The variational theory of fracture: diffuse cohesive energy and elastic-plastic rupture by Gianpietro Del Piero, Giovanni Lancioni, Riccardo March

“…A first local model is partially successful, but fails to reproduce the strain softening regime. A more robust non-local model, obtained by adding an energy term depending on the deformation gradient, describes many typical features of the inelastic response observed in experiments, including strain localization and necking. …”
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The variational theory of fracture: diffuse cohesive energy and elastic-plastic rupture by Gianpietro Del Piero, Giovanni Lancioni, Riccardo March

“…A first local model is partially successful, but fails to reproduce the strain softening regime. A more robust non-local model, obtained by adding an energy term depending on the deformation gradient, describes many typical features of the inelastic response observed in experiments, including strain localization and necking. …”
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Sensitivity Analysis of the Johnson-Cook Model for Ti-6Al-4V in Aeroengine Applications by Carlos Beecher, Héctor Sepúlveda, Angelo Oñate, Anne Marie Habraken, Laurent Duchêne, Gonzalo Pincheira, Víctor Tuninetti

“…The results indicate that the thermal softening coefficient (<i>m</i>) and the strain rate hardening coefficient (<i>C</i>) exhibit the most significant influence on the predicted casing damage, highlighting the importance of accurately characterizing these parameters. …”
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Study on Mechanical Properties of Gravelly Sand under Different Stress Paths by Dongjie Zhang, Fei Luo, Zhanyuan Zhu, Jiaming Liu, Jing Li, Bailin Li, Tianlang Xue

“…To describe the strain hardening and strain softening characteristics of gravelly sand in different stress paths, a new dilatancy equation was obtained by introducing the characteristic state stress ratio Mc into the dilatancy equation of the modified Cam-Clay model based on the state-dependent dilatancy theory. …”
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A physically-based formulation for texture evolution during dynamic recrystallization. A case study of ice by Chauve, Thomas, Montagnat, Maurine, Dansereau, Véronique, Saramito, Pierre, Fourteau, Kévin, Tommasi, Andréa

“…It correctly reproduces the texture evolution and mechanical softening observed in the experiment during tertiary creep. …”
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Simulation of the Flexural Response of Ultrahigh Performance Fiber-Reinforced Concrete with Lattice Fracture Model by Chunping Gu, Qiannan Wang, Wei Sun

“…Deviations occurred at the late stage of the strain-softening period. But both the strain-hardening behavior and multicracking phenomenon were observed in the simulation. …”
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Water Sensitivity and Structural Properties of Loess by Longfei Zhang, Zaiqiang Hu, Hongru Li, Haicheng She, Xiaoliang Wang, Xi Yang, Xiaoning Han

“…Results show that the collapsibility process of loess can be divided into three stages: wetting, softening, and settling. The collapsibility sensitivity of loess is determined primarily by its structural and hydraulic state.…”
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A Numerical Convolution Representation of Potential for a Disk Surface Density in 3D by Chien-Chang Yen

“…The advantage of this representation is to release the softening length for the N-body method and artificial boundary conditions for the spectral methods. …”
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Damage localization and rupture with gradient damage models by K. Pham, J.-J. Marigo

“…We propose a method of construction of non homogeneous solutions to the problem of traction ofa bar made of an elastic-damaging material whose softening behavior is regularized by a gradient damage model.We show that, for sufficiently long bars, localization arises on sets whose length is proportional to the materialinternal length and with a profile which is also characteristic of the material. …”
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EDUCATION SYSTEM IN PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA: STRUCTURE AND MAIN DIRECTIONS OF DEVELOPMENT by T. L. Guruleva

“…The paper highlights the main directions of education development in China on the 13th five-year period (2016-2020) such as: standardization of schools which carry out compulsory nine-year education, promoting of high school education of the senior step, development of inclusive kindergartens, development of cooperation between the enterprises and educational institutions, creation of world-class higher education institutions and the first-class science, development ofcontinuous education, further training ofteaching staff, education informatization, development of the international educational cooperation.…”
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EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF THE BEHAVIOR OF COLUMN BASE CONNECTIONS WITH CONCENTRICALLY WELDED ANCHOR RODS USING DIGITAL IMAGE CORRELATION METHOD by I. Karami, S.R. Mirghaderi, A.R. Ghiami Azad, M. Ali

“…Brittle failure was observed in the samples with high strength anchor rods at the softened heat affected zone (HAZ) in the anchor rods. …”
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Identifying the Thermal Storage Stability of Polymer-Modified Asphalt with Carbon Nanotubes Based on Its Macroperformance and Micromorphology by Xi-yin Liu, Peng Wang, Yu Lu, Tian-tao Zhang, Li-zhi Wang, Tong-fu Wang

“…Macroperformance included the softening point difference (△SP), irrecoverable compliance (Jnr), recovery rate (R%), and complex modulus (G∗) measured by the softening point test, multistress creep recovery (MSCR) test, and small strain oscillatory rheological test. …”
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Damage localization and rupture with gradient damage models by K. Pham, J.-J. Marigo

“…We propose a method of construction of non homogeneous solutions to the problem of traction of a bar made of an elastic-damaging material whose softening behavior is regularized by a gradient damage model. …”
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Menace II Society? Urban Poverty and Underclass Narratives in American Movies by Thomas Halper and Douglas Muzzio

“…During the silent and Depression eras, movies featured the urban poor prominently, but afterwards their role drastically shrunk and did not regain its place until the black underclass films of the 1990s, which, in a softened version of ‘60s radical critiques, redefined the deserving poor as rejecting the dominant socioeconomic system in favor of an often hedonistic rebellion. …”
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Sismabeton: a new frontier for ductile concrete by Bernardino Chiaia, Alessandro P. Fantilli, Paolo Vallini

“…The post-peak behaviour of these specimens is defined by a non-dimensional function that relates the inelastic displacement and the relative stress during softening. Both for NC and SC, the increase of the fracture toughness with the confinement stress is observed. …”
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Sismabeton: a new frontier for ductile concrete by Paolo Vallini, Alessandro P. Fantilli, Bernardino Chiaia

“…The post-peak behaviour of these specimens is defined by a non-dimensional function that relates the inelastic displacement and the relative stress during softening. Both for NC and SC, the increase of the fracture toughness with the confinement stress is observed. …”
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Optimization of Sound Transmission Loss through a Thin Functionally Graded Material Cylindrical Shell by Ali Nouri, Sohrab Astaraki

“…The maximizing of sound transmission loss (TL) across a functionally graded material (FGM) cylindrical shell has been conducted using a genetic algorithm (GA). To prevent the softening effect from occurring due to optimization, the objective function is modified based on the first resonant frequency. …”
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Study on Stability Control Measures for Large Deformation of Carbonaceous Slate at Diversion Tunnel of Guzeng Hydropower Station by GUO Yi, CHEN Yang, JIANG Yufei, YIN Ziwen, HU Tianming, ZHANG Jixun

“…Carbonaceous slate has the characteristics of weak rock mass and softening by water.When hydraulic tunnel construction is carried out in this type of rock mass with high crustal stress,large deformation of surrounding rock will occur in most cases.The control of large deformation is the key and difficult point to ensure no delay on construction period and long-term stable operation of the project.Combined with the condition of large deformation of carbonaceous slate at diversion tunnel of the Guzeng Hydropower Station,based on the analysis of large deformation mechanism of carbonaceous slate,and according to the geological phenomena and possible hydrogeological problems revealed by the site construction,this paper analyzes the support system of the tunnel section by combining numerical analysis and on-site monitoring,and puts forward reasonable support suggestions for reference by similar projects.…”
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A nonlinear concrete damaged plasticity model for simulation reinforced concrete structures using ABAQUS by Thanh Cuong-Le, Hoang-Le Minh, Thanh Sang-To

“…Especially, when cracks/crushings occurred in softening phase. Thus, It is important to find a damaged model of concrete with high reliability in the numerical simulation. …”
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Fecal Impaction in the Rectum and Rectosigmoid Colon Secondary to Sunflower Seed Ingestion by Alexander Lyons, Jamie Lee, Kristen Cares

“…A 35-month-old male who had eaten a bag of sunflower seeds initially presented to the emergency department (ED) with visible seeds in the anus and was discharged home with a stool softener after manual disimpaction. He then returned to the hospital 2 days later, and abdominal radiographs confirmed significant fecal material within the rectum and rectosigmoid colon. …”
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