Standardised packaging, minimum excise tax, and RYO focussed tax rise implications for UK tobacco pricing. by Rosemary Hiscock, Nicole H Augustin, J Robert Branston, Anna B Gilmore

“…The main limitations are first that because we do not know the exact mechanism by which Nielsen scales up sample data to provide UK estimates, we could only use data for a set three year period during which the same adjustments are made. …”
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Effect of Electroacupuncture on Chondrocyte Apoptosis and Cartilage Matrix of Experimental Rats with Knee Osteoarthritis by Guangwen WU, Chunsong ZHENG, Xihai LI, Qiuying LIN, Yichen DAI, Qiuxiang LIN, Yuanyuan ZHANG, Mingxia WU

“…Objective:To observe the effect of electroacupuncture on chondrocyte apoptosis and cartilage matrix of rats with knee osteoarthritis (KOA), so as to explore its treatment mechanism on knee osteoarthritis.Methods:After one week of acclimation, 40 clean, two-month-old male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into blank group (<italic>n</italic>=10) and model group (<italic>n</italic>=30). …”
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FDFT1 inhibits macrophage M1 polarization and promotes colorectal cancer progression by GAO Yuan, HUANG Yulan, ZHAO Kun

“…Objective‍　‍To screen the targets related to the metabolic enzymes involved in the cholesterol synthesis pathway that inhibits the polarization of macrophages towards M1 phenotype, and verify the intervention effects and underlying mechanisms in colorectal cancer cells. Methods‍　‍Mouse colorectal cancer MC38 cells were divided into control group (si-NC) and experimental groups (the expression of enzymes in cholesterol synthesis pathway was interfered with siRNA for corresponding targets). …”
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HIF-1α and VEGF Immunophenotypes as Potential Biomarkers in the Prognosis and Evaluation of Treatment Efficacy of Atherosclerosis: A Systematic Review of the Literature by Dimitra P. Vageli, Panagiotis G. Doukas, Dimitrios Georgiou, Michailangelos P. Prokopiou, Nefeli E. Ladaki, Androniki Papadopoulou, Sotirios G. Doukas, Konstantina Zacharouli, Konstantinos P. Makaritsis, Maria Ioannou

“…Exploring pathogenetic mechanisms and therapeutic options, we included several studies using variable methods to evaluate HIF-1α/VEGF immunophenotypes with controversial and innovative results. …”
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USC-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles-Functionalized Scaffolds Promote Scarless Vaginal Defect Repair via Delivery of Decorin and DUSP3 Proteins by Xu Y, Li J, Qiu Y, Wu F, Xue Z, Liu B, Fan H, Zhou Y, Wu Q

“…RNA sequencing was employed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms involved. LC‒MS/MS analysis was used to identify candidate upstream proteins in USC-sEVs.Results: In vivo experiments demonstrated that the sEVs-loaded scaffolds promoted scarless healing of vaginal defects in rabbits by modulating collagen deposition, reducing fibrosis, and diminishing inflammation. …”
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Functional cognitive disorder: Beyond pseudodementia by D.S. Marín-Medina, P.A. Arenas-Vargas, M. del Pilar Velásquez-Duque, P.M. Bagnati

“…We also explore the mechanisms that could explain this condition, which include metacognitive errors, excessive self-monitoring, and abnormal emotional processing, among others. …”
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P Wave Duration/P Wave Voltage Ratio Plays a Promising Role in the Prediction of Atrial Fibrillation: A New Player in the Game by E. Karacop, A. Enhos, N. Bakhshaliyev, R. Ozdemir

“…The P wave duration/P wave voltage ratio is a practical, easy-to-use, cheap, and reliable electrocardiographic parameter, which can play a promising role for both in predicting and elucidating a mechanism of new-onset AF.…”
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The effects of altitude training on hormonal response in professional cyclists by Raphael Faiss, Bastien Krumm, Basile Moreillon, Lena Mettraux, Julian Wackernell, James Spragg, Martin Faulhaber

“…While the impact of prolonged sojourns at altitude on hematological variations is increasingly well understood, research is very limited on the hormonal responses to altitude, and the underlying mechanisms underpinning putative anabolic and erythropoietic adaptations in elite endurance athletes. …”
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Neuroprotective Effects of Eugenol Acetate Against Ischemic Stroke by Chen L, Zhang R, Xiao J, Liang Y, Lan Z, Fan Y, Yu X, Xia S, Yang H, Bao X, Meng H, Xu Y, Yu L, Zhu X

“…Liqiu Chen,1,2,&ast; Ran Zhang,1,2,&ast; Jing Xiao,1,2,&ast; Ying Liang,1,2 Zhen Lan,3 Yingao Fan,2 Xi Yu,2 Shengnan Xia,2– 5 Haiyan Yang,2– 5 Xinyu Bao,2– 5 Hailan Meng,1– 6 Yun Xu,1– 6 Linjie Yu,1– 6 Xiaolei Zhu1– 6 1Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210008, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210008, People’s Republic of China; 4State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Institute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, People’s Republic of China; 5Jiangsu Provincial Key Discipline of Neurology, Nanjing, 210008, People’s Republic of China; 6Nanjing Neurology Medical Center, Nanjing, 210008, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Linjie Yu; Xiaolei Zhu, Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210008, People’s Republic of China, Email yulinjie126@126.com; zhuquelee@126.comObjective: To explore the neuroprotective effect of Eugenol Acetate (EA) on post-stroke neuroinflammation and investigate the underlying mechanisms.Methods: For in vitro experiments, primary microglia were pre-incubated with EA for 2 hours, followed by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation for 24 hours or Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation (OGD) treatment for 4 hours. …”
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Effects of Bedaquiline on Antimicrobial Activity and Cytokine Secretion of Macrophages Infected with Multidrug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Strains by Xia-Li Lyu, Ting-Ting Lin, Jing-Tao Gao, Hong-Yan Jia, Chuan-Zhi Zhu, Zi-Hui Li, Jing Dong, Qi Sun, Wei Shu, Sai-Sai Wang, Li-Ping Pan, Hai-Rong Huang, Zong-De Zhang, Qi Li

“…Here, Bdq bactericidal activities against MDR-MTBs and related cellular immune mechanisms were explored. Methods. Macrophages infected with MDR-MTBs or H37Rv received Bdq treatments (4 h/8 h/24 h/48 h) at 1 × the minimum inhibitory concentration (1 × MIC), 10 × MIC and 20 × MIC. …”
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Resistome phylodynamics of multidrug-resistant Shigella isolated from diarrheal patients by Asaduzzaman Asad, Md. Abu Jaher Nayeem, Md. Golam Mostafa, Ruma Begum, Shah Nayeem Faruque, Suraia Nusrin, Israt Jahan, Shoma Hayat, Zhahirul Islam

“…Understanding the MDR mechanism in Shigella will help physicians choose effective drugs and anticipate resistance-mediated changes in treatment approaches; the spatiotemporal phylodynamics of AMR mediators aid policymakers in setting effective checkpoints in the AMR transmission network.…”
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The model of intermediate assessment of future teachers’ professional competencies by I. V. Golovina, Kh.-Akh. S. Khaladov, T. Yu. Medvedeva, G. A. Paputkova, A. V. Milekhin

“…However, in modern conditions, in order to assess the quality of pedagogical education, it is necessary to develop mechanisms for assessing the level of preparedness of a student (graduate) to solve real problems of professional pedagogical activity, including in the process of intermediate and final certification. …”
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Magnetocaloric Effect for a <i>Q</i>-Clock-Type System by Michel Aguilera, Sergio Pino-Alarcón, Francisco J. Peña, Eugenio E. Vogel, Natalia Cortés, Patricio Vargas

“…Given the broader relevance of the <i>Q</i>-state clock model in areas such as percolation theory, neural networks, and biological systems, where multi-state interactions are essential, our study provides a robust framework in applied quantum mechanics, statistical physics, and related fields.…”
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Discussion: acoustic density and ocular structures rigidity in healthy individuals and patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (response to the article by Kazemi A., Zhou B., Zha... by I.N. Koshits, O.V. Svetlova, A.A. Ryabtseva, M.G. Guseva, M.B. Egemberdiev, P.P. Bakshinsky, M.V. Zaseeva

“…</p> <p> <b>Keywords: </b>scleral functions, rigidity, fluctuation, intraocular pressure, key branches in glaucoma pathogenesis, errors in measurement techniques, laws of mechanics. </p> <p> <b>For citation</b>: Koshits I.N., Svetlova O.V., Ryabtseva A.A., Guseva M.G., Egemberdiev M.B., Bakshinsky P.P., Zaseeva M.V. …”
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Alpha-adrenergic receptor agonists in terms of modern views on glaucoma monitoring and treatment by V.P. Erichev, S.Yu. Petrov, A.V. Volzhanin, D.M. Safonova, T.V. Yaremenko, S.A. Kazaryan

“…Several in vitro and in vivo studies describe the mechanism of preventing mitochondrial dysfunction and excitotoxic retinal cell damage in ischemia. …”
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Cloning, Characterization and Expression Regulation in Response to High-Temperature Stress of TRAF7 Gene in the Sea Cucumber Apostichopus japonicus by Yanfeng ZHAO, Meijie LIAO, Jianlong GE, Jinjin WANG, Yingeng WANG, Xiaojun RONG, Bin LI, Yanting TAN

“…The results indicated that AjTRAF7 might be involved in regulating expression in response to high-temperature stress in sea cucumbers, and the results provide a scientific basis for analyzing the molecular mechanism of high-temperature stress in sea cucumbers.…”
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Mortality Prediction Using SaO2/FiO2 Ratio Based on eICU Database Analysis by Sharad Patel, Gurkeerat Singh, Samson Zarbiv, Kia Ghiassi, Jean-Sebastien Rachoin

“…The features age, gender, SaO2, PaO2, FIO2, admission diagnosis, Apache IV, mechanical ventilation (MV), and ICU mortality were extracted. …”
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Information Communication Technology and Service Delivery in Nyagatare District Local Goverment, Rwanda. by Wellars, Kanamugire

“…The study further concluded that Nyagatare District Local Government should fundraise for ICT donations in terms of training facilitation fees, CT equipment such as computers, to help the members of staff, administration and other stake holders to acquire the necessary skills and equipment for better service delivery in the study area and that there should be favorable government policy that boosts the moral of the private and public investors into ICT business so that there is visible ICT operations in the study area for effective service delivery among other suggested intervention mechanisms to boost ICT for effective service delivery. …”
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Designing a model of effective marketing capabilities based on communication by Yoones Banisaeed, Ghanbar Amirnejad, Morteza mousakhani, Leila Andervazh

“…Doah et al, (2023) showed that elucidating the underlying mechanisms through which marketing capability affects firm performance contributes to the growing body of knowledge about marketing strategy. …”
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戶外教育課程評估指標建構之研究 Indicators for Evaluating Outdoor Education Curricula by 鄭智明 Chi Meng Cheang, 陳美燕 Mei-Yen Chen, 郭雄軍 Husing-Chun Kuo

“…Finally, safety and risk management mechanisms are consistently embedded throughout the curriculum of outdoor education. …”
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