Effect of Enamel Caries Lesion Baseline Severity on Fluoride Dose-Response by Frank Lippert

“…Increased demineralization times led to increased surface softening. The lesion severity×fluoride concentration interaction was significant (p<0.001). …”
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Deformation and Damping Characteristics of Lightweight Clay-EPS Soil under Cyclic Loading by Yundong Zhou, Mingdong Li, Qibao He, Kejun Wen

“…The dynamic secant elastic modulus of LCES decreased with the increase of dynamic strain, which was represented by strain softening. The dynamic modulus of clay decreased sharply, while that of LCES decreased marginally. …”
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Multiscale Laboratory Study and Numerical Analysis of Water-Weakening Effect on Shale by Zhen Li, Shangge Liu, Wentao Ren, Jinjin Fang, Qinghua Zhu, Zhilin Dun

“…For the uniaxial compression, tension, and triaxial compression, the softening coefficient could reach 0.38, 0.63, and 0.52, respectively. …”
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Membrane Treatment to Improve Water Recycling in an Italian Textile District by Francesca Tuci, Michele Allocca, Donatella Fibbi, Daniele Daddi, Riccardo Gori

“…Consequently, these companies utilize ion exchange resins for water softening. However, the regeneration of the resins results in an increased concentration of chlorides in the reclaimed wastewater that exceeds the limit set by Italian regulations for the reuse of water for irrigation purposes. …”
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Experimental Study on Damage Breakage Properties of Shaft Lining Concrete under Hydromechanical Coupling by Weipei Xue, Zhishu Yao, Wei Jing, Bin Tang, Gan Kong, Dezhu Xie

“…The damage evolution model shows that damage threshold of shaft lining concrete occurs earlier than that of ordinary concrete because of the influence of permeable water, and the damage development of the strain softening stage is particularly rapid.…”
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Quantitative Precursory Information of Weak Shocking Failures of Composite Soft Roof by Lihua Wang, Zenghui Zhao, Zhongxi Tian, Wei Sun

“…The main conclusions obtained are as follows: (1) as the elastic energy released at the postpeak failure stage of weak body contributes to system failures, the equivalent stiffness for system failures consists of the stiffness of strong body and the deterioration stiffness of weak body at softening stage; (2) during the loading process of the two-body system, isochronous sudden jumps of the deformation rate in either body can be regarded as the precursory information of weak impact failures; (3) the frequency of sudden jumps of deformation rate is significantly related to the stiffness, indicating that weak impact failures are readily observed in composite soft roof as stiffnesses of weakly consolidated soft rocks and coal seam are close to each other. …”
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From polymer matrix to cell structure: STG/TEMs/PU energy-absorbing foamed composites with strain rate-dependent and bimodal cellular structure by Xiaoke Liu, Kejing Yu, Pengwan Chen

“…Moreover, loading-unloading test analyses revealed that STG-reinforced foam and TEMs-reinforced foam exhibit distinct softening and hysteresis behaviors. This finding not only enhances our understanding of the mechanisms by which STG and TEMs operate in PU foams but also establishes a foundation for improving the performance of these materials under various extreme application conditions. …”
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Exploration of novel NSM methods to achieve stronger FRPs with minimal epoxy by Wei Sun, Handong Yan, Jianli Yin, Xinan Zhu, Tiejiong Lou, Haifeng Li

“…FRP models were developed to capture the softening behavior caused by slip. Cracking models that incorporated the tensile contributions of filler material and cracked concrete was proposed to describe the post-cracking behavior. …”
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Functional Epithelium Remodeling in Response to Applied Stress under In Vitro Conditions by Ivana Pajic-Lijakovic, Milan Milivojevic

“…Uncorrelated motility results in (1) decrease of the volume fraction of migrating cells, (2) change of their configuration, and (3) softening of multicellular surfaces.…”
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Performance of Rejuvenated Asphalt and Mixtures with Waste Engine Oil Bottom and Liquid Styrene-Butadiene Rubber by Gang Zhou, Yi Tian, Liang Gong, Zhansheng Pang, Tianquan Chen

“…The WEOB decreased the glass transition temperature and low-temperature performance grade of aged asphalt and resulted in a significant effect on the recovery of penetration and softening point of aged asphalt; however, the recovery of low-temperature ductility was inadequate. …”
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Application of Modified Hoek–Brown Strength Criterion in Water-Rich Soft Rock Tunnel by Xianghui Deng, Yuncai Wang, Rui Wang, Daohong Xia, Zhiqing Zhao

“…The water-rich disturbance factor considering the seepage influence of groundwater and blasting disturbance is proposed, and the generalized Hoek–Brown strength criterion is modified on the basis of the immersion softening test of soft rock. In accordance with the classical elastic–plastic mechanics theory, the stress, strain, and displacement calculation formulas of the tunnel surrounding rock are derived. …”
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Nonlinear analysis of reinforced concrete shells and the compressive membrane action on bridge deck slabs by Beatriz da Costa Fernandes, Jordlly Reydson de Barros Silva, Bernardo Horowitz

“…The reinforcements are evaluated using the Cracked Membrane Model (CMM), which considers the compression softening of concrete and the tension stiffening effects via the Tension Chord Model (TCM). …”
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An overview of the use of photocatalysis in the environmental control of textile effluent by Masiren Emyra Ezzaty, Ong Huei Ruey, Khan Md Maksudur Rahmad

“…A vast array of speciality chemicals, like as softeners, stain-releasing agents, saturating agents, fixing agents, and different organic dyes, are used in the textile industry. …”
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High-Temperature Superconductors and Related Compounds Studied by Mössbauer Spectroscopy by E. Kuzmann, Z. Homonnay, S. Nagy, M. Gál, A. Vértes

“…These anomalous changes were attributed to phonon softening and low-temperature phase transformation occurring around the superconducting transition. …”
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Effects of various manufacturing parameters and test temperature and crosshead displacement rate on the peel resistance of UHMWPE composites by Omar Banabila, Noora Alahmed, Rubayea Alameri, Rafael Santiago, Kamran A. Khan, Wesley J. Cantwell

“…Conversely, increasing the temperature led to a marked reduction in peel resistance due to softening of the matrix. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis revealed the primary failure mechanisms, including fiber pull-out, localized matrix ductility, and fiber fracture across all tested samples. …”
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Postharvest Treatments with Methyl Jasmonate and Salicylic Acid for Maintaining Physico-Chemical Characteristics and Sensory Quality Properties of Apricot Fruit during Cold Storage... by Ezzat Ahmed, Ammar Amin, Szabó Zoltán, Nyéki József, Holb Imre J.

“…Among physico-chemical characteristics, applications of 0.2 mmol/L methyl jasmonate and 2 mmol/L salicylic acid significantly reduced fruit weight loss, fruit softening and juice pH and maintained soluble solid content and acidity over the whole storage period. …”
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High-Temperature Tensile Fractography of Zr-, Ni-, and Mn-Containing Al-Si-Cu-Mg Cast Alloys by M. H. Abdelaziz, E. M. Elgallad, A. M. Samuel, H. W. Doty, F. H. Samuel

“…By increasing the stabilization time up to 200 hours, coarser and deeper dimples are formed, highlighting the increased ductility of the alloy due to the softening behavior associated with the prolonged exposure at 250°C. …”
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Cyclic Stress Response and Fracture Behaviors of Alloy 617 Base Metal and Weld Joints under LCF Loading by Seon Jin Kim, Rando Tungga Dewa, Woo Gon Kim, Min Hwan Kim

“…The cyclic stress response behavior of both base metal and weld joint specimens revealed initial cyclic hardening during first small number of cycles followed by progressive softening to failure. Higher strain amplitudes decreased the fatigue lives for both base metal and weld joint specimens; subsequently weld joint specimens had lower fatigue resistances relative to base metal specimens. …”
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Parametric Evaluation of Simultaneous Effects of Damaged Zone Parameters and Rock Strength Properties on GRC by Ali Ghorbani, Hadi Hasanzadehshooiili, Amin Eslami

“…In this study, a new, simple, and accurate method is proposed for prediction of GRC of circular tunnels constructed in the damaged, elastoplastic rock masses obeying softening in the plastic zone. The effects of deterioration caused by the drilling/blast in the EDZ were taken into account by assuming a reduced and varying Young’s modulus using the disturbance factor, in the form of Hoek–Brown failure criterion and the Geological Strength Index (GSI). …”
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Formation Mechanism of “Large-Area Sweating” Water Seepage from Deep Mine Sandstone Pores by Yanzhi Li, Weiguo Qiao, Yue Wu, Xungang Li, Shuai Zhang, Xiaoli Zhang

“…The results indicate that the process of “large-area sweating” seepage in deep mine sandstone can be divided into a matrix softening stage, a matrix erosion stage, and a “large-area sweating” water seepage formation stage. …”
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