Characterization of Pulmonary Vein Dimensions Using High-Definition 64-Slice Computed Tomography prior to Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation by Catherine Gebhard, Nazmi Krasniqi, Barbara E. Stähli, Bernd Klaeser, Tobias A. Fuchs, Jelena R. Ghadri, Laurent Haegeli, Thomas F. Lüscher, Philipp A. Kaufmann, Firat Duru

“…PV ostial diameter and volume were measured and calculated using a semiautomatic calliper tool. Total ostial PV volume was significantly increased in patients with AFib as compared to controls (P<0.005). …”
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Investigating the effects of alkalization on mechanical properties of enset fibers using digital image correlation technique by Abebayehu Abdela, Bart Buffel, Belete Sirahbizu, Frederik Desplentere

“…This research introduces a novel method for calculating diameter by taking into account the lignocellulose structure and hydrophilicity of the fiber. …”
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A comparative analysis of sphenoid and frontal sinuses using cone beam computed tomography for sex determination by Junaid Ahmed, Namrata, Nanditha Sujir, Nandita Shenoy, Srikant Natarajan, Archana Muralidharan, Ashwin C. Shetty

“…Intra- and interobserver reliability were calculated. Independent t tests were used to compare the various parameters between sexes. …”
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Saprotrophic Wood Decay Ability and Plant Cell Wall Degrading Enzyme System of the White Rot Fungus <i>Crucibulum laeve</i>: Secretome, Metabolome and Genome Investigations by Alexander V. Shabaev, Olga S. Savinova, Konstantin V. Moiseenko, Olga A. Glazunova, Tatyana V. Fedorova

“…The proportion of monosaccharides and polyols in the total pool of identified compounds increased on the sawdust-containing media. …”
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Determination of Ischemia Onset Based on Automatically Generated Spectralis SD-OCT Values in Acute Central Retinal Artery Occlusion by Maria Casagrande, Robert Kromer, Daniel A. Wenzel, Sven Poli, Martin S. Spitzer, Vasyl Druchkiv, Maximilian Schultheiss, Spyridon Dimopoulos

“…All patients received a Spectralis SD-OCT image of both eyes. The RRTI was calculated for the ETDRS sectors using the Segmentation Module for Single Retinal Layer Analysis. …”
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Concordance between Immunohistochemistry and Microarray Gene Expression Profiling for Estrogen Receptor, Progesterone Receptor, and HER2 Receptor Statuses in Breast Cancer Patients... by Ghina B. Fakhri, Reem S. Akel, Maya K. Khalil, Deborah A. Mukherji, Fouad I. Boulos, Arafat H. Tfayli

“…Concordance rates, agreement measures, and kappa scores were calculated for both methods. Results. For ER, Kappa score was 0.918 (95% CI, 0.77.3–1.000) and concordance rate was 97.5% (95% CI, 91.4%–99.7%). …”
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Additives in foods marketed to children in Uruguay, an emerging Latin American country by Florencia Alcaire, Ana Giménez, Gastón Ares

“…The prevalence of food additive disclosure was calculated. Of the 7,343 products included in the database, 573 (7.8%) were classified as marketed to children. …”
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Representing unsegmented vessels using available vascular data for bioheat transfer simulation by Rohan Amare, Amir A. Bahadori, Amir A. Bahadori, Steven Eckels, Steven Eckels

“…This results in a loss of information that could have been modeled if these vessels were segmented and modeled distinctly from the capillary bed.MethodsThis paper focuses on developing mathematical equations to calculate the flow resistance of unsegmented vasculature with reference to flow resistance of available segmented vascular data. …”
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Factors governing $${\rm H}_{3}^{+}$$ H 3 + formation from methyl halogens and pseudohalogens by Jacob Stamm, Swati S. Priyadarsini, Shawn Sandhu, Arnab Chakraborty, Jun Shen, Sung Kwon, Jesse Sandhu, Clayton Wicka, Arshad Mehmood, Benjamin G. Levine, Piotr Piecuch, Marcos Dantus

“…These measurements, combined with double-ionization-potential equation-of-motion coupled-cluster ab initio calculations used to determine the geometries and energetics of CH3X2+ dications, are employed to identify the key factors governing the formation of $${\rm H}_{3}^{+}$$ H 3 + in certain doubly ionized CH3X species and its absence in others. …”
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Inflammation mediates the association between muscle mass and accelerated phenotypic aging: results from the NHANES 2011–2018 by Shifu Bao, Shifu Bao, Weibu Jimu, Weibu Jimu, Nai Mu, Fang Yan, Shuxing Xing, Tao Li, Zheng Zhou

“…Phenotypic Age Acceleration (PhenoAgeAccel) was calculated as the residuals from regressing PhenoAge on chronological age. …”
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Correlation of artificial neural network and multi-attribute transformation: a test case to predict the effective porosity of Cretaceous sandstones of the Sembar Formation, southea... by Furqan Aftab, Furqan Aftab, Furqan Aftab, Furqan Aftab, Mohammad Zafar, Muhammad Iqbal Hajana, John H. Shaw

“…Five volume-based seismic attributes are sequentially calculated through forward stepwise regression and cross-validated for inter-well porosity prediction. …”
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Bioactive Steroids with Structural Diversity from the South China Sea Soft Coral <i>Lobophytum</i> sp. and Sponge <i>Xestospongia</i> sp. by Lin-Mao Ke, Zi-Ru Zhang, Song-Wei Li, Yan-Bo Zeng, Ming-Zhi Su, Yue-Wei Guo

“…The structures of these compounds were determined by extensive spectroscopic analysis, the time-dependent density functional theory–electronic circular dichroism (TDDFT-ECD) calculation method, and comparison with the spectral data previously reported in the literature. …”
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Evaluating the antagonist effect of naltrexone implant via opioid challenge tests with escalating doses of hydromorphone injection in former heroin dependent patients by Wei Qu, Xuyi Wang, Chongyang Dong, Tao Zhang, Shugui Yin, Zhijun Sun, Shiqiang Wang, Anni Guo, Wei Hao

“…All subjects exhibited significant antagonistic effects during hydromorphone challenge test. Calculation of slope between VAS score or pupil diameter and hydromorphone dose suggested a stronger antagonistic effect in the 1.5 g group. …”
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Identification of genetic variants of the IL18R1 gene in association with COPD susceptibility by Jiaoyuan Xu, Meilan Xian, Linhui Huang, Yamei Zheng, Lei Zhang, Jie Zhao, Jie Chen, Siguang Li, Lingsang Lin, Yi Zhong, Zehua Yang, Haihong Wu, Tian Xie, Yipeng Ding

“…Multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) software was applied to calculate the interaction of SNP-SNP on COPD risk.Results IL18R1 rs9807989 (OR = 0.42, p < .001), rs3771166 (OR = 0.40, p < .001) and rs6543124 (OR = 0.44, p < .001) were associated with the reduced COPD risk, while rs2287037 (OR = 2.71, p < .001) and rs2058622 (OR = 2.06, p < .001) might be the risk-increasing factor for COPD occurrence in both the overall analysis and subgroup analysis (age, gender, drinking, and smoking). …”
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Shear Mechanical Behaviours and Multistrength Parameter Characteristics of Fault Gouge by Han Bao, Qun Qi, Hengxing Lan, Changgen Yan, Wei Xu, Xin Liu, Langping Li

“…The functions obtained from the relation of residual strength, peak strength, and normal stress can be used to calculate shear strength parameters under any normal stresses. …”
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Phenomenon and Critical Conditions of Chamber Soil Sliming during EPB Shield Tunneling in Water-Rich Weathered Diorite: Case Study of Jinan Metro, China by Lu Wang, Wei Zhu, Yongjin Qian, Chao Xu, Jiannan Hu, Huitang Xing

“…As a solution to this problem, a calculation model was established based on field measurements of the discharged soil properties, the seepage water volume, and the seepage path in Jinan Metro, China. …”
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Enhancing mechanical properties of (HfMoNbZrTa)1-xNx films through multi-phase structures in substoichiometric compositions by Yiming Ruan, Jigang Xie, Lin He, Fugui Zhang, Jie Shi, Hengning Hu, Yun Chen, Rui Shu, Liuquan Yang, Hao Du

“…The strengthening mechanism was elucidated through density functional theory (DFT) calculations, which suggest that higher H of the substoichiometric film is mainly associated with the increased local lattice distortion and the formation of a multi-phase structure.…”
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Footcare knowledge and practice among diabetic patients attending primary health care centers in Jazan region, Saudi Arabia by Gasem Darraj, Mohammed Somaili, Samy Shaban, Mohammed Jahlan, Abdulaziz Darraj, Banan Ahmed, Gasem Mojamamy, Mohammed Darraj, Hesham Dahlan, Ahmad Alqassim

“…Descriptive statistics were calculated for study variables, and the Pearson chi‐squared test was used to compare categorical data. …”
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A comparative study on energy use and environmental impacts in various greenhouse models for vegetable cultivation by Hadi Saadi, Molood Behnia, Morteza Taki, Ali Kaab

“…The energy efficiency for each crop and greenhouse type was also calculated. The study found that Quonset greenhouses had higher energy consumption compared to Tunnel greenhouses, with cucumber crops showing the highest energy consumption. …”
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Spin-down of Solar-mass Protostars in Magnetospheric Accretion Paradigm by Shinsuke Takasao, Masanobu Kunitomo, Takeru K. Suzuki, Kazunari Iwasaki, Kengo Tomida

“…With a particular focus on the propeller regime for solar-mass stars, we propose a new picture of stellar spin-down based on our recent 3D magnetohydrodynamic simulation and stellar evolution calculation. We show that failed magnetospheric winds, unique to 3D models, significantly reduce the spin-up accretion torque, which make it easier for the star to spin-down. …”
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