High glucose promotes macrophage switching to the M1 phenotype via the downregulation of STAT-3 mediated autophagy. by Yu Zhao, Yuteng Jiang, Fengmei Wang, Li Sun, Mengyuan Ding, Liyuan Zhang, Beibei Wu, Xiaoliang Zhang

“…<h4>Aim</h4>Imbalanced M1/M2 macrophage phenotype activation is a key point in diabetic kidney disease (DKD). …”
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The availability of drugs for stable COPD treatment in China: a cross-sectional survey by Dongru Du, Xueru Hu, Qiunan Zuo, Dan Xu, Tao Zhu, Tao Fan, Jiao Yang, Weiguo Xu, Hailong Wei, Kangzhuo Baima, Ying Zhang, Yanhui Gu, Lei Chen, Fengming Luo, Yongchun Shen, Fuqiang Wen

“…Insufficient drug supply and imbalanced drug availability among different hospitals are major barriers that warrant further improvements.…”
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Assisted Parkinsonism Diagnosis Using Multimodal MRI—The Role of Clinical Insights by Tobias Meindl, Alexander Hapfelmeier, Tobias Mantel, Angela Jochim, Jonas Deppe, Silke Zwirner, Jan S. Kirschke, Yong Li, Bernhard Haslinger

“…Still, multinomial classification is hampered by imbalanced class frequencies. The most discriminatory variables were responsiveness to levodopa, vertical gaze palsy, and the volumes of subcortical structures, including the red nucleus. …”
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Accurate identification of snoRNA targets using variational graph autoencoder to advance the redevelopment of traditional medicines by Zhina Wang, Zhina Wang, Yangyuan Chen, Hongming Ma, Hongming Ma, Hong Gao, Hong Gao, Yangbin Zhu, Hongwu Wang, Nan Zhang, Nan Zhang

“…However, existing methods face challenges such as imbalanced datasets and the dominance of high-degree nodes in graph neural networks (GNNs), which compromise the accuracy of node representations. …”
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An Efficient CNN Model for COVID-19 Disease Detection Based on X-Ray Image Classification by Aijaz Ahmad Reshi, Furqan Rustam, Arif Mehmood, Abdulaziz Alhossan, Ziyad Alrabiah, Ajaz Ahmad, Hessa Alsuwailem, Gyu Sang Choi

“…To deal with these complexities such as the availability of a very-small-sized and imbalanced dataset with image-quality issues, the dataset has been preprocessed in different phases using different techniques to achieve an effective training dataset for the proposed CNN model to attain its best performance. …”
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A Spatio-Temporal Deep Learning Model for Automatic Arctic Sea Ice Classification with Sentinel-1 SAR Imagery by Li Zhao, Yufeng Zhou, Wei Zhong, Cheng Jin, Bo Liu, Fangzhao Li

“…However, sea ice classification faces two vital challenges: (1) it is difficult to distinguish sea ice types with close developmental stages solely from SAR images and (2) an imbalanced sea ice dataset has a significantly negative effect on ice classification model performance. …”
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ACTION: Augmentation and computation toolbox for brain network analysis with functional MRI by Yuqi Fang, Junhao Zhang, Linmin Wang, Qianqian Wang, Mingxia Liu

“…However, existing toolboxes seldom consider fMRI data augmentation, which is quite useful, especially in studies with limited or imbalanced data. Moreover, current studies usually focus on analyzing fMRI using conventional machine learning models that rely on human-engineered fMRI features, without investigating deep learning models that can automatically learn data-driven fMRI representations. …”
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Identification of Potential Biomarkers and Immune Features of Sepsis Using Bioinformatics Analysis by Fang-Chen Gong, Ran Ji, Yu-Ming Wang, Zhi-Tao Yang, Ying Chen, En-Qiang Mao, Er-Zhen Chen

“…This study revealed imbalanced immune responses at the transcriptomic level during early sepsis and identified nine genes as potential biomarkers for sepsis.…”
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SDRG-Net: Integrating multi-level color transformation encryption and ICNN-IRDO feature analysis for robust diabetic retinopathy diagnosis by Venkata Kotam Raju Poranki, B. Srinivasarao

“…Existing methods for DR grading often need more accuracy and efficiency due to challenges such as variations in image quality, subtle lesion features, and imbalanced datasets. Furthermore, existing DR grading methods have exhibited lower security properties due to the need for image encryption algorithms in the IoMT environment. …”
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Internal and external influences on role stereotype adherence and gender dynamics on engineering design teams by Anastasia M. Schauer, Jessie Liu, Christopher Saldaña, Katherine Fu

“…Abstract Background Even among women who persist in the gender-imbalanced engineering fields, women on engineering design teams tend to take on non-technical roles. …”
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Dissolved Gas Analysis for Fault Prediction in Power Transformers Using Machine Learning Techniques by Sahar R. Al-Sakini, Ghassan A. Bilal, Ahmed T. Sadiq, Wisam Abed Kattea Al-Maliki

“…One of the most favored methodologies for transformer fault diagnostics is based on dissolved gas analysis (DGA) techniques, including the Duval triangle method (DTM), the Doernenburg ratio method (DRM), and the Rogers ratio method (RRM), which are suitable for on-line diagnosis of transformers. The imbalanced, insufficient, and overlapping state of gas-decomposed DGA datasets, however, remains a limitation to the deployment of a powerful and accurate diagnosis approach. …”
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Venereal Diseases Treatment for Merauke’s Marind (Marind-Anim) Tribe in the Dutch Colonial Period by Rosmaida Sinaga, Hafnita Sari Dewi Lubis, Yushar Tanjung, Lister Eva Simangunsong

“…The results shows that the cause of the increasing number patients who had venereal disease in the Marind tribe, Merauke, was related to their traditional understanding which legalized free sex and deviant sexual activities in the Marind tribe. The imbalanced power relations between men and their wives and between men and adolescence men causing venereal diseases and sexual perversions in the Marind Tribe. …”
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Multiclass Supervised Learning Approach for SAR-COV2 Severity and Scope Prediction: SC2SSP Framework by Shaik Khasim Saheb, B. Narayanan, T.V. Narayana Rao

“…The model may also utilize preprocessing techniques which are Gaussian smoothing for handling imbalanced data, such as oversampling or under sampling, as well as feature extraction methods such as Local Binary Pattern to identify the most relevant input features for the prediction task. …”
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Specialty choice among final-year medical students and house officers in Nigeria: implications for anaesthesia practice – a cross-sectional study by Thankgod Chukwunnonso Okonkwo, Gbolahan Deji Olatunji, Victor Mayowa Adeleye, Mukaila Oyegbade Akinwale

“…Objectives Nigeria’s doctor shortage is worsening with mass exodus and imbalanced specialty distribution. Anaesthesia faces particularly critical shortages. …”
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How to Coordinate Urban Ecological Networks and Street Green Space Construction? Insights from a Multi-Scale Perspective by Shujun Hou, Ying Yu, Taeyeol Jung, Xin Han

“…Rapid socio-economic development and imbalanced ecosystem conservation have heightened the risk of species extinction, reduced urban climate adaptability, and threatened human health and well-being. …”
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Enhanced Fetal Arrhythmia Classification by Non-Invasive ECG Using Cross Domain Feature and Spatial Differences Windows Information by Gede Angga Pradipta, Putu Desiana Wulaning Ayu, Made Liandana, Dandy Pramana Hostiadi

“…Finally, we applied oversampling techniques to address the issue of imbalanced data. Based on the results of an in-depth experimental analysis, it was found that the application of window sampling for data expansion produced favorable outcomes, particularly at a window size of 500. …”
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Image-Based Detection and Classification of Malaria Parasites and Leukocytes with Quality Assessment of Romanowsky-Stained Blood Smears by Jhonathan Sora-Cardenas, Wendy M. Fong-Amaris, Cesar A. Salazar-Centeno, Alejandro Castañeda, Oscar D. Martínez-Bernal, Daniel R. Suárez, Carol Martínez

“…The F1-score—a metric balancing precision (correctly identified positives) and recall (correctly detected instances out of actual positives)—is especially valuable for assessing models on imbalanced datasets. In parasite stage classification, CNN achieved F1-scores of 85% for trophozoites, 88% for schizonts, and 83% for gametocytes. …”
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Effect of Huaier granule on prognosis of breast cancer: A single-center propensity score matching retrospective study by Qianqian Guo, Yuting Peng, Ge Zhang, Huan Lin, Qianjun Chen, Sihan Zhou, Xiuyuan Hao

“…Previous retrospective studies have reported its effectiveness in breast cancer patients, but the imbalanced baseline characteristics of participants could have biased the results. …”
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Synthetic Data Generation and Evaluation Techniques for Classifiers in Data Starved Medical Applications by Wan D. Bae, Shayma Alkobaisi, Matthew Horak, Siddheshwari Bankar, Sartaj Bhuvaji, Sungroul Kim, Choon-Sik Park

“…These results highlight the effectiveness of our technique in predicting asthma risk and their applicability to imbalanced, data-starved medical contexts.…”
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Informatics Consideration on the Hierarchical System of Rare Diseases Clinical Care in China by GONG Mengchun, GUO Yanying, ZHENG Xihong, FAN Junkang, LIU Peng, NIU Ling, YANG Yining, ZOU Xiaoguang

“…The diagnosis and treatment resources for rare diseases in China are highly imbalanced. The basic diagnosis and treatment capabilities are weak, the diagnosis period for patients is long, and the rates of missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis are relatively high. …”
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