We found that acupuncture reorganizes not only motor-related network, including primary motor cortex (M1), premotor cortex, supplementary motor area (SMA), frontoparietal network (LFPN and RFPN), and sensorimotor network (SMN), as well as default mode network (aDMN and pDMN), but also language-related brain areas including inferior frontal gyrus frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes, as well as cognition-related brain regions. …”
Get full text

Effect of Functional Electrical Stimulation on Improving Upper Extremity Motor Function in Stroke Patients Revealed by fMRI:a Controlled Study by Fangfang ZHENG, Huihua LIU, Tiebin YAN, Xiaokun JIN, Xiaohui DUAN, Jun SHEN

“…While the stroke group received FES on the affected wrist extensors and thumb abductors, the control group accepted FES on the same muscles in the left hand, and wrist extension and thumb abduction were induced by FES.Simutaneously, fMRI scans were conducted and the whole brain functional images were recorded.SPM2 was used to analyze image, the brain activation maps were acquired during attempted motor tasks in both groups, the active intensity and range of sensorimotor cortex (SMC) between two groups were compared. Laterality indexes (LIs) were also calculated and the relationship of LIs and upper extremity function recovery was investigated.Results:Besides contralateral premotor cortex (PMC), inferior parietal lobule (IPL), cingulate motor area (CMA) and cerebellum (CRB), contralateral SMC was mainly activated by FES in control group. …”
Get full text

Mapping spreading depolarisations after traumatic brain injury: a pilot clinical study protocol by Anant Naik, Samuel W Cramer, Isabela Peña Pino, Danielle Carlson, Michael C Park, David P Darrow

“…Introduction Cortical spreading depolarisation (CSD) is characterised by a near-complete loss of the ionic membrane potential of cortical neurons and glia propagating across the cerebral cortex, which generates a transient suppression of spontaneous neuronal activity. …”
Get full text