A New Algorithm for Extracting Winter Wheat Planting Area Based on Ownership Parcel Vector Data and Medium-Resolution Remote Sensing Images by Huaming Xie, Qianjiao Wu, Ting Zhang, Zhende Teng, Hao Huang, Ying Shu, Shaoru Feng, Jing Lou

“…The experimental results show that the new algorithm can effectively extract winter wheat planting area, eliminate the problem of salt-and-pepper noise, and obtain high-precision classification results (kappa = 0.9279, overall accuracy = 96.41%, user’s accuracy = 99.16%, producer’s accuracy = 93.39%, commission errors = 0.84%, and omission errors = 6.61%) when the size of ownership parcels matches the spatial resolution of remote sensing images.…”
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Point-of-care lung ultrasound in detecting pneumonia: A systematic review by Iqra Abid, Nadia Qureshi, Nicola Lategan, Simon Williams, Sidra Shahid

“…The study selection, conducted by two independent investigators, demonstrated an agreement by the Kappa index, ensuring reliable article selection. …”
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The Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Shinbaro3 Is Mediated by Downregulation of the TLR4 Signalling Pathway in LPS-Stimulated RAW 264.7 Macrophages by Hwa-Jin Chung, Wonil Koh, Won Kyung Kim, Joon-Shik Shin, Jinho Lee, Sang Kook Lee, In-Hyuk Ha

“…Three mechanisms explaining the effects of Shinbaro3 in RAW 264.7 cells were identified as follows: (1) inhibition of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2), stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK)/c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK), and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways; (2) suppression of IκB kinase-α/β (IKK-α/β) phosphorylation and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) subunits in the NF-κB pathway, which are involved in MyD88-dependent signalling; and (3) downregulation of IFN-β mRNA expression via inhibition of interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) and Janus-activated kinase 1 (JAK1)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) phosphorylation, which is involved in TRIF-dependent signalling. …”
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Consistency between headache diagnoses and ICHD-3 criteria across different levels of care by Lucas Hendrik Overeem, Marlene Ulrich, Mira Pauline Fitzek, Kristin Sophie Lange, Ja Bin Hong, Uwe Reuter, Bianca Raffaelli

“…The patients’ self-reported diagnoses from the PSLC were compared with those in TLC and with ICHD-3 criteria. Cohen’s kappa (κ) and R² were used to assess diagnostic agreement. …”
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GÖMÜLÜ DİŞLERLE İLİŞKİLİ PATOLOJİLERİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ: RETROSPEKTİF KIBT ÇALIŞMASI by Derya İçöz, Duygu Kaymak

“…SONUÇ: Gömülü dişler sıklıkla patolojiye sebep olmaları nedeniyle, ağız içinde eksik diş durumunda gömülü kalma durumunun araştırılması ve gömülü diş veya dişlerin patolojiyle ilişkisinin takibi önem taşımaktadır. …”
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The cellular response of lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in keratoconus human corneal fibroblasts to RB-PDT: Insights into cytokines, chemokines and related signaling pathw... by Ning Chai, Tanja Stachon, Sabrina Häcker, Tim Berger, Zhen Li, Maryam Amini, Shweta Suiwal, Berthold Seitz, Achim Langenbucher, Nóra Szentmáry

“…Additionally, the involvement of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathways which are downstream of the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) pathway were examined.…”
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Modelling relative richness of flooding-response groups to predict hydrology-driven change in wetland plant communities by David C. Deane, Michelle T. Casanova, Jason Nicol, Justin D. Brookes

“…However, predictions against terrestrial species were reasonable (Cohen’s kappa > 0.58), suggesting the approach can identify hydrological tipping points associated with wetland drying. …”
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Insulin Resistance Mediates the Association Between Vitamin D and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by Caiyan Zou, Xuekui Liu, Maosheng He, Yan Sun, Yiquan Sang, Gangshan Peng, Yamei Ma, Houfa Geng, Jun Liang

“…Bioinformatics analysis showed that seven differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (solute carrier family 2 member 2 [SLC2A2], protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 3E [PPP1R3E], CAMP responsive element binding protein 3-like 3 [CREB3L3], Interleukin-6 [IL-6], peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha [PPARGC1A], nuclear factor kappa B inhibitor alpha [NFKBIA], and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 2 [PCK2]) were enriched in the IR pathway in comparison groups (VD group vs. lipid group), suggesting that VD improved NAFLD via changed IR. …”
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A Possible Involvement of Ion Transporter in Tumor Necrosis Factor α and Cycloheximide-Induced Apoptosis of Endothelial Cells by Hiroshi Fujita, Ikuo Morita, Sei-itsu Murota

“…Moreover, pyrrolidine dithiocarbanate, an inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), also suppressed endothelial cell apoptosis induced by TNFα and cycloheximide completely. …”
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Covid-19 Salgınının Türkiye’de Finansal Yatırım Araçları Üzerindeki Etkisi by Sevim Nurbanu Yıldız, Üzeyir Aydın

“…Literatürden farklı olarak half-life volatilite modellemesiyle COVID-19 döneminde alternatif yatırım araçlarının şoklar karşısındaki asimetrik oynaklık yapıları tahminlenmiş ve şokların etki süresi hesaplanmıştır.Ulaşılan sonuçlara göre bitcoin ve faiz oranı üzerinde oynaklık kalıcılığının olduğu buna karşın altın piyasasında ise şokun oynaklık üzerinde kalma süresinin düşük olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Aynı zamanda, negatif haberlerin hisse senedi, altın ve faiz oranı üzerinde, pozitif haberlerin ise dolar ve bitcoin üzerinde daha etkili olduğu görülmüştür. …”
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A vacuum lyophilization and bacterial tablet-based method for culture medium evaluation and potential use in probiotic products by Wen Cui, Liang Zhao, Yuwen Shi, Wei Feng, Xiao Chen, Hui Liu

“…The results suggested that vacuum freeze-dried bacterial tablet method had high conformity when compared to ISO 11133-2014 quantitative method (χ2 = 0.25, p > 0.05; Kappa = 0.75).DiscussionHence, vacuum freeze-drying method is an integral part of preservation of bacterial strains and the preparation of related biological products. …”
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Refined Urban Functional Zones Identification via Empirical Bayesian Kriging: A POI-Weighted Scoring Innovation by Xuan Du, Yisha Pan, Xiaoyan Yang, Longgao Chen, Liangchen Liu, Ying Lin

“…Additionally, the incorporation of multi-source data enables the extraction of traffic and ecological zones, facilitating the identification of non-building-reliant zones within the city, thereby enhancing the completeness and comprehensiveness of urban spatial recognition. 3) The overall accuracy achieved is 84.4%, with a Kappa coefficient of 0.804 for the classification results, which represents a significant improvement in UFZs identification accuracy compared to traditional methods and offers a robust scientific basis for urban planning and resource optimization.…”
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Comparison of Two Automated Urine Analyzers (URiSCAN Super + YD Diagnostics and Sysmex UC-3500–UF-5000 Urine Chemistry Analyzer) with Routine Microscopy by Durre Aden, Poonam Khambra, Sunil Ranga, Yasir Alvi

“…The results of urine examination consisting of cells, formed elements, and microorganisms were compared between both the automated urine analyzers and microscopy, and the degree of concordance was calculated utilizing Cohen’s kappa (κ) analysis to see the concordance between all three values. …”
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Ameliyat Öncesi Açlık Hakkında Hemşirelerin Bilgi, Tutum Ve Uygulamalarının Güncel Rehberlere Uygunluğunun Değerlendirilmesi by Ayla Yava, Elif Akyiğit, Hatice Tetik Metin, Ali Güzel

“…Hemşirelerin tamamı hastalara aç kalma gerekçesini açıkladıklarını, %96,1’i kliniklerde gece 12’den sonra oral alımın kesildiğini belirtmiştir. %96,1’i hastaların 8 saatten fazla aç kaldığını düşünmesine rağmen %49’u gece 12’den sonra aç bırakma prosedürünü doğru bulduğunu belirtmiştir. …”
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Development and Application of an Indirect Enzyme‐Linked Immunosorbent Assay Based on a Recombinant Matrix Protein for the Serological Study of Porcine Deltacoronavirus in Mexican... by Francisco Jesus Castañeda Montes, José Luis Cerriteño Sánchez, Julieta Sandra Cuevas‐Romero, María Azucena Castañeda Montes, Susana Mendoza Elvira

“…High sensitivity (83%) and specificity (100%) were observed for the iELISA. The kappa index calculated a nearly perfect agreement (0.8831) compared to the Western blot (gold standard test), suggesting acceptable statistical value support. …”
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Evaluation of the Impact of Morphological Differences on Scale Effects in Green Tide Area Estimation by Ke Wu, Tao Xie, Jian Li, Chao Wang, Xuehong Zhang, Hui Liu, Shuying Bai

“…To address this, our study examines the influence of morphological diversity on green tide area estimation using GF-1 WFV data and the Virtual-Baseline Floating macroAlgae Height (VB-FAH) index at a 16 m resolution. …”
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Analysis of Forest Cover in the Tumba-Lediima Nature Reserve (RTL-DRC) by Sylvestre Frey, André Musas A Musas, Nestor Anzola Kibamba, Sebastien Kidushi Mboma, Tege Simboni Simboni, Djonive Munene Asidi

“…Using Landsat 7 and 8 satellite imagery, combined with NDVI calculation and supervised classifications validated by a high Kappa coefficient, this study provides an accurate mapping of land cover change. …”
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Association between Dental Erosion and Diet in Brazilian Adolescents Aged from 15 to 19: A Population-Based Study by Yêska Paola Costa Aguiar, Fábio Gomes dos Santos, Eline Freitas de Farias Moura, Fernanda Clotilde Mariz da Costa, Sheyla Marcia Auad, Saul Martins de Paiva, Alessandro Leite Cavalcanti

“…Dental examinations were performed by two calibrated dentists (kappa = 0.82). The significance level adopted was 5%. …”
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Aspectos ecológicos de la distribución de Ismene amancaes en el área de conservación privada (ACP) Santuario de Amancay, 2023 by Emilio Fuentes-Garcia, Sebastian Guillén-Chávez, Alicia Chinguel-Chinguel

“…El monitoreo de campo, junto con una clasificación supervisada, alcanzó una precisión del 86 % en la identificación de coberturas vegetales, según el índice de Kappa. Los resultados revelan que I. amancaes ocupa una superficie de 2,96 hectáreas, con una densidad de 18 a 26 individuos por metro cuadrado. …”
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Análisis de frecuencias de crecientes trivariados con dependencia regional y funciones Cópula by Daniel Francisco Campos-Aranda

“…Para la búsqueda de las FDP marginales idóneas se utilizó el diagrama de cocientes de momentos L, y además se aplicaron para contraste de predicciones las FDP Kappa y Wakeby. Por último, se formulan las conclusiones, las cuales destacan la importancia del enfoque trivariado, basado en la dependencia regional, para validar el comportamiento en magnitudes de las CD estimadas con el enfoque univariado.…”
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