Unique ultrastructural organization of human rod photoreceptors by Tylor R. Lewis, Natalia V. Klementieva, Sebastien Phan, Carson M. Castillo, Keun-Young Kim, Lauren Y. Cao, Mark H. Ellisman, Vadim Y. Arshavsky, Oleg Alekseev

“…Abstract Rod and cone photoreceptor cells are specialized neurons responsible for transforming the information reaching the eyes in the form of photons into the language of neuronal activity. …”
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Cytogenomic Characterization of Giant Ring or Rod Marker Chromosome in Four Cases of Well-Differentiated and Dedifferentiated Liposarcoma by Hongyan Chai, Fang Xu, Autumn DiAdamo, Brittany Grommisch, Huanzhi Mao, Peining Li

“…The results revealed the characteristic giant ring (GR) or giant rod marker (GRM) chromosomes in all four cases and amplification of numerous somatic copy number alterations (SCNAs) involving a core segment of 12q14.1q15 and other chromosomal regions in three cases. …”
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Sagging Eye Syndrome or Nemaline Rod Myopathy? Divergence Insufficiency with Levator Dehiscence as an Overlapping Symptom between Two Diagnoses by Stephanie S. L. Cheung, Larissa K. Ghadiali, Thomas H. Brannagan III, Gul Moonis, Phyllis L. Faust, Jeffrey G. Odel

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Germ cell quantification in human fetal and prepubertal testis tissues: a comparison of current methodologies by Emma Kearney, David Greenald, Gabriele Matilionyte, Sheila Lane, Melissa D Tharmalingam, Jill Davies, Jan-Bernd Stukenborg, Grace Forsyth, Rod T Mitchell

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Reprogramming of Adult Retinal Müller Glial Cells into Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells as an Efficient Source of Retinal Cells by Amélie Slembrouck-Brec, Amélie Rodrigues, Oriane Rabesandratana, Giuliana Gagliardi, Céline Nanteau, Stéphane Fouquet, Gilles Thuret, Sacha Reichman, Gael Orieux, Olivier Goureau

“…The reprogramming of human somatic cells to induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has broad applications in regenerative medicine. …”
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Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals the heterogeneity and interactions of immune cells and Müller glia during zebrafish retina regeneration by Hui Xu, Lining Cao, Yuxi Chen, Cuiping Zhou, Jie Xu, Zhuolin Zhang, Xiangyu Li, Lihua Liu, Jianfeng Lu

“…However, how inflammation regulates Müller glia (MG) reprogramming remains unclear. Here, we used single-cell RNA sequencing to investigate the cell heterogeneity and interactions of MG and immune cells in the regenerating zebrafish retina. …”
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The role of neurotrophic factors in retinal ganglion cell resiliency by Alan K. Abraham, Alan K. Abraham, Michael Telias, Michael Telias

“…Many retinal diseases are characterized by direct or indirect retinal ganglion cell (RGC) neurodegeneration. In glaucoma and optic nerve neuropathies, RGCs are the primary affected cells, whereas in photoreceptor dystrophies, RGC loss is secondary to the death of rods and cones. …”
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Capacitance Measurements of Exocytosis From AII Amacrine Cells in Retinal Slices by Espen Hartveit, Margaret Veruki

“…Here, we provide a detailed, step-by-step protocol that describes how "Sine + DC" (direct current) capacitance measurements can quantify the exocytotic release of neurotransmitters from AII amacrine cells in rat retinal slices. The AII is an important inhibitory interneuron of the mammalian retina that plays an important role in integrating rod and cone pathway signals. …”
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Color Removal of Textile Wastewater Using Electrochemical Batch Recirculation Tubular Upflow Cell by Ammar A. Beddai, Basma Abdulhadi Badday, Atheer M. Al-Yaqoobi, Mohanad Kadhim Mejbel, Zainab S. Al Hachim, Mustafa K. A. Mohammed

“…In this regard, a new electrochemical system has been developed for the treatment of simulated dye solutions of permanent methylene blue dye by an electrochemical cyclic ring reactor. An aluminum rod and a stainless steel mesh were used as the anode and cathode. …”
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Pivotal roles of melanopsin containing retinal ganglion cells in pupillary light reflex in photopic conditions by Jeremy Matthew Bohl, Abdul Rhman Hassan, Zachary J. Sharpe, Megi Kola, Angela Shehu, Deborah Langrill Beaudoin, Tomomi Ichinose

“…The intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) in the retina are neurons that are critical to generating the PLR, receiving rod/cone photoreceptor signals and directly sensing light through melanopsin. …”
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Pleiotropic effects of mutant huntingtin on retinopathy in two mouse models of Huntington's disease by Hui Xu, Anakha Ajayan, Ralf Langen, Jeannie Chen

“…In addition, we present novel findings that mHTT disrupts cell polarity in the photoreceptor cell layer and the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). …”
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Correlation of precisely fabricated geometric characteristics of DNA-origami nanostructures with their cellular entry in human lens epithelial cells by Yexuan Guo, Tianze Xiong, Hong Yan, Rui Xue Zhang

“…Atomic force microscopy and agarose gel electrophoresis showed that four DONs self-assembled within 3.5h with up to 59% yield and exhibited structural intactness in cell culture medium for 4 h. Flow cytometry analysis of four Cy5-labelled DONs in hLECs HLE-B3 found time-dependent cellular uptake over 2 h, among which the octahedron and triangle had higher cellular accumulation than the rod and ring. …”
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Metal-Free Counter Electrode for Efficient Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells through High Surface Area and Large Porous Carbon by Pavuluri Srinivasu, Surya Prakash Singh, Ashraful Islam, Liyuan Han

“…Highly efficient, large mesoporous carbon is fabricated as a metal-free counter electrode for dye-sensitized solar cells. The mesoporous carbon shows very high energy conversion efficiency of 7.1% compared with activated carbon. …”
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Diagnosis of acquired immunodeficiency virus from a Cryptococcus meningoencephalitis. Case Presentation by María Odeymi Urdanivia Cruz, Idalmis D. Reyes Rod´ríguez, Jorge E. Barletta del Castillo

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Unusual Methylobacterium fujisawaense Infection in a Patient with Acute Leukaemia Undergoing Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: First Case Report by Rosa Fanci, Giampaolo Corti, Alessandro Bartoloni, Enrico Tortoli, Alessandro Mariottini, Patrizia Pecile

“…Microorganisms of the genus Methylobacterium are facultative methylotrophic, gram-negative rods that are ubiquitous in nature and rarely cause human disease, mostly in subjects with preexisting causes of immune depression. …”
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Newly developed EMF cell with zirconia solid electrolyte for measurement of low oxygen potentials in liquid Cu-Cr and Cu-Zr alloys by Katayama I., Tanigawa S., Živković D., Hattori Y., Yamashita H.

“…In order to measure the very low oxygen potential by use of stabilized zirconia solid electrolyte emf method, a new cell construction was devised. The idea was based on Janke but a zirconia rod was used instead of the zirconia crucible which contacts liquid alloy electrode. …”
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"Energetics of the outer retina II: Calculation of a spatio-temporal energy budget in retinal pigment epithelium and photoreceptor cells based on quantification of cellular process... by Christina Kiel, Stella Prins, Alexander J E Foss, Philip J Luthert

“…The predicted energy demands in a rod dominated (perifovea) area are 1.69 x 1013 ATP/s/mm2 tissue in the night and 6.53 x 1012 ATP/s/mm2 tissue during the day with indoor light conditions. …”
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Nanoparticle accumulation and penetration in 3D tumor models: the effect of size, shape, and surface charge by Pierre Cybulski, Maria Bravo, Maria Bravo, Jim Jui-Kai Chen, Indra Van Zundert, Sandra Krzyzowska, Farsai Taemaitree, Hiroshi Uji-i, Hiroshi Uji-i, Hiroshi Uji-i, Johan Hofkens, Johan Hofkens, Susana Rocha, Beatrice Fortuni

“…Spherical NPs outperformed rod-shaped NPs in tumor accumulation and penetration. …”
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A novel approach to digital characterisation of Tertiary Lymphoid Structures in colorectal cancer by Luis Munoz-Erazo, Luis Munoz-Erazo, Saem Mul Park, Saem Mul Park, Shelly Lin, Shelly Lin, Chun-Jen J. Chen, Chun-Jen J. Chen, Lisa Y. Y. Zhou, Lisa Y. Y. Zhou, Janet L. Rhodes, Janet L. Rhodes, Taesung Jeon, Sonya Fenton, John L. McCall, Roslyn A. Kemp, Roslyn A. Kemp, P. Rod Dunbar, P. Rod Dunbar

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Glucose-Sensing Carbohydrate Response Element-Binding Protein in the Pathogenesis of Diabetic Retinopathy by Christopher R. Starr, Assylbek Zhylkibayev, Oleg Gorbatyuk, Alli M. Nuotio-Antar, James Mobley, Maria B. Grant, Marina Gorbatyuk

“…The retinal proteomic landscape revealed a decline in the KEGG pathways associated with phototransduction, amino acid metabolism, and cell adhesion. Furthermore, rod-specific caChREBP induced TXNIP expression. …”
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