Exploring the mechanisms that underpin an effective community first aid response: a rapid realist review  by Claire Maynard, Laura Sims, Matthew Booker

“…Understanding the underlying mechanisms of effective CFA interventions can help optimise their design, delivery and evaluation.  Methods We conducted a rapid realist review to explore how CFA interventions work, for whom, and in what settings. …”
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N-Acetylcysteine and Other Sulfur-Donors as a Preventative and Adjunct Therapy for COVID-19 by Heidi N du Preez, Colleen Aldous, Hendrik G Kruger, Lin Johnson

“…NAC is not only a precursor to glutathione but also converts to hydrogen sulfide, inorganic sulfate, taurine, Coenzyme A, and albumin. By optimising inorganic sulfate availability, and therefore sulfation, it is proposed that COVID-19 can be prevented or at least most of the symptoms attenuated. …”
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Revolutionizing Diabetic Retinopathy Screening: Integrating AI-Based Retinal Imaging in Primary Care by Dean Beals, Lesley Simon, Faith Rogers, Stan Pogroszewski

“…While AI adoption in healthcare presents challenges, its potential benefits in improving patient care and optimising resources are significant. Integrating AI-based DR screening with a comprehensive education and process improvement initiative in primary care practices warrants serious consideration, promising to enhance patient outcomes.…”
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Attitudes and practices of exercise among pregnant mothers in Singapore by Yin Ru Tan, Kok Hian Tan, Fei Dai, Hak Koon Tan, Lay Kok Tan

“…More can be done to promote the uptake of exercise in pregnancy and optimise metabolic management of pregnant women in Singapore.…”
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Negative Ion Beam Emittance Calculations by M. Turek, P. Węgierek

“…Computer simulations are commonly used to support design and optimisation of powerful negative ion sources for the needs of future thermonuclear reactors like e. g. …”
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Effect of physiochemical parameters on yield and biological efficiency of Volvariella volvacea cultivated on empty fruit bunch pellets by Nur Fariha Amir, Aslizah Mohd-Aris, Tuan Norhafizah Tuan-Zakaria, Noor Azrimi Umor, Azhar Mohamad, Nornadiah Mohd Razali, Farida Zuraina Mohd Yusof, Sumaiyah Abdullah

“…According to the results, the culture medium with a mixture of EFB substrate and black soil showed the highest BE percentage of 17.75 % (at optimised substrate weights = 2 kg). Conclusion: The results of this study can be used as a reference for further studies to improve the cultivation of V. volvacea, especially when EFB fibres are used as the main substrate. …”
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CyberUnits Bricks: An Implementation Study of a Class Library for Simulating Nonlinear Biological Feedback Loops by Johannes W. Dietrich, Nina Siegmar, Jonas R. Hojjati, Oliver Gardt, Bernhard O. Boehm

“…CyberUnits Bricks is available as open-source software that has been optimised for Embarcadero Delphi and the Lazarus IDE for Free Pascal.…”
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High-quality instant black tea manufactured using fresh tea leaves by two-stage submerged enzymatic processing by Junhao Kong, Xiufang Yang, Xiaobo Zuo, Xiaoqin Su, Bing Hu, Xinle Liang

“…The changes of aroma profiles and chemical constituents including theaflavins (TFs), thearubigins (TRs), theabrownines (TBs) and TRs/TFs ratio in converted tea brews under two-stage enzyme catalyzed fermentation and extraction conditions were further compared between different treatments, based on which the optimised conditions were determined. During the two-stage enzymatic processing, 75 kinds of volatile compounds were identified in all processed samples, and the contents of TFs, TRs, TBs and TRs/TFs ratio could be optimized by adjusting different procedures and parameters. …”
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Compatibility of Whole Wheat-Based Composite Flour in the Development of Functional Foods by Amani Weerarathna, Matara Arahchige Jagath Wansapala

“…The application of composite flours in the food industry is an important milestone that maximises the use of indigenous crops while optimising the product quality, nutritional value, organoleptic properties and consumer acceptance. …”
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Self-Administered Information Sharing Framework Using Bioinspired Mechanisms by Huibo Bi, Yanyan Chen, Wen-Long Shang, Chengcheng Song, Wenbo Huang

“…Hence, this paper concentrates on optimising the behaviours of data packets and significant parameters in a widely tested routing protocol, namely, Cognitive Packet Network (CPN), with the aid of several bio-inspired algorithms to increase the efficiency of energy usage and information acquisition. …”
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Narrative review of comprehensive management strategies for diabetic retinopathy: interdisciplinary approaches and future perspectives by Zhijie Li, Xiaoting Pei

“…In addition, this article highlights the critical role of interdisciplinary teamwork in optimising the comprehensive management of DR, involving close collaboration among physicians, researchers, patient education specialists and policy-makers, as well as the importance of implementing these innovative solutions through societal engagement and policy support. …”
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A nonrevisiting genetic algorithm based on multi-region guided search strategy by Qijun Wang, Chunxin Sang, Haiping Ma, Chao Wang

“…However, the search efficiency of nonrevisiting genetic algorithms is currently low for some complex optimisation problems. This study proposes a nonrevisiting genetic algorithm with a multi-region guided search to improve the search efficiency. …”
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Snow effects on brash ice and level ice growth by Vasiola Zhaka, Robert Bridges, Kaj Riska, Jonny Nilimaa, Andrzej Cwirzen

“…Accurate prediction of brash ice thickness plays an important role in addressing operational challenges and optimisation of ice management strategies. This study enhances existing brash ice growth models by considering the effects of snow and accounting for brash ice expulsion towards the sides of ship channels at each passage. …”
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Characterising the change rule of freshness and inorganic anions in reconstituted tobacco pulp with oscillation time by Huayu Li, Shaohui Yan, Hongtao Xu, Xiaoyu Li, Runan Wang, Ying Yan, Pengyu Li, Litao Zhang, Yanqing Wang, Mengmeng Zu, Yibo Wang

“…The selection of isovaleric acid and nitrate ion as the characteristic components of tobacco reconstituted pulp for monitoring can provide technology for optimising pulp retention time and production process.…”
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Discovery of novel biphenyl compounds bearing hydroxamic acid moiety as the first PD-L1/class I HDACs dual inhibitors by Dandan Yuan, Yali Gao, Lin Xia, Han Liu, Xingye Wu, Xueyan Ding, Yudan Huang, Changchun Deng, Jin Li, Wenqi Dai, Jieqing Liu, Junjie Ma

“…Our results suggest that compounds 14 and 22 can be served as lead compounds of PD-L1/class I HDACs dual inhibitors for further optimisation.…”
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IUPHAR themed review: The gut microbiome in schizophrenia by Srinivas Kamath, Elysia Sokolenko, Kate Collins, Nicole S.L. Chan, Natalie Mills, Scott R. Clark, Francine Z. Marques, Paul Joyce

“…Such a fundamental shift in proposing microbiome-informed psychotropic prescriptions to optimise therapeutic efficacy and reduce adverse metabolic impacts would align antipsychotic treatments with microbiome safety, prioritising 'gut-neutral' or gut-favourable drugs to safeguard long-term patient outcomes in schizophrenia therapy.…”
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Reaction of potato varieties to treatment with nitrogen-fixing bacteria and mycorrhizal biopreparations by Vladyslav Kovalenko, Pavlo Serdiuk, Arthur Shevych, Oleksandr Serdiuk, Viktor Zakorko

“…The commercial value of potato plants for tuber production is substantial enough to explore ways to reduce the cost of the final product by optimising largescale cultivation systems. Treating tubers with biological products makes it possible to reduce the use of phosphorus fertilisers and shorten the growing season. …”
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Chemical Profile and Antibacterial Activity of <i>Vitis vinifera</i> L. cv Graciano Pomace Extracts Obtained by Green Supercritical CO₂ Extraction Method Against Multidr... by Rocío Fernández-Pérez, Silvia Ayuso, Cristina Moreta, María-José Saiz-Abajo, Miguel Gastón-Lorente, Fernanda Ruiz-Larrea, Carmen Tenorio

“…The SE and SFE methods were optimised, and ultra-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (UPLC/QqQ-MS/MS) analysis revealed 38 phenolic compounds in the SE sample, with anthocyanins being the predominant polyphenols, and 21 phenolic compounds in the SFE samples, among which hydroxybenzoic acids and flavonols were the predominant compounds. …”
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Ensuring irrigation water availability for off-season vegetable production in the face of competition from rural domestic water supplies in the commune of Lalo (Benin) by Djigbo Félicien Badou, Christophe Nouvewa, Christian Allé, Audrey Merveille Adango, Luc Ollivier Sintondji

“…This study, conducted at the Tovinou site in Lalo, Benin, evaluates borehole productivity, irrigation water availability, crop water requirements, and irrigation scheduling to optimise groundwater use for off-season agriculture. …”
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Numerical analysis of evaporation reduction in floating photovoltaic power plants: influence of design parameters by Berlioux Baptiste, Amiot Baptiste, Ferrand Martin, Le Berre Rémi, Rhazi Oume-Lgheit, Vidal Javier, Pabiou Hervé, Knikker Ronnie

“…However, few studies have yet been carried out to understand how to optimise the layout of FPV power plants in order to provide better water management. …”
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