Mechanical Behavior of Triaxial Geogrid Used for Reinforced Soil Structures by Jun Zhang, Wen-Zhao Cao, Yan-Jun Zhou

“…The interface friction between the soil and the geogrid develops in a progressive mode, and an elasto-plastic-softening characteristic is detected experimentally due to the extensibility of geogrid.…”
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Thermal deformation behaviors, mechanisms, and microstructure evolution of laminate CNT/2009Al composite by P.Y. Li, X.N. Li, K. Ma, Z.Y. Liu, B.L. Xiao, Z.Y. Ma

“…In addition, when the temperature was changed, the plastic deformation and softening mechanisms changed.…”
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Dynamic mechanical response and deformation-induced co-axial nanocrystalline grains facilitating crack formation in magnesium-yttrium alloy by Shuang Yang, Fei Liu, Fei Chen, Yuan-Biao Tan, Hao Fu, Si-Yuan Wei, Song Xiang

“…Contrary to crack initiation mechanism facilitated by adiabatic shear bands, we find that high-density co-axial nanocrystalline grains form near cracks, which leads to local softening and promotes crack initiation and rapid propagation. …”
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An Analytical Step-by-Step Procedure to Derive the Flexural Response of RC Sections in Compression by Piero Colajanni, Marinella Fossetti, Maurizio Papia

“…The constitutive laws of the materials include confinement effect on the concrete and postyielding behaviour of the steel reinforcement, which can be assumed to be softening behaviour for buckled reinforcing bars. The strength and curvature domains at the first yielding of the reinforcement in tension and at the ultimate state are derived in the form of analytical curves depending on the compression level; therefore, the role of a single parameter on the shape of these curves can easily be deduced. …”
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Influence of Crumb-Rubber in the Mechanical Response of Modified Portland Cement Concrete by J. Retama, A. G. Ayala

“…Results showed that the numerical methods provide good approximation of the experimental curve in the elastic and softening branches.…”
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Effects of Commercial Antioxidants on Aging Resistances of Asphalt Binders by Xijie An, Ying Gao, Zizhen Dong, Qinglin Guo, Lili Li, Yancang Li

“…The basic properties of modified asphalt before and after the rolling thin film oven test (RTFOT) are evaluated by penetration, softening point, ductility, and viscosity. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) test was applied to determine the antiaging mechanism of modified and unmodified asphalt. …”
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Deformation Localization and Damage Constitutive Model of Raw Coal and Briquette Coal under Uniaxial Compression by Lina Ge, Fu Yi, Changbo Du, Junxia Zhou, Zhenglong Cui, Tao Wang

“…The yield stage of briquette coal is more obvious, showing the characteristics of strain softening and a tensile failure mode. The progress of strain localization can well reflect the damage and destruction process of materials. …”
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Moving Bed Gasification of Low Rank Alaska Coal by Mandar Kulkarni, Rajive Ganguli

“…A nonslagging moving bed gasifier would have to be limited to an oxygen-coal ratio of 0.26 to operate below the ash softening temperature. Slagging moving bed gasifiers, not limited by operating temperature, could achieve carbon conversion efficiency of 99.5% at oxygen-coal ratio of 0.33. …”
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Differential impact from individual versus collective misinformation tagging on the diversity of Twitter (X) information engagement and mobility by Junsol Kim, Zhao Wang, Haohan Shi, Hsin-Keng Ling, James Evans

“…These unintended consequences were softened by a collective verification system for misinformation moderation. …”
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Synthesis and Characterization of a Biodegradable and Robust Film Using Gracilarialichenoides and Sargassumhorneri for Packaging Applications by Wan Young Cha, Chan Byon

“…A synthetic process including cleaning, drying, softening, pulping, and forming was developed. The microscopic morphology of the developed biodegradable film was similar to wood-based paper. …”
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Degradation of Interfacial Bond for FRPs Near-Surface Mounted to Concrete Under Fatigue: An Analytical Approach by Xun Wang, Lijuan Cheng

“…A trilinear local bond stress–slip relationship was adopted to characterize the fundamental bond behavior at the FRP-epoxy-concrete interface at different stages of elastic, softening and debonding. A series of post-fatigue direct pull-out tests (DPTs) of NSM FRP-bonded concrete blocks was conducted to provide the local bond degradation laws for the analytical model. …”
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Performance Characteristics of Silane Silica Modified Asphalt by Xuedong Guo, Mingzhi Sun, Wenting Dai, Shuang Chen

“…The best mixing amount of silane silica and the production process of modified asphalt were conducted by contrasting the test date as penetration, viscosity, and softening point; the aging of asphalt and modified asphalt was analyzed by TG test, the superiority of silane silica modified asphalt is more clearly understandable by chemical analysis results. …”
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Nonlinear Modeling and Identification of an Aluminum Honeycomb Panel with Multiple Bolts by Yongpeng Chu, Hao Wen, Ti Chen

“…The material properties of a thin layer are defined by a bilinear elastic plastic model, which can describe the energy dissipation and softening phenomena in the bolted joints under nonlinear states. …”
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Experimental Investigation into Limit Void Ratio Characteristics of Calcareous Sands considering Various Factors by Baojian Li, Gang Lei, Panpan Guo, Gaoyun Zhou, Zhe Wang, Xiaonan Gong

“…The dense sands present softening strength, whereas the loose sands exhibit hardening strength. …”
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The Establishment of Segmented Constitutive Relationship of Coal under Triaxial Compression: Take the No. 3 Coal of Xinhe Colliery as an Example by Yongjie Yang, Yang Zhang, Tianli Zhang

“…The constitutive relationship model of coal can be simplified as the four segments of straight line model of “elastic–plastic hardening–plastic softening–residual perfectly plastic.” Through fitting calculation of test data, the segmented constitutive equation of coal can be obtained, and the every segment span of strain.…”
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Study on Dynamic Behavior and Energy Dissipation of Rock considering Initial Damage Effect by Aihong Lu, Jinhai Xu, Yu Xia, Lei Sun

“…The test results show that the dynamic stress-strain curve of rock specimens with initial damage can be roughly divided into compaction stage, elastic deformation stage, crack evolution stage, and strain-softening stage; the higher the initial damage degree of rock mass, the more significant the compaction stage. …”
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Influence of Polyphosphoric Acid on the Consistency and Composition of Formulated Bitumen: Standard Characterization and NMR Insights by Catarina Varanda, Inês Portugal, Jorge Ribeiro, Artur M. S. Silva, Carlos M. Silva

“…Afterwards, the five components and the unmodified and PPA-modified bitumen were characterized by standard methods (penetration, softening point, and penetration index), SARA analysis, elemental analysis, and 31P and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. …”
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Experimental Study on the Tensile Properties of Rock-Mortar Interface under Different Strain Rates by Nan Wu, Zhende Zhu, Zhilei He

“…In this paper, an experimental study was carried out on a rock-mortar interface specimen under three different strain rates (10−6, 10−5, and 10−4  s−1) using the MTS322 electrohydraulic servo loading system, and a new constitutive relation function of fictitious crack model (FCM) according to the axial-stress-crack-width curves of the rock-mortar interface is established, because the traditional nonlinear softening function easily distorts, shakes, and so cannot describe the damage-evolution process of the rock-mortar interface accurately. …”
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Response Analysis of the Free Field under Fault Movements by H. L. Qu, Y. Wu, B. K. Zhang, Q. D. Hu, Z. L. Xiao

“…Combined with the secondary development program of the software, the application of the strain softening Mohr–Coulomb model in the simulation was realized. …”
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Effects of UV Aging on Physical Properties and Physicochemical Properties of ASA Polymer-Modified Asphalt by Xiaolong Sun, Qinyuan Peng, Yongqiang Zhu, Qian Chen, Junshen Yuan, Yunchu Zhu

“…The conventional properties (penetration, softening point, ductility, and Brookfield viscosity) of ASA polymer-modified asphalt were tested. …”
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