Deep learning helps discriminate between autoimmune hepatitis and primary biliary cholangitis by Alessio Gerussi, Oliver Lester Saldanha, Giorgio Cazzaniga, Damiano Verda, Zunamys I. Carrero, Bastian Engel, Richard Taubert, Francesca Bolis, Laura Cristoferi, Federica Malinverno, Francesca Colapietro, Reha Akpinar, Luca Di Tommaso, Luigi Terracciano, Ana Lleo, Mauro Viganó, Cristina Rigamonti, Daniela Cabibi, Vincenza Calvaruso, Fabio Gibilisco, Nicoló Caldonazzi, Alessandro Valentino, Stefano Ceola, Valentina Canini, Eugenia Nofit, Marco Muselli, Julien Calderaro, Dina Tiniakos, Vincenzo L’Imperio, Fabio Pagni, Nicola Zucchini, Pietro Invernizzi, Marco Carbone, Jakob Nikolas Kather

“…Inconsistency among general pathologists was noticed when evaluating a random sample of the same cases (Fleiss’s kappa value 0.09). Conclusions: The ALNE model is the first system generating a quantitative and accurate differential diagnosis between cases with AIH or PBC. …”
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Role of IgM testing in the diagnosis and post-treatment follow-up of syphilis: a prospective cohort study by Tania Crucitti, Irith De Baetselier, Hilde Smet, Kara K Osbak, Achilleas Tsoumanis, Marjan Van Esbroek, Chris R Kenyon

“…The IgM EIAs and IgM LIA agreed from fairly to moderately (Cohen’s kappa (κ): 0.36 (EU EIA); κ: 0.53 (MI EIA); κ: 0.40 (MI LIA)) with the diagnosis of syphilis.Conclusions IgM detection was not a sensitive method to diagnose syphilis and was even poorer in the diagnosis of syphilis repeat infections.…”
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Presenting the Model of Eco-Leadership in Elementary Schools with an Interpretive Phenomenological Approach by Adel Zahed babolan, Seyyedmohammad Seyyedkalan

“…The interview protocol was evaluated for validity and reliability using Cohen's Kappa coefficient, which yielded a value of 0.71, indicating a relatively high level of agreement between coders.Results: The study uncovered that environmental leadership is delineated by 98 concepts across 17 axes, organized into three main themes. …”
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Pre-existing IgG antibodies to HCoVs NL63 and OC43 Spike increased during the pandemic and after COVID-19 vaccination by Zahra Hasan, Kiran Iqbal Masood, Marc Veldhoen, Shama Qaiser, Marta Alenquer, Mishgan Akhtar, Sadaf Balouch, Junaid Iqbal, Yaqub Wassan, Shahneel Hussain, Khalid Feroz, Sajid Muhammad, Atif Habib, Akbar Kanji, Erum Khan, Afsar Ali Mian, Rabia Hussain, Maria Joao Amorim, Zulfiqar A. Bhutta

“…Five percent of sera showed virus neutralizing activity in PPC whilst it was 50 % in HC 2021. IgG antibodies to Spike of NL63 and OC43 were also present in PPC; anti-NL63 was 2.9-fold, and anti-OC43 was 10.1-fold higher than to anti-SARS-CoV-2 levels. …”
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Immunologic and inflammatory consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection and its implications in renal disease by Hiam Naiditch, Michael R. Betts, H. Benjamin Larman, Moshe Levi, Avi Z. Rosenberg

“…Cytokines such as interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6, IL-12, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), some of which may be produced through mechanisms involving nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), likely contribute to the hyperinflammatory state in patients with severe COVID-19. …”
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The diagnostic value and efficacy evaluation of lung ultrasound score in neonatal respiratory distress syndrome: a prospective observational study by Jian Dong, Yuhong Deng, Jin Tong, Tingting Du, Wenguang Liu, Yan Guo

“…Lung ultrasound was conducted and recorded at the 24th hour, the 48th hour, the 72nd hour, and the 7th day after drug administration. ROC curve analysis, Kappa statistics, and ANOVA were utilized to identify the optimal cut-off values for the lung ultrasound scores in diagnosing neonatal respiratory distress syndrome.Results89 neonates were diagnosed with respiratory distress syndrome, of whom 64 received surfactant replacement therapy. …”
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Analyzing Land Use/Land Cover Changes Using Google Earth Engine and Random Forest Algorithm and Their Implications to the Management of Land Degradation in the Upper Tekeze Basin,... by Alemu Eshetu Fentaw, Assefa Abegaz

“…Despite the complexity of the topographic and climatic features of the study area, the RF algorithm achieved high accuracy with 0.83 and 0.75 overall accuracy and Kappa values, respectively. The LULC change results from 1990 to 2021 showed that forest, bushland, shrubland, and bareland decreased by 12.2, 24.8, 1.2, and 15.4%, respectively. …”
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Evaluating CNN Architectures for the Automated Detection and Grading of Modic Changes in MRI: A Comparative Study by Li‐peng Xing, Gang Liu, Hao‐chen Zhang, Lei Wang, Shan Zhu, Man Du La Hua Bao, Yan‐ni Wang, Chao Chen, Zhi Wang, Xin‐yu Liu, Shuai Zhang, Qiang Yang

“…In the AI‐assisted experiment, agreement between the junior doctor and the senior spine surgeon significantly improved from Cohen's kappa of 0.368–0.681. Conclusions YOLOv8 in detecting and grading MCs was significantly superior to that of YOLOv5. …”
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High-Titer Rheumatoid Factor is Associated with Worse Clinical Outcomes and Higher Needs for Advanced Therapies in Rheumatoid Arthritis Under Real-Life Conditions by Victor Davi R. S. Oliveira, Ana Paula M. G. Reis, Claiton V. Brenol, Ivânio A. Pereira, Karina R. Bonfiglioli, Letícia R. Pereira, Manoel B. Bértolo, Maria de Fátima L. C. Sauma, Maria Fernanda B. R. Guimarães, Paulo Louzada-Júnior, Rina D. N. Giorgi, Sebastião C. Radominski, Licia Maria H. Mota, Cleandro P. Albuquerque, Geraldo R. Castelar-Pinheiro

“…In multivariate analyses, high-titer RF was independently associated with higher disease activity (Clinical Disease Activity Index, CDAI: β = 2.44 [0.89, 3.99], p = 0.002), worse functional capacity (Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index, HAQ-DI: β = 0.112 [0.018, 0.205], p = 0.020); extra-articular manifestations (OR 1.48 [1.09, 2.00], p = 0.011); increased corticosteroid (OR 1.53 [1.19, 1.96], p = 0.001) and biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARD) use (OR 1.41 [1.08, 1.84], p = 0.011). …”
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Chemical Composition of Mexicali Propolis and Its Effect on Gastric Repair in an Indomethacin-Induced Gastric Injury Murine Model by Pilar Dominguez-Verano, Nadia Jacobo-Herrera, Andrés Castell-Rodríguez, Octavio Canales-Alvarez, Maria Margarita Canales-Martinez, Marco Aurelio Rodriguez-Monroy

“…Thus, this study aimed to determine the chemical composition of Mexicali propolis, its antioxidant capacity, and its effect on gastric repair. Three polarity-directed extracts were obtained: the ethanolic extract, the ethyl acetate extract, and the hexane extract. …”
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Assessment of the variability and correlation of biometric measurements in eyes with cataracts by Jian-Feng Zhao, Chen Yang, Jie Zhou, Hai-Yan Zhang, Yu Geng

“…Mean values for ACD, LT, Km, CCT, WTW, and angle kappa were found to vary with both age and gender. …”
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Deciphering the therapeutic effects of Xiyanping injection: insights into pulmonary and gut microbiome modulation, SerpinB2/PAI-2 targeting, and alleviation of influenza a virus-in... by Tengwen Liu, Shuping Li, Xuerui Wang, Mingjiang Liu, Yuchen Wang, Jie Ying, Shuwen Zhang, Yan Lin, Ning Wang, Yungjing Bai, Lan Xie, Tengfei Chen, Quansheng Feng, Xiaolong Xu

“…KEGG pathway analysis indicated significant modifications in genes associated with influenza A, mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling, nuclear factor kappa-B signaling, and apoptosis following XYP injection. …”
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Wetland degradation monitoring using multi-temporal remote sensing data and watershed land degradation index by I. Ridwan, S. Kadir, N. Nurlina

“…This index integrates land use land cover, vegetation coverage, soil erosion, and soil moisture content.FINDINGS: The proposed comprehensive land degradation index in this study demonstrated that (a) the land degradation index, which successfully monitored the spatio-temporal aspect of land degradation (kappa coefficient > 0.73 and overall accuracy > 86 percent), is regarded as having high accuracy. …”
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Point-of-care lung ultrasound in detecting pneumonia: A systematic review by Iqra Abid, Nadia Qureshi, Nicola Lategan, Simon Williams, Sidra Shahid

“…The study selection, conducted by two independent investigators, demonstrated an agreement by the Kappa index, ensuring reliable article selection. …”
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Pumpkin seed oil-loaded chitosan nanoparticles enhance growth, digestive enzymes, and immune response in whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei): Impacts on histopathology and survi... by El-Sayed Hemdan Eissa, Wesam Mohamed Salama, Samia Elbahnaswy, Mai A.M. El-Son, Zienab E. Eldin, Sara Amer, Layla A. Almutairi, Fatma Mohamed Ameen Khalil, Safia M.A. Bahshwan, Mada M. AL-Qurashi, Yasmin M. Abd El-Aziz, Moaheda E.H. Eissa, Aiman A. Alsaegh, Roshmon Thomas Mathew, El Sayed Taha Rizk

“…Furthermore, shrimp in these groups displayed significantly elevated total hemocyte counts, lysozyme activity, and bactericidal capacity (P < 0.05). Besides, a significant increase in phenoloxidase and phagocytic activities was observed in the ChNPs+PSO1 group (P < 0.05). …”
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Ursodeoxycholic acid protects against sepsis-induced acute kidney injury by activating Nrf2/HO-1 and inhibiting NF-κB pathway by Yunpeng Lou, Hongguang Shi, Ning Sha, Feifei Li, Xiaofeng Gu, Huiyan Lin

“…Oxidative stress parameters and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/ heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) pathway, pro-inflammatory cytokines and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway were also evaluated. Additionally, HK-2 cells were treated with LPS in vitro, and cell viability and apoptosis were detected using CCK-8 kit and flow cytometer, respectively. …”
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Supervised Injecting Room Cohort Study (SIRX): study protocol by Lisa Maher, Thomas Kerr, Matthew Hickman, Alexander Thompson, Peter Higgs, Paul Dietze, Paul A Agius, Nick Scott, Daniel O’Keefe, Mark A Stoové, Jack Stone, Dylan Vella-Horne, Ashleigh C Stewart, Amanda Roxburgh, Sione Crawford, Josephine Norman, Zachary Lloyd, Nico Clark

“…Participants will be assessed for capacity to provide informed consent following a detailed explanation of the study. …”
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Therapeutic potential of Curcuma longa against monkeypox: antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and computational insights by Farouk Boudou, Amal Belakredar, Ahcen Keziz, Linda Aissani, Huda Alsaeedi, David Cronu, Mikhael Bechelany, Mikhael Bechelany, Ahmed Barhoum

“…The DPPH assay and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were employed to assess antioxidant activity. …”
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Study of a Deep Learning Reconstruction Algorithm for Displaying Small- and Medium-sized Blood Vessels in Upper Abdominal Energy Spectrum CT by Qin WANG, Weijie YAN, Yuan YUAN, Hehan TANG, Liping DENG

“…Differences in SNR, CNR, and background noise among the four groups of images were compared using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and paired t-tests. The kappa test was used to compare differences in the consistency of the subjective evaluations. …”
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Rewilding beech-dominated temperate forest ecosystems: effects on carbon stocks and biodiversity indicators by Markuljaková K, Mikoláš M, Svitok M, Meigs GW, Keeton WS, Kozák D, Pavlin J, Gloor R, Kalaš M, Ferenčík M, Ralhan D, Frankovič M, Hofmeister J, Dúhová D, Mejstrík M, Dušátko M, Veber A, Knír T, Svoboda M

“…We emphasise that forest heterogeneity, encompassing factors such as tree age and diameter, canopy layer, species composition, and growth patterns, are important for enabling managed forests to reach peak carbon storage capacity. Although 70 years is insufficient for secondary old-growth forests to fully recover primary forest characteristics, our study demonstrates that similar structures and functions can develop within less than a century of protection in productive temperate regions of Europe. …”
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