Steroids In caRdiac Surgery (SIRS) trial: acute kidney injury substudy protocol of an international randomised controlled trial by Michael Walsh, Salim Yusuf, Chirag Parikh, Jessica Vincent, P J Devereaux, Francois Lamontagne, Matthew T V Chan, Richard Whitlock, Meaghan Cuerden, Amit X Garg, Andre Lamy, Daniel I Sessler, Kevin Teoh, Ainslie Hildebrand, Yunxia Zuo, Pallav Shah, Seyed Hesameddin Abbasi, Mackenzie Quantz, Jean-Pierre Yared, Nicolas Noiseux, Georgios Tagarakis, Antoine Rochon, Janice Pogue, Abbas Salehiomran

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Can primary care research be conducted more efficiently using routinely reported practice-level data: a cluster randomised controlled trial conducted in England? by Jeremy Horwood, Alastair D Hay, Patricia Jane Lucas, Clare Clement, Peter S Blair, Jodi Taylor, Christie Cabral, Martin C Gulliford, Jenny Ingram, Padraig Dixon, Nick Francis, Athene Lane, Grace Young, Elizabeth Beech, Penny Seume, Scott Bevan, Sam T Creavin

“…By using aggregate level, routinely collected data for the coprimary outcomes, we removed the need to recruit individual participants.Setting Primary care.Participants Baseline data from general practitioner practices and interviews with individuals from Clinical Research Networks (CRNs) in England who helped recruit practices and Clinical Commission Groups (CCGs) who collected outcome data.Intervention The intervention included: (1) explicit elicitation of parental concerns, (2) a prognostic algorithm to identify children at low risk of hospitalisation and (3) provision of a printout for carers including safety-netting advice.Coprimary outcomes For 0–9 years old—(1) Dispensing data for amoxicillin and macrolide antibiotics and (2) hospital admission rate for RTI.Results We recruited 294 of the intended 310 practices (95%) representing 336 496 registered 0–9 years old (5% of all 0–9 years old children). …”
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Designing smartphone-based cognitive assessments for schizophrenia: Perspectives from a multisite study by Aishwarya Raje, Abhijit R. Rozatkar, Urvakhsh Meherwan Mehta, Ritu Shrivastava, Ameya Bondre, Manaal Amir Ahmad, Anshika Malviya, Yogendra Sen, Deepak Tugnawat, Anant Bhan, Tamonud Modak, Nabagata Das, Srilakshmi Nagendra, Erlend Lane, Juan Castillo, John A. Naslund, John Torous, Soumya Choudhary

“…Inductive thematic analysis was used to analyze data. Results: Participants found the app and its proposed cognitive assessments to be acceptable, helpful, and easy to use. …”
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Prevalence of hypertension in Shenzhen, China: a population-based, cross-sectional study by Ke Peng, Ji Peng, Yirong Wang, Weicong Cai, Lin Lei, Rencheng Zhao, Fangjiang Liu, Kaihao Lin, Fengzhu Xie

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Unraveling the association and regulatory role of miR-146b-5p in coronary artery disease by Xiaozhu Ma, Shuai Mei, Yi He, Qidamugai Wuyun, Li Zhou, Ziyang Cai, Qiushi Luo, Yi Wen, Jiangtao Yan

“…We found that miR-146b-5p was significantly increased in PBMCs of patients with CAD compared with the control group. …”
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Physical health in young males and risk of chronic musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, and respiratory diseases by middle age: A population-based cohort study. by Aleksandra Turkiewicz, Karin Magnusson, Simon Timpka, Ali Kiadaliri, Andrea Dell'Isola, Martin Englund

“…Exposures of interest were physical health: body mass and height, blood pressure, pulse at rest, muscle strength, cardiorespiratory fitness, and hematocrit; self-reported lifestyle: smoking, alcohol, and drug use; self-reported health: overall, headache and gastrointestinal. We followed the participants through the Swedish National Patient Register for incidence of common musculoskeletal (osteoarthritis, back pain, shoulder lesions, joint pain, myalgia), cardiovascular (ischemic heart disease, atrial fibrillation), and respiratory diseases (asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, bronchitis). …”
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Exploration of the Immune-Related Signatures and Immune Infiltration Analysis in Melanoma by Ai-lan Li, Yong-mei Zhu, Lai-qiang Gao, Shu-yue Wei, Ming-tao Wang, Qiang Ma, You-you Zheng, Jian-hua Li, Qing-feng Wang

“…The Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used to estimate immune infiltration density in the two groups, and results showed that the high-risk group exhibited a lower infiltration density, and the dominant immune cells included M0 macrophages (P=0.023) and activated mast cells (P=0.005).…”
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Characteristics of nursing homes and early preventive measures associated with risk of infection from COVID-19 in Lazio region, Italy: a retrospective case–control study by Leonardo Palombi, Alessio Abbondanzieri, Stefano Orlando, Tuba Mazhari, Gennaro Cerone, Fausto Ciccacci, Giuseppe Liotta, Sandro Mancinelli, Maria Cristina Marazzi

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Association of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio with severe abdominal aortic calcification: new evidence from the United States by Hao Deng, Mengmeng Sun, Zhentong Zhao, Kun Fan, Zizhang Zhao, Yifan Chi, Wei Sheng

“…Compared with the lowest NLR group [quartile 1 (Q1), <1.64], the adjusted odds ratio values for NLR and SAAC in Q3 (>2.34) were 1.42 (95% confidence interval: 1.02–1.96, p = 0.037), respectively. …”
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Clinical code usage in UK general practice: a cohort study exploring 18 conditions over 14 years by Christos Grigoroglou, Darren M Ashcroft, Evangelos Kontopantelis, David Reeves, Salwa S Zghebi, Rosa Parisi, Brian McMillan

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Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP) a Tool to Assess Changes in Cardiovascular Disease Risk Post Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy by Eman Al Shawaf, Ebaa Al-Ozairi, Fahad Al-Asfar, Anwar Mohammad, Shaima Al-Beloushi, Sriraman Devarajan, Fahd Al-Mulla, Jehad Abubaker, Hossein Arefanian

“…We compared baseline, 6- and 12-month post-LSG score of AIP, vascular age, circulating biochemical markers related to CVD in two groups of BMI and age-matched morbid-obese participants with and without T2D. …”
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Effectiveness of women-led community interventions in improving tuberculosis preventive treatment in children: results from a comparative, before–after study in Ethiopia by Jacob Creswell, Degu Jerene, Ahmed Bedru, Dawit Assefa, Kalkidan Tesfaye, Samuel Bayu, Samuel Seid, Fikirte Aberra, Amera Khan

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Identifying key signs of motor neurone disease in primary care: a nested case–control study using the QResearch database by Aleksandar Radunović, Carol Coupland, Julia Hippisley-Cox, Christopher J McDermott, Tom A Ranger, Judith Burchardt, Xue W Mei

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Does macrolide use confer risk of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest compared with penicillin V? A Danish national case-crossover and case–time–control study by Lars Køber, Freddy Lippert, Charlotte Andersson, Peter E Weeke, Gunnar H Gislason, Frederik Boetius Hertz, Aksel Jensen, Jenny D Knudsen, Magnus Arpi, Christian Torp–Pedersen

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Eligibility for faricimab in a real-world diabetic macular oedema population: a cross-sectional study by Helena Norberg, Inger Westborg, Ayat Al-Najjar

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Risk of residual/recurrent cervical diseases in HPV-positive women post-conization depends on HPV integration status by Wenyu Lin, Yuxuan Huang, Yan Zhang, Lixiang Huang, Hongning Cai, Guanxiang Huang, Ye Li, Qiaoyu Zhang, Huifeng Xue, Binhua Dong, Pengming Sun

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Knowledge, attitude and practice regarding screening and managing diabetic microvascular complications among general practitioners of community health centres: a cross-sectional st... by Hua Yang, Jian Gao, Ying Yu, Cuiling Huang, Chengdian Lan, Zhangyan Chen

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Characteristics and outcomes of women using emergency medical services for third-trimester pregnancy-related problems in India: a prospective observational study by Jennifer A Newberry, Corey B Bills, Elizabeth A Pirrotta, Matthew C Strehlow, G V Ramana Rao, Hyeyoun (Elise) Min, Ann E Evensen, Lawrence Leeman, S V Mahadevan

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Prevalence of diabetes-related sarcopenia and its defining components within primary care: A cross-sectional study by Rubén Silva-Tinoco, Lilia Castillo-Martínez, Berenice Cabrera-Victoria, Eileen Guzmán-Olvera, Christian Hinojosa-Segura, Alejandro Avalos-Bracho, Cira Santillán-Díaz

“…Assessments followed the guidelines of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older Adults (EWGSOP2) to identify isolated low muscle mass, low muscle strength, and sarcopenia or severe sarcopenia Results: The mean age of the participants (57.1 % female) was 51.1 ± 12.1 years, with a median diabetes duration of 7 (1–15) years. …”
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Preferences and access to community-based HIV testing sites among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Côte d’Ivoire by Christine Danel, Joseph Larmarange, Lazare Sika, Maxime Inghels, Arsène Kra Kouassi, Serge Niangoran, Anne Bekelynck, Séverine Carilon, Mariatou Koné, Annabel Degrées du Loû

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