Comparison of the performances between ChatGPT and Gemini in answering questions on viral hepatitis by Meryem Sahin Ozdemir, Yusuf Emre Ozdemir

“…The answers of the chatbots were evaluated by two different infectious diseases specialists on a scoring scale from 1 to 4. Cohen’s kappa coefficient was calculated to assess inter-rater reliability. …”
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The usefulness of automated high frequency ultrasound image analysis in atopic dermatitis staging by Joanna Czajkowska, Adriana Polańska, Anna Slian, Aleksandra Dańczak-Pazdrowska

“…The overall accuracy of the AD assessment was equal to 69% (Cohen’s kappa 0.78) and was comparable with the experts’ assessment, ranging between 64% and 70% (Cohen’s kappa 0.73–0.79). …”
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Tc-3PRGD Scintimammography in Palpable and Nonpalpable Breast Lesions by Lin Liu, Yan Song, Shi Gao, Tiefeng Ji, Haishan Zhang, Bin Ji, Ben Chen, Bing Jia, Fan Wang, Zheli Xu, Qingjie Ma

“…Scintigraphic images were interpreted independently by two experienced nuclear medicine physicians using a three-point system, and the kappa value was calculated to determine the interreader agreement. …”
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BRUSELLOZDA OSTEOARTİKÜLER TUTULUMU OLAN HASTALARIN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ by Nurten Nur Aydın, Murat Aydın

“…Bölgemizde endemik olan bu hastalık için özellikle bel ve kalça ağrısı olan hastalarda osteoartiküler bruselloz ayırıcı tanıda akla gelmelidir.…”
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Cross-sectional study of proteomic differences between moderate and severe psoriasis by Lingling Wu, Chen Cen, Bibo Xie, Lihua Hu, Jia Huang, Ningning Shen, Qiang Dong

“…Eighteen DEPs were mainly enriched in the IL − 17 signalling pathway, Neutrophil extracellular trap formation, Neutrophil degranulation and NF − kappa B signalling pathway, which were associated with psoriasis pathogenesis. …”
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Relative validity and reproducibility of a short semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire for Chinese athletes. by Qian Xu, Yudan Chu, Huajun Tian, Guoqiang Ma, Jun Qiu, Qiuping Zhang

“…The relative validity was assessed using Spearman correlation coefficients, cross-quintiles classification, weighted kappa, and Bland-Altman analysis, while reproducibility was evaluated using the Spearman correlation coefficients and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) between two FFQs. …”
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The Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) Validity to Detect Omicron Variants by Lia Gardenia Partakusuma, Luhung Budiailmiawan, null Budiman, Ida Parwati, null Aryati, Basti Andriyoko, Louisa Markus, Corine Niswara, Cut Nur Cinthia Alamanda

“…Analysis using Cohen’s kappa coefficient test showed high conformity between SNP and WGS (p value <0.001; kappa coefficient = 0.948). …”
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An Integrated Use of Topography with RSI in Gully Mapping, Shandong Peninsula, China by Fuhong He, Tao Wang, Lijuan Gu, Tao Li, Weiguo Jiang, Hongbo Shao

“…Compared with interpreting remote sensing imagery only, the overall accuracy and kappa coefficient are increased by 24.080% and 264.364%, respectively. …”
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Aspects of applying the method of chemical mutagenesis to develop cultivars of <i>Calendula officinalis</i> L. by F. M. Khazieva, I. N. Korotkikh

“…Seeds selected from high-yielding biotypes of cv. ‘Kalta’ were treated with various mutagens for 18 hours, using 1000 seeds for each option. …”
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Towards combining self-organizing maps (SOM) and convolutional neural network (CNN) for improving model accuracy: Application to malaria vectors phenotypic resistance by Komi Mensah Agboka, Elfatih M. Abdel-Rahman, Daisy Salifu, Brian Kanji, Frank T. Ndjomatchoua, Ritter A.Y. Guimapi, Sunday Ekesi, Landmann Tobias

“…Our results show that the combined SOM/CNN approach is more robust than a standalone CNN model, achieving higher overall accuracy and Kappa scores among others. This confirms the potential of the SOM/CNN hybrid as an effective and reliable tool for improving model accuracy in public health applications. • The hybrid model, combining SOM and CNN, was implemented to predict IR status in malaria vectors, providing enhanced accuracy across various validation metrics. • Results indicate a notable improvement in robustness and predictive accuracy over traditional CNN models. • The combined SOM/CNN approach demonstrated higher Kappa scores and overall model accuracy.…”
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Pixel and region-oriented classification of Sentinel-2 imagery to assess LULC dynamics and their climate impact in Nowshera, Pakistan by Farnaz, Nuthammachot Narissara, Shabbir Rabia, Iqbal Benazeer

“…Moreover, for the dataset of the year, the region-oriented method achieved a higher overall Kappa hat score (0.88) as compared to the pixel-based method (0.71). …”
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Artificial intelligence in suicide prevention: Utilizing deep learning approach for early detection by Vikas Gaur, Gaurav Maggu, Khushboo Bairwa, Suprakash Chaudhury, Sana Dhamija, Tahoora Ali

“…Training and testing of the model are conducted using fictional and simulated profiles, respectively, and model performance is assessed through statistical metrics and the Cohen’s Kappa coefficient, benchmarked against expert evaluations. …”
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Accuracy of Teledentistry for Diagnosis and Treatment Planning of Pediatric Patients during COVID-19 Pandemic by Ozra Golsanamloo, Sanaz Iranizadeh, Amir Reza Jamei Khosroshahi, Leila Erfanparast, Ali Vafaei, Yalda Ahmadinia, Solmaz Maleki Dizaj

“…The accuracy of the diagnosis was measured by applying Cohen’s kappa. Interexaminer reliability was measured using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Cronbach’s alpha. …”
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Revo-S ve Lightspeed-LSX Döner Sistem Eğelerinin Aşırı Eğimli Kök Kanallarındaki Etkinliğinin Araştırılması / Analysis of Preparation Performance of Revo-S vs. Lightspeed-LSX on th... by Durmuş Alperen Bozkurt, Ayşe Diljin Keçeci

“…Bağımsız t testi, One-way ANOVA ve post-hok Tukey testi uygulanmıştır (P&lt;0.05).Bulgular: Merkezde kalma oranı ortalama Revo-S 0,23±0,12 ve Lightspeed LSX için 0,13±0,08. …”
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Mammography breast density assessment with Quantra artificial intelligence software: intra- and interobserver agreement with radiologists by Beatriz E. Gonzalez-Ulloa, Claudia B. Corona-Gonzalez, Rosa L. Molina-Gutierrez, Sofia Salas-Aguirre

“…Intraobserver and interobserver agreement was assessed with light Kappa and Cohen&#39;s Kappa. Results: Four HRs with 2 to 32 years of experience interpreting breast images participated. …”
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MR评价前交叉韧带重建术后膝关节稳定性

“…股骨骨隧道内径的变化,比较两组在骨隧道内口位置?移植物表现及内固定装置的MR征象阳性率;Kappa一致性检验骨隧道内口位置?移植物及固定装置的MR表现和临床检查结果的一致性,计算上述MR征象诊断膝关节稳定性的敏感度?…”
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The Validity and Reliability between Automated Oscillometric Measurement of Ankle-Brachial Index and Standard Measurement by Eco-Doppler in Diabetic Patients with or without Diabet... by Jing Ma, Min Liu, Dawei Chen, Chun Wang, Guanjian Liu, Xingwu Ran

“…The concordance and agreement were assessed by kappa index and the Bland-Altman method. Results. …”
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Clinical validity of fluorescence-based devices versus visual-tactile method in detection of secondary caries around resin composite restorations: diagnostic accuracy study by Aya Mohamed Adly, Shereen Hafez Ibrahim, Amira Farid El-Zoghbi

“…Inter-examiner reliability was calculated using Cohen’s kappa statistics. The level of significance was set at P = 0.05. …”
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An interpretable framework for inter-observer agreement measurements in TILs scoring on histopathological breast images: A proof-of-principle study. by Abdulkerim Capar, Dursun Ali Ekinci, Mucahit Ertano, M Khalid Khan Niazi, Erva Bengu Balaban, Ibrahim Aloglu, Meryem Dogan, Ziyu Su, Fugen Vardar Aker, Metin Nafi Gurcan

“…The first method, Boundary-Weighted Fleiss' Kappa (BWFK), addresses tissue segmentation predictions, focusing on mitigating disagreements along tissue boundaries. …”
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Rapid isothermal molecular tests to discriminate between Leishmania braziliensis and Leishmania infantum infections in dogs by Rafaela Lira Nogueira de Luna, Kamila Gaudêncio da Silva Sales, Lucas Lisboa Nunes Bonifácio, Luciana Aguiar Figueredo, Thomas R. Shelite, Fábio dos Santos Nogueira, Domenico Otranto, Filipe Dantas-Torres

“…We found an almost perfect agreement (kappa = 0.807) between RPA-LF for L. infantum and our reference quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), considering clinical samples with a quantification cycle (C q) < 30, whereas the agreement with samples with a C q > 30 (lower parasite loads) was moderate (kappa = 0.440). …”
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