Moving beyond post hoc explainable artificial intelligence: a perspective paper on lessons learned from dynamical climate modeling by R. J. O'Loughlin, D. Li, R. Neale, T. A. O'Brien, T. A. O'Brien

“…We propose three types of understanding as a basis to evaluate trust in dynamical and AI models alike: (1) instrumental understanding, which is obtained when a model has passed a functional test; (2) statistical understanding, obtained when researchers can make sense of the modeling results using statistical techniques to identify input–output relationships; and (3) component-level understanding, which refers to modelers' ability to point to specific model components or parts in the model architecture as the culprit for erratic model behaviors or as the crucial reason why the model functions well. …”
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The Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic on Female Patients Seeking or Undergoing Fertility Treatment in a Single In Vitro Fertilisation Clinic in Greece: An International,... by Konstantina Pappa, Emmanouil M. Xydias, Apostolos C. Ziogas, Kanelina Bimba, Elias Tsakos, Efstratios Kolibianakis

“…A P value lower than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. All analyses were conducted using the SPSS Statistics software. …”
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Modern contraceptive discontinuation and associated factors among adolescent girls and young women in Tanzania: An analysis of a nationally representative data by Victoria J Solomon, Shadrack E Kibona, Elevatus N Mukyanuzi, Christopher H Mbotwa

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Heat and mass transfer performance of power-law nanofluid flow with thermal radiation and joule heating aspects: Surface heat flux analysis by Mhamed Benaissa, Zia Ullah, A. Dahshan, Md Mahbub Alam, Khadijah M. Abualnaja, Hanaa Abu-Zinadah, Abdullah A. Faqihi, Nidhal Ben Khedher

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Comparative efficacy of clopidogrel-aspirin combination therapy versus aspirin monotherapy in preventing recurrent events in transient ischemic attack and minor stroke: a systemati... by Ahmad Mujtaba Bhutto, Rana Ali Raza, Mohammad Bilal Abbasi, Iman Jauhar, Naeemullah Arbani, Muhammad Mubashir, Abdul Raheem, Taha Basit Ameen, Syed Muhammad Sinaan Ali

“…Data were extracted on recurrent stroke, hemorrhagic stroke, myocardial infarction, all-cause mortality, and functional outcomes measured by the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Statistical analyses were conducted using relative risk (RR) and odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals, and heterogeneity was evaluated using I 2 statistics. …”
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Burnout in Healthcare Professionals during Covid-19 Crisis by Nasim Hajipoor Kashgsaray, Maryam Soleimanpour, Sina Behmanesh, Hassan Soleimanpour

“…As well, there was not a significant statistical difference in terms of work-related, patient-related, and overall burnouts between the two groups (P= 0.066), (P= 0.696), and (P= 0.108). …”
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Stress factors among physiotherapy students at a university in Gauteng, South Africa by Zander I. Collins, Chané Siepker, Kelebogile J. Ralehlaka, Boitshoko C. Molefe, Tiisetso C. Phala, Simphiwe A. Vilankulu, Makwena M. Sibuyi, Thembelihle S. Ntuli

“…The Cronbach alpha coefficients for each subscale were 0.99 for physical, 0.72 for interpersonal relationships, 0.85 for academic and 0.81 for environment. Statistical analysis was conducted using IBM Corp’s Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) Software version 25. …”
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Factors Influencing the Pregnancy Outcome of Intrauterine Insemination and Follow-Up Treatment by Xuan Huang, Qin Sun, Xu Tang, Meiling Li, Cheng Zhou, Xi Cheng, Bing Yao, Li Chen

“…P <0.05 was considered statistical significance. Results: There were statistically significant differences in female AMH, EMT and duration of OS between the two groups. …”
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Resilience Project Interventions and its Effect on Vulnerable Household’s Standards of Living in Uganda: An Empirical Evidence from USAID ICAN Project in Kigezi Sub-Region. by Sunday, Dismus

“…Data was analyzed using Stata software to determine descriptive statistics (mean, average, frequencies) and the relationship between variables using Chi-square whereas Inferential analysis for a two-sample test of proportions for livelihood, nutrition, and governance interventions as well as adoptions at baseline and end line of the project, was conducted to determine whether the difference or change created by the project was statistically significant. …”
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Development of the system for monitoring ambiental factors by applying Arduino platform by Mijailović Đorđe, Karabašević Darjan, Stanujkić Dragiša

“…Therefore, the paper aims to present the development and implementation of a system that connects the Arduino sensory components with functions for presenting data of ambient factors in the environment, both to display real-time factors and to generate statistics about environmental factors.…”
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Organizational climate and interpersonal relationships in helticare: A study of attitudes ane perceptions by Gavrilović Nikola, Momirović-Stojković Milena, Basara Nada, Lajko Nora

“…A standardized questionnaire collected demographic data, attitudes towards behavioral rules, and celebrating success. Descriptive statistics and significance testing were used for data analysis. …”
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Entrepreneurial Framework Conditions and Economic Growth: Insights from Middle-Income Economies by Frank Ranganai Matenda, Justin Chirima, Mabutho Sibanda

“…We have discovered that there are statistically significant positive correlations between GDP per capita and ‘entrepreneurial finance’ and ‘post-school entrepreneurial education and training’, and statistically significant negative correlations between GDP per capita and ‘taxes and bureaucracy’, ‘internal market openness’, and ‘physical and service infrastructure’. …”
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Predictive Value of Eosinophilia and Basophilia in the Diagnosis of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Premature Infants by Melek Buyukeren, Hasan Tolga Celik, Sule Yigit, Murat Yurdakok

“…According to the mixed effect model, after adjusting results for gestational age and birth weight there was a statistically significant difference between groups in terms of eosinophil and basophil values (p<0.05). …”
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Access of primary school students to information and communication technologies in Turkey by Ira Gözde Özenç, İra Nejat, Güngörc Şevket, Çakır Pınar, Aksu Ali

“…Besides, the research study was built on the statistical data published by the OECD, the Turkish Statistical Institute, and the Ministry of National Education, published official documents, news, and other literature materials related to the subject. …”
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Acute toxicity test and lethal dose (LD50) from a combination of sambiloto extracts (Andrographis paniculate) and catfish oil (Pangasius micronema Blkr.) in mice by Rinanda Al Rissa Rizki Hera, Meitasari Annisa Diyan, Sasongko Heru

“…The data was then tested using the Thompson-Weil method and statistical tests using the oneway ANOVA test and continued with the Tukey post hoc test. …”
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MODELLING ZERO-INFLATED OVER DISPERSED DENGUE DATA VIA ZERO-INFLATED POISSON INVERSE GAUSSIAN REGRESSION MODEL: A CASE STUDY OF BANGLADESH by Sukanta Chakraborty, Soma Chowdhury Biswas

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Effect Of Vitamin D Supplements In Improving Glycemic Control In Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus by Yusra Javaid, Roma Sikandar, Amreen Wasif

“…Results: The average alterations in HbA1c associated with initial Vitamin D levels of ≤ 40 nmol/L were 8.440 ± 1.787, subsequently reducing to 7.373 ± 1.093 after three months, demonstrating a statistically significant p-value of 0.000. Similarly, for individuals with initial Vitamin D levels > 40 nmol/L, the mean changes in HbA1c were 8.644 ± 1.928 initially, transforming to 7.551 ± 1.047 after three months, with a statistically significant p-value of 0.000. …”
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Combined Parental Thrombophilia Gene Mutation Defects in Couples with Repeated Pregnancy Loss by Mehdi Kashifard, Zahra Basirat, Fatemeh Ramezani, Faeze Ghofrani, Masoumeh Golsorkhtabaramiri

“…The frequencies of common defects associated with methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T and A1298C, factor V Leiden, protein C, protein S and homocysteine were analysed in these couples. Statistical analysis used: The data were statistically analysed using the Mann–Whitney test. …”
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Quantum features for a system of two qutrits in the presence of power-law potential field by Bahaaudin M. Raffah, K. Berrada, E.M. Khalil, S. Abdel-Khalek

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Prevalence and Associated Factors Related to Tobacco Consumption Among University Students in Malaysia by Chui Yi Chow, Md Zobaer Hasan, Anton Abdulbasah Kamil

“…In simple and multiple logistic regression analysis, being non-Malaysian, Indian, Muslim, year 4 student and having parents or siblings who used tobacco, all had statistically significant associations with the current use of tobacco (*p*\<0.05). …”
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