Effect of Vernonia amygdalina leaf meal on growth performance, intestinal mucosa activity, digestive enzymes, absorption capacity, and immunity in broiler chickens by B.M. Tokofai, B.M. Orounladji, K. Idoh, O.E. Oke, A. Agbonon

“…To determine immunoglobulins, glutathione and D-xylose, the supernatant was extracted and stored at -20 °C. Supplementation with VALM did not significantly influence the relative weights of organs in the different treatments. …”
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<i>In vitro</i> assay of biological activity of a national preparation of macrophage activating factor (GcMAF-RF) by E. V. Levites, S. S. Kirikovich, E. V. Dolgova, A. S. Proskurina, G. S. Ritter, А. A. Ostanin, E. R. Chernykh, S. S. Bogachev

“…The level of NO production was estimated by the accumulation of nitrogen monoxide in the culture supernatants of peritoneal macrophages by the colorimetric method using the Griess reagent. …”
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Rapid and Efficient Purification of Functional Collectin-12 and Its Opsonic Activity against Fungal Pathogens by Jie Zhang, Anna Li, Chang-qing Yang, Peter Garred, Ying Jie Ma

“…Recombinant CL-12 was purified from cell culture supernatants using a 3-step rapid purification procedure utilizing disposable affinity and ion exchange minicolumns. …”
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Functional Verification of Differentially Expressed Genes Following DENV2 Infection in <i>Aedes aegypti</i> by Xiaoli Chen, Xinyu Zhou, Xiaoxue Xie, Bo Li, Teng Zhao, Haotian Yu, Dan Xing, Jiahong Wu, Chunxiao Li

“…After overexpressing 24 DEGs in Aag2 cells, 19 DEGs showed a significant difference in DENV2 RNA copies in the cell supernatant (<i>p</i> < 0.05). In adult mosquitoes, knocking down defensin-A, defensin-A-like, and SMCT1 respectively reduced the DENV2 RNA copies, while knocking down UGT2B1 and ND4 respectively increased the DENV2 RNA copies. …”
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Tolterodine is a novel candidate for assessing CYP3A4 activity through metabolic volatiles to predict drug responses by Valentina Stock, Rebecca Hofer, Franziska Lochmann, Vera Spanke, Klaus R. Liedl, Jakob Troppmair, Thierry Langer, Hubert Gstach, Christian Dank, Chris A. Mayhew, Sarah Kammerer, Veronika Ruzsanyi

“…In vitro biotransformation of tolterodine by HepG2 cells overexpressing CYP3A4, CYP2D6 or CYP2C9 was investigated by LC-MS analysis of cell culture supernatant for the non-volatile metabolite, N-dealkylated tolterodine, and PTR-ToF-MS analysis of the headspace for acetone. …”
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Extreme Scale Height Variations and Nozzle Shocks in Warped Disks by Nicholas Kaaz, Yoram Lithwick, Matthew Liska, Alexander Tchekhovskoy

“…Accretion disks around both stellar-mass and supermassive black holes (BHs) are likely often warped. …”
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Upregulation of Cardiac IL-10 and Downregulation of IFN-γ in Balb/c IL-4−/− in Acute Chagasic Myocarditis due to Colombian Strain of Trypanosoma cruzi by Marcos Vinicius da Silva, Vera Lúcia de Almeida, Wendyson Duarte de Oliveira, Natália Carasek Matos Cascudo, Pollyana Guimarães de Oliveira, Crislaine Aparecida da Silva, Aline Cristina Souza da Silva, Maria Luíza Gonçalves dos Reis Monteiro, Rosana Rosa Miranda Correa, Milton Adriano Pelli Oliveira, Ruy de Sousa Lino-Júnior, Mara Rúbia Nunes Celes, Juliana Reis Machado

“…Subsequently, cytokines TNF-α, IL-12p70, IL-10, IFN-γ, and IL-17 were measured in the blood, culture supernatant, and heart apex by ELISA. The base of the heart was used for histopathological analysis. …”
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H-AMR FORGE’d in FIRE. I. Magnetic State Transitions, Jet Launching, and Radiative Emission in Super-Eddington, Highly Magnetized Quasar Disks Formed from Cosmological Initial Cond... by Nicholas Kaaz, Matthew Liska, Alexander Tchekhovskoy, Philip F. Hopkins, Jonatan Jacquemin-Ide

“…Quasars are powered by supermassive black hole (SMBH) accretion disks, yet standard thin disk models are inconsistent with many observations. …”
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IFN-γ/TNF-α Synergism Induces Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine and Chemokine Production by In Vitro Canine Keratinocytes by Kyungsook Jung, Ji-Yeong Ku, Je-Seong Kwon, Gayeon Won, Hakyoung Yoon, Sang-Ik Oh, Mi Hye Kim, Chongchan Kim, Ji-Seon Yoon

“…Canine progenitor epidermal keratinocytes (CPEKs) were incubated with canine recombinant IL-4, IL-13, an IL4/IL13 mixture, IFN-γ, TNF-α, or an IFN-γ/TNF-α mixture for 24 h following 100% confluency. Culture supernatants were analyzed for cytokine concentration, including chemokine ligand (CXCL) 8, IL-10, IL-6, IL-1ß, IL-12, and chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. …”
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Xiaoyao Pills Attenuate Inflammation and Nerve Injury Induced by Lipopolysaccharide in Hippocampal Neurons In Vitro by Yang Fang, Boyu Shi, Xiaobo Liu, Jie Luo, Zhili Rao, Rong Liu, Nan Zeng

“…Xiaoyao Pills significantly decreased the levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and IDO in cell supernatant and increased the expression of BDNF, NGF, TrkB, TrkA, CREB, p-CREB, p-CREB/CREB, and SYP as well as the average optical density of BrdU/NeuN double-labelled positive cells. …”
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Biological significance of soluble IL-2 receptor by Calogero Caruso, Giuseppina Candore, Diego Cigna, Antonio Tobia Colucci, Maria Assunta Modica

“…The sIL-2R has been shown to be present in the culture supernatants of activated MNCs as well as in normal sera and, in higher amounts, in sera from subjects affected by several diseases including neoplastic, infectious and autoimmune ones, and in sera from transplanted patients suffering allograft rejection. …”
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Nisin Z Production by Wild Strains of Lactococcus lactis Isolated from Brazilian (Italian Type) Fermented Sausage by Margarete Alice Fontes Saraiva, Dagim Jirata Birri, Dag Anders Brede, Maria Cristina Baracat-Pereira, Marisa Vieira de Queiroz, Ingolf F Nes, Célia Alencar de Moraes

“…Ion exchange and reversed-phase chromatographies were used to purify the bacteriocins from culture supernatant of the five strains. Mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/TOF) showed that the molecular masses of the bactericoins from L. lactis ID1.5, ID3.1, ID8.5, PD4.7, and PR3.1 were 3330.567 Da, 3330.514 Da, 3329.985 Da, 3329.561 Da, and 3329.591 Da, respectively. …”
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The transcription factor HMGB2 indirectly regulates APRIL expression and Gd-IgA1 production in patients with IgA nephropathy by Huijuan Tian, Yaling Zhai, Shuaigang Sun, Wenhui Zhang, Zhanzheng Zhao

“…The Gd-IgA1 concentration in the supernatant was reduced after HMGA1 knockdown. HMGA1 binding sites were predicted in the promoter region of the APRIL gene.Conclusion HMGB2 expression is greater in IgAN patients than in healthy controls; it promotes APRIL expression by interacting with HMGA1, thereby inducing Gd-IgA1 overexpression and leading to IgAN.…”
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Low-Dose Irradiation Differentially Impacts Macrophage Phenotype in Dependence of Fibroblast-Like Synoviocytes and Radiation Dose by Lisa Deloch, Jana Fuchs, Michael Rückert, Rainer Fietkau, Benjamin Frey, Udo S. Gaipl

“…For this, the bone marrow of hTNF-α tg mice was differentiated either with cytokines to obtain key macrophage phenotypes (M0, M1, and M2) or with supernatants (SN) of untreated or irradiated FLS. Flow cytometry analyses were used to analyse the impact of radiation (0.1, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 Gy) on the phenotype of macrophages in the presence or absence of SN of FLS. …”
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Examining the impact of probiotic Lactiplantibacillus pentosus 6MMI on inhibiting biofilm formation, adhesion, and virulence gene expression in Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19115 by Behrooz Alizadeh Behbahani, Mostafa Rahmati-Joneidabad, Morteza Taki

“…Treatment with cell-free supernatant (CFS) from Lpb. pentosus significantly reduced biofilm formation by 91.25 % and 24.50 % and diminished mature biofilm formation by 83.82 % and 21.80 % on L. monocytogenes. …”
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LR12 Promotes Liver Repair by Improving the Resolution of Inflammation and Liver Regeneration in Mice with Thioacetamide- (TAA-) Induced Acute Liver Failure by Yongjuan Wang, Xiaoli Xie, Hongqun Liu, Huimin Liu, Huiqing Jiang

“…Moreover, LR12 promoted hepatocyte regeneration in mice with TAA-induced ALF. In vitro, the supernatant from TAA+LR12-treated macrophages promoted the proliferation of LO2 cells. …”
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Colonic cytokines for severe ulcerative colitis by Ye. A. Konovich, K. Ye. Shirokikh, I. L. Khalif, M. V. Shapina

“…Cytokine concentration was evaluated in supernatant fluid after centrifugal separation of 10 mg biopsy specimen homogenate by the protein analyzer «Bio-Plex» («Bio-Rad», USA). …”
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Screening and Characteristics of Lactic Acid Bacteria from Cheese in Yili Area by Kai TANG, Yun WU, Xue WANG, Wenrui MA, Weilin CHEN, Zhenzhen ZHANG, Wenshu HUANG, Muying DU

“…The antioxidant tests in fermentation supernatants showed that the KT-2 and Pediococcus pentosaceus KT-8 strains exhibited the best free radical scavenging ability for DPPH (79.8%) and hydroxyl radical (96.8%), respectively. …”
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In vitro evaluation of the immunomodulatory and antibacterial activities of calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D3) as a potential application for aerobic vaginitis treatment - prel... by Anna Tomusiak-Plebanek, Grażyna Więcek, Edyta Golińska, Magdalena Strus

“…After 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h post-infection, culture supernatants were collected, and levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-1β were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). …”
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Pretreatment with AM1241 Enhances the Analgesic Effect of Intrathecally Administrated Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Junran Xie, Jinxuan Ren, Na Liu, Chengwei Wu, Dongju Xiao, Huanyu Luo, Jingxian Du

“…In an in vitro experiment, AM1241 could enhance the release of TGF-β1 in the supernatant of BMSCs after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) simulation. …”
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