Communication and leader-member exchange by Gill Price, Louise Bezuidenhout

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Neuroblastoma Soft Tissue Metastasis in a 10-Month-Old Infant with a Right Thigh Mass by Shokouh Taghipour Zahir, Fateme Salemi

“…It may originate from any part of the sympathetic nervous system, but it most commonly arises from the paraspinal sympathetic ganglia in the abdomen or mediastinum. Local lymphadenopathy and distant metastasis to the central nervous system, orbit, and liver might be detected; however, it rarely includes soft tissue or musculoskeletal involvement. …”
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Mucosal Herpes Immunity and Immunopathology to Ocular and Genital Herpes Simplex Virus Infections by Aziz Alami Chentoufi, Lbachir BenMohamed

“…Primary mucocutaneous infection with HSV-1 & HSV-2 is followed by a lifelong viral latency in the sensory ganglia. In the majority of cases, herpes infections are clinically asymptomatic. …”
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Targeting Histone Deacetylases: A Novel Approach in Parkinson’s Disease by Sorabh Sharma, Rajeev Taliyan

“…In general, the clinical manifestations of PD result from dysfunction of the basal ganglia. Although the exact underlying mechanisms leading to neural cell death in this disease remains unknown, the genetic causes are often established. …”
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Chronic Lymphocytic Inflammation with Pontine Perivascular Enhancement Responsive to Steroids, with Cranial and Caudal Extension by Mahmood Mubasher, Aseel Sukik, Ahmed Hassan El Beltagi, Ali Rahil

“…MRI examination of the brain and spinal cord showed evidence of faint bright signal intensity foci in T2/FLAIR involving bilateral cerebral hemispheres, subcortical deep white matter, bilateral thalami, posterior pons and left brachium pontis, and basal ganglia, with small nodular enhancement that aligned along curvilinear structures; those lesions also were apparent along the spinal cord at multiple levels. …”
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Anti-HSV-1 agents: an update by Wenwen Lv, Lei Zhou, Jia Wu, Jishuai Cheng, Yongzhong Duan, Wen Qian

“…HSV-1 is well known for its lytic infections at the primary sites and for establishing latency in the sensory neuronal ganglia, with occasional recurrent infections. To date, there are no approved commercially available vaccines, and anti-HSV-1 drugs such as specific or non-specific nucleotide (nucleoside) analogs and helicase-primase inhibitors have become the main clinical agents for the treatment of HSV-1 infections despite challenges from resistance. …”
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Corticostriatal Plastic Changes in Experimental L-DOPA-Induced Dyskinesia by Veronica Ghiglieri, Vincenza Bagetta, Valentina Pendolino, Barbara Picconi, Paolo Calabresi

“…Here we provide an overview of recent findings that represent a further step into the comprehension of mechanisms underlying maladaptive changes of basal ganglia functions in response to L-DOPA and associated to development of LID.…”
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Growth Rate Analysis of an Untreated Glomus Vagale on MRI by Jeffrey Tzu-Yu Wang, Allen Yu-Yu Wang, Sheila Cheng, Lavier Gomes, Melville Da Cruz

“…Paraganglioma involving the vagus nerve ganglia is termed glomus vagale. The slow growth of head and neck paragangliomas especially in the absence of symptom may obviate the necessity for any active intervention, in which case, a “wait and scan” policy is implemented involving long-term clinical and radiologic follow-ups. …”
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Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis and Hydrocephalus in a Vegan Secondary to Acquired Hyperhomocystinaemia by W. D. D. Priyankara, A.V. I. Chandimal, F. G. Sivagnanam, E. M. Manoj

“…He was found to have widespread cerebral venous sinus thrombosis, hyperintensities in basal ganglia, and acute hydrocephalus in magnetic resonance imaging, necessitating cerebrospinal fluid diversion, by way of an external ventricular drain and therapeutic anticoagulation. …”
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Septic Embolic Stroke Followed by Hemorrhage and Brain Abscess in a Patient with Systemic Infections: A Case Report and Literature Review by Jama A. Mohamud, Jingtao Wu, Ye Jing, Yu Wang

“…His initial intracranial radiographic findings were normal but three days later MRI scan of the brain revealed well-defined rounded cystic lesion on the T2-weighted and T1-weighted images in the right basal ganglia; the lesion presented an area of diffusion restriction on DWI; lately the lesion was confirmed to be an early stage of cerebral abscess. …”
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Brain magnetic resonance imaging findings in Mitochondrial Neurogastrointestinal Encephalomyopathy (MNGIE): A case-based review by Maria Veatriki Christodoulou, MD, MSc, Nikoletta Anagnostou, MD, MSc, Anastasia K. Zikou, MD, PhD

“…Brain MRI revealed lesions in the cerebral deep white matter and the pons, with sparing of the subcortical U-fibers and the cerebral cortex and no apparent involvement of the cerebellum, basal ganglia, and thalamus. A literature review led to the identification of 72 additional cases with MNGIE that underwent brain MRI. …”
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Prevalence, incidence and determinants of QuantiFERONTM positivity in South African schoolchildren by J. Stewart, N. Walker, K. Jennings, C. Delport, J Nuttall, A.K. Coussens, R Dyers, D.A. Jolliffe, J.C.Y. Tang, W.D. Fraser, R.J. Wilkinson, L.-G. Bekker, A.R. Martineau, K. Middelkoop

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Teachers’ perceptions of interprofessional collaboration in higher education: Contributions to a framework by Atle Ødegård, Jon Strype, Susanne Lindqvist, Frøydis Vasset, Elisabeth Willumsen, Hans Petter Iversen, Petter Laake, Synnøve Hofseth Almås

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New Area Studies as an Epistemological Framework: Some Reflections of Knowledge Production and Positionality by Marianela Barrios Aquino

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Sleep Promotion by 3-Hydroxy-4-Iminobutyric Acid in Walnut Diaphragma juglandis Fructus by Jian Ji, Yongli Ye, Lina Sheng, Jiadi Sun, Qianqian Hong, Chang Liu, Jun Ding, Shuxiang Geng, Deping Xu, Yinzhi Zhang, Xiulan Sun

“…Subsequently, a metabolomics approach of the serum, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, and hippocampus as well as the gut microbiota was undertaken to unravel the underlying molecular mechanisms of sleep promotion. …”
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Focal hand dystonia due to hemorrhage of the cervical spinal mass: a case report by Pelin Analay, Hazal Sevinç, Hilmi Berkan Abacıoğlu, Rahşan Göçmen, Bayram Kaymak, Levent Özçakar

“…Although dystonia is traditionally considered a disorder of the basal ganglia, it has been observed in association with lesions at various sites of the motor and sensory pathways, including spinal cord pathologies such as syringomyelia, tumors, and demyelinating lesions. …”
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Prevention of Cerebral Embolism Progression by Emergency Surgery of the Left Atrial Myxoma by Syuichi Tetsuka, Kunihiko Ikeguchi

“…Hyperintense areas in the left basal ganglia, corona radiata, and cortex of the temporal lobe were found by brain diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging, indicating acute cerebral infarction. …”
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A Cognitive-Behavioral Model of Apathy in Parkinson’s Disease by Olivia Plant, Annika Kienast, Daniel S. Drew, Elitsa D. Slavkova, Kinan Muhammed, Helen Kennerley, Masud Husain

“…Emerging lines of evidence conceptualize apathy as a reduction of motivation associated with disordered effort-based decision-making and dysfunction of distinct neural circuitry between the basal ganglia and medial prefrontal cortex. Here, we introduce a novel cognitive-behavioral framework that can inform a clinician’s conceptualization and treatment of apathy, using cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) techniques. …”
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Globus Pallidus Internus Deep Brain Stimulation for Disabling Diabetic Hemiballism/Hemichorea by Byung-chul Son, Jin-gyu Choi, Hak-cheol Ko

“…Unilateral hemichorea/hemiballism (HH) associated with contralateral neuroimaging abnormalities of the basal ganglia, which is characterized by T1 hyperintensity on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and is secondary to diabetic nonketotic hyperglycemia, is a rare and unique complication of poorly controlled diabetes mellitus (DM). …”
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The Neurobiological Pathogenesis of Poststroke Depression by Chao Feng, Min Fang, Xue-Yuan Liu

“…Abundant studies suggested that large lesions in critical areas such as left frontal lobe and basal ganglia or accumulation of silent cerebral lesions might interrupt the pathways of monoamines or relevant pathways of mood control, thus leading to depression. …”
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