The Association between Serum Cytokines and Damage to Large and Small Nerve Fibers in Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy by Francesca Magrinelli, Chiara Briani, Marcello Romano, Susanna Ruggero, Elisabetta Toffanin, Giuseppa Triolo, George Chummar Peter, Marialuigia Praitano, Matteo Francesco Lauriola, Giampietro Zanette, Stefano Tamburin

“…The paper is aimed at exploring whether the serum concentration of cytokines is associated with small and large nerve fiber function and with neuropathic pain (NP). We recruited a group of 32 type 2 DM patients who underwent serum cytokines (TNF-α, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10) dosage as well as electrodiagnostic and quantitative sensory testing (QST) assessment to explore damage to large and small nerve fibers. …”
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Phosphodiesterase 4 inhibition as a novel treatment for stroke by Jiahong Zhong, Xihui Yu, Zhuomiao Lin

“…This review is intended for, but not limited to, pharmacological researchers, drug target researchers, neurologists, neuromedical researchers, and behavioral scientists.…”
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Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings in Developmentally Delayed Children by Ali Akbar Momen, Gholamreza Jelodar, Hamid Dehdashti

“…One of the most important methods for evaluation of developmentally delayed children is neuroimaging, especially, brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) that provides useful information regarding brain tissue structures and anomalies. …”
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Preclinical Cognitive Markers of Alzheimer Disease and Early Diagnosis Using Virtual Reality and Artificial Intelligence: Literature Review by María de la Paz Scribano Parada, Fátima González Palau, Sonia Valladares Rodríguez, Mariano Rincon, Maria José Rico Barroeta, Marta García Rodriguez, Yolanda Bueno Aguado, Ana Herrero Blanco, Estela Díaz-López, Margarita Bachiller Mayoral, Raquel Losada Durán

“…ResultsFollowing an analysis of 38 selected articles, we highlight verbal episodic memory as a sensitive preclinical AD marker, with supporting evidence from neuroimaging and genetic profiling. Executive functions precede memory decline, while processing speed is a significant correlate. …”
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Ten-Year Follow-Up of Collision Tumors Composed of Craniopharyngioma and Pituitary Adenoma: A Case Report and Literature Review by Takeshi Miyazaki, Kentaro Kowari, Hirotake Eda, Mizuki Kambara, Riruke Maruyama, Yasuhiko Akiyama

“…A 48-year-old male visited our hospital because of consciousness disturbance. The neuroimaging revealed a sellar tumor contact with a massive suprasellar cyst including calcification. …”
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Diabetic Polyneuropathy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Mitochondrial Function by Luis Miguel Román-Pintos, Geannyne Villegas-Rivera, Adolfo Daniel Rodríguez-Carrizalez, Alejandra Guillermina Miranda-Díaz, Ernesto Germán Cardona-Muñoz

“…Treatment should be directed to improve etiologic factors besides reducing symptoms; several approaches have been evaluated to reduce neuropathic impairments and improve nerve conduction, such as oral antidiabetics, statins, and antioxidants (alpha-lipoic acid, ubiquinone, and flavonoids).…”
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Direct-Acting Oral Anticoagulants in the Management of Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis—Where Do We Stand? by Nikhil Vojjala, Supriya Peshin, Lakshmi Prasanna Vaishnavi Kattamuri, Rabia Iqbal, Adit Dharia, Jayalekshmi Jayakumar, Rafi Iftekhar, Shagun Singh, Mamtha Balla, Claudia S. Villa Celi, Ramya Ramachandran, Rishab Prabhu, Sumeet K. Yadav, Geetha Krishnamoorthy, Vijendra Singh, Karan Seegobin

“…Background: Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVT) is a rare cause of stroke, constituting 0.5–3% of all strokes with an extremely varied spectrum of presentation, predisposing factors, neuroimaging findings, and eventual outcomes. A high index of suspicion is needed because timely diagnosis can significantly alter the natural course of the disease, reduce acute complications, and improve long-term outcomes. …”
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Intraventricular Neurilemmoma (Schwannoma): Shall GFAP Immunostaining Be Regarded as a Histogenetical Tag or as a Mere Histomimetical Trait? by Miguel Fdo. Salazar, Martha Lilia Tena Suck, Daniel Rembao Bojórquez, Citlaltepetl Salinas Lara

“…A 16-year-old boy without significant past clinical data debuted with headache and progressive left eye blindness during six months. Neuroimaging scans showed a bulky, multiloculated, intraventricular tumour emerging from the posterior horn of the left lateral ventricle. …”
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The Alterations in the Brain Corresponding to Low Back Pain: Recent Insights and Advances by Xuyang Li, Fancheng Meng, Wenye Huang, Yue Cui, Fanbo Meng, Shengxi Wu, Hui Xu

“…With recent extensive studies carried out using noninvasive neuroimaging technique, increasing number of abnormalities and alterations has been identified. …”
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Clinical Trial of Human Fetal Brain-Derived Neural Stem/Progenitor Cell Transplantation in Patients with Traumatic Cervical Spinal Cord Injury by Ji Cheol Shin, Keung Nyun Kim, Jeehyun Yoo, Il-Sun Kim, Seokhwan Yun, Hyejin Lee, Kwangsoo Jung, Kyujin Hwang, Miri Kim, Il-Shin Lee, Jeong Eun Shin, Kook In Park

“…At 1 year after cell transplantation, there was no evidence of cord damage, syrinx or tumor formation, neurological deterioration, and exacerbating neuropathic pain or spasticity. The American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale (AIS) grade improved in 5 of 19 transplanted patients, 2 (A → C), 1 (A → B), and 2 (B → D), whereas only one patient in the control group showed improvement (A → B). …”
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A Dietary Treatment Improves Cerebral Blood Flow and Brain Connectivity in Aging apoE4 Mice by Maximilian Wiesmann, Valerio Zerbi, Diane Jansen, Roy Haast, Dieter Lütjohann, Laus M. Broersen, Arend Heerschap, Amanda J. Kiliaan

“…We further showed the efficacy of a multimodal translational approach, including advanced MR neuroimaging, to study dietary intervention on brain structure and function in aging.…”
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BDNF Protein and BDNF mRNA Expression of the Medial Prefrontal Cortex, Amygdala, and Hippocampus during Situational Reminder in the PTSD Animal Model by Shao-Han Chang, Ying Hao Yu, Alan He, Chen Yin Ou, Bai Chuang Shyu, Andrew Chih Wei Huang

“…The present data did not support the previous viewpoint in neuroimaging research that the mPFC and hippocampus revealed hypoactivity and the amygdala exhibited hyperactivity for PTSD symptoms. …”
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The Default Mode Network and Altered Consciousness in Epilepsy by Nathan B. Danielson, Jennifer N. Guo, Hal Blumenfeld

“…Using a wide range of neuroimaging and electrophysiological modalities, decreased activity in the default mode network has been confirmed during complex partial, generalized tonic-clonic, and absence seizures. …”
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Social behavior in ASD males: The interplay between cognitive flexibility, working memory, and functional connectivity deviations by Shi Yu Chan, Jasmine Si Min Chuah, Pei Huang, Ai Peng Tan

“…In this study, we evaluated whether individual variations in functional connectivity deviations map to social behavior in ASD males. Using neuroimaging data from the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange (ABIDE), we modeled normative trajectories of between-network resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) in non-ASD males across childhood (n = 321). …”
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Diagnosis of Vitreoretinal Aspergillosis with Transvitreal Retinochoroidal Biopsy by Krishi Peddada, Nida M. Khan, Jascha Rubin, Haykanush Zakaryan, Yaobin Liu, Nikolay Popnikolov, Roshun Sangani, Weiye Li

“…However, the patient’s vision and mental status continued to clinically decline despite being started on intravitreal and systemic antibiotic and antifungal therapy. Neuroimaging revealed rim-enhancing brain lesions. Transvitreal retinochoroidal biopsy was performed in an elevated area of the retina. …”
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Decoding HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders: a new perspective from multimodal connectomics by Zhongkai Zhou, Wei Wang, Hui Li, Ying Shi, Lingling Zhao, Yibo Lu, Xingchen Wei, Hongjun Li

“…In recent years, connectomics has been gradually applied to HAND research as a cutting-edge method for describing the structural and functional connectivity patterns of the brain, to further elucidate the specific mechanisms underlying these neural circuit vulnerabilities. Using multimodal neuroimaging techniques such as diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI), and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI), researchers can detail the connectome network changes in the brains of PLWH. …”
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Transient Global Amnesia with Reversible White Matter Lesions: A Variant of Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome? by Tomoki Nakamizo, Ippei Tsuzuki, Takashi Koide

“…It is characterized by reversible vasogenic edema that predominantly involves the parieto-occipital subcortical white matter as shown by neuroimaging studies. To date, there have been no reported cases of PRES with a clinical course resembling TGA. …”
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Differential Effects of Dopaminergic Therapies on Dorsal and Ventral Striatum in Parkinson's Disease: Implications for Cognitive Function by Penny A. MacDonald, Oury Monchi

“…We also survey the effect of dopamine replacement on functional neuroimaging in PD relating the findings to this framework. …”
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Shine on: Review of Laser- and Light-Based Therapies for the Treatment of Burn Scars by C. Scott Hultman, Renee E. Edkins, Clara N. Lee, Catherine T. Calvert, Bruce A. Cairns

“…Restoration of form and function after burn injury remains challenging, but emerging laser and pulsed light technologies now offer hope for patients with hypertrophic scars, which may be associated with persistent hyperemia, chronic folliculitis, intense pruritis, and neuropathic pain. In addition to impairing body image, these scars may limit functional recovery, compromise activities of daily living, and prevent return to work. …”
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Alexithymia in multiple sclerosis: past, present and future by Samar S. Ayache, Samar S. Ayache, Samar S. Ayache, Samar S. Ayache, Moussa A. Chalah, Moussa A. Chalah, Moussa A. Chalah

“…This is followed by an analysis of neurobiological underpinnings of alexithymia derived from neurophysiological and neuroimaging studies in this clinical population. Finally, we provide perspectives to guide future research exploring and managing alexithymia in MS.…”
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