A comparative study evaluating three line immunoassays available for serodiagnosis of equine Lyme borreliosis: Detection of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato-specific antibodies in s... by Cornelia V Broeckl, Stephanie Hiereth, Reinhard K Straubinger

“…They are presented as inter-rater agreement and statistic reliability, represented by the Fleiss' kappa coefficient. Agreement scores ranged from poor to moderate depending on group and time-point of blood sample collection. …”
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A Spatial–Temporal Difference Aggregation Network for Gaofen-2 Multitemporal Image in Cropland Change Area by Chuang Liu, Liyang Bao, Zhiqi Zhang

“…The experimental results indicate that the proposed STDAN achieves the highest <italic>F</italic>1, IOU, OA, and Kappa scores at 79.63&#x0025;, 66.16&#x0025;, 97.05&#x0025;, and 78.04&#x0025;, respectively, on the Gaofen-2 cropland data. …”
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Conditional knockdown of hepatic PCSK9 ameliorates high-fat diet-induced liver inflammation in mice by Xue-Ying Zhang, Qing-Qing Lu, Yan-Jie Li, Shan-Rui Shi, Chao-Nan Ma, Miao Miao, Shou-Dong Guo

“…Mechanistically, conditional knockdown of hepatic PCSK9 significantly reduced the levels of pro-inflammatory factors by downregulating the expression of Toll-like receptors, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and phosphoinositide-3 kinase/protein kinase B, which subsequently attenuated the expression of downstream molecules, namely nuclear factor kappa-B and activator protein-1. The related mechanisms were confirmed using lipid-loaded HepG2 cells together with PCSK9 siRNA, alirocumab (anti-PCSK9 antibody), and/or a p38-MAPK inhibitor. …”
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Characteristics of Land Use Changes in Nansha District,Guangzhou Based on GF-1 Remote Sensing Images by CHEN Guangcheng, YU Huanghao, LI Binquan, CHEN Cheng, XU Dong, SUN Jinyan

“…The type of land use can reflect regional economic,social,and ecological benefits.In order to gain a deeper understanding of the composition and changes of land use in Nansha District,this paper selected the GF-1 PMS data in 2016,2017,and 2022 for preprocessing and used support vector machine algorithm oriented to supervised classification for remote sensing image interpretation.According to the results of field investigation and correction,the overall accuracy of the corrected land-use products was above 90%,and the Kappa coefficient was above 0.85.The land use transfer matrix in Nansha District from 2017 to 2021 was constructed,and a comparative analysis was carried out in combination with the land use planning in 2025.In 2017,the main land use type in Nansha District was water area,accounting for 40%.By 2021,the impervious surface has increased by 10% (14.39 km²),mainly from the transfer of cultivated land (8.06 km²) and water area (7.48 km²).The water area has decreased by 3% (10.63 km²),of which the conversion to impervious surface accounts for 70% of the total reduction area;cultivated land,forests,and grasslands have a small reduction.The urbanization process of Huangge Town and Nansha Street is the fastest,and the impervious surface area has increased significantly.The cultivated land in Dongchong Town and Dagang Town has been reduced on a small scale.A large amount of water areas in Wanqingsha Town and Longxue Street have been invaded by impervious surfaces.Compared with the overall urban planning of Nansha District in 2025,except for Zhujiang Street and Wanqingsha Town,the construction of the underlying surface of other towns and streets in Nansha District is basically completed.At the same time,the proportion of water areas,forests,and grasslands in Nansha District that are encroached by impervious surfaces is relatively high.In order to avoid damage to the ecological environment,it is necessary to strike a balance between social and economic development and ecological environment protection.…”
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Yindanxinnaotong, a Chinese compound medicine, synergistically attenuatesatherosclerosis progress by Long Cheng, Guo-feng Pan, Xiao-dong Zhang, Jian-lu Wang, Wan-dan Wang, Jian-yong Zhang, Hui Wang, Ri-xin Liang, Xiao-bo Sun

“…Overall, these resultsdemonstrated that YD intervention relieves atherosclerosis through regulatinglipids, reducing lipid particle deposition in the endothelial layer of artery,enhancing antioxidant power and repressing inflammation activity by inhibiting thenuclear factor-kappa B signal pathway.…”
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A composite improved attention convolutional network for motor imagery EEG classification by Wenzhe Liao, Zipeng Miao, Shuaibo Liang, Linyan Zhang, Chen Li

“…CIACNet utilizes a dual-branch convolutional neural network (CNN) to extract rich temporal features, an improved convolutional block attention module (CBAM) to enhance feature extraction, temporal convolutional network (TCN) to capture advanced temporal features, and multi-level feature concatenation for more comprehensive feature representation.ResultsThe CIACNet model performs well on both the BCI IV-2a and BCI IV-2b datasets, achieving accuracies of 85.15 and 90.05%, respectively, with a kappa score of 0.80 on both datasets. These results indicate that the CIACNet model’s classification performance exceeds that of four other comparative models.ConclusionExperimental results demonstrate that the proposed CIACNet model has strong classification capabilities and low time cost. …”
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T-Cell Large Granular Lymphocytic Leukemia with Extremely Rare Immunophenotype (CD4/CD8 Double-Positive) Followed by Multiple Myeloma Diagnosis by Dina Soliman, Sherin Sallam, Susanna Akiki, Deena Mudawi, Feryal Ibrahim

“…Six months later, she presented with persistent lower back pain and diagnosed with IgG kappa multiple myeloma. CD4/CD8 double-positive T-large granular leukemia is the first case reported in the literature. …”
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Efficacy of Xpert MTB/RIF assay in detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis in samples with different results by smear and culture in a coastal city with high incidence of tuberculosis by Gang Feng, Hongyu Jiang, Ying Chen

“…Information on RR detected by the Xpert method and proportional method of drug sensitivity test (DST) was also recorded and kappa values, sensitivity, and specificity were calculated. …”
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Land cover classification for Siberia leveraging diverse global land cover datasets by Munseon Beak, Kazuhito Ichii, Yuhei Yamamoto, Ruci Wang, Beichen Zhang, Ram C. Sharma, Tetsuya Hiyama

“…The validations showed that: (a) the generated new land cover data achieved the highest overall accuracy (85.04%) and kappa coefficient (82.62%); (b) the classifications of mixed forest (user accuracy: 97.85%) and grasses (user accuracy: 94.85%) demonstrated improvements, showing higher performance compared to most other types; and (c) by comparing the distribution of land cover across climate zones, we discovered that temperature is a critical factor throughout Siberia. …”
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Impact of modulating leptin sensitivity on the transcriptomic profile of adult-derived hypothalamic mouse neurons by Ewa Ocłoń, Artur Gurgul, Tomasz Szmatoła, Igor Jasielczuk, Miroslaw Kucharski, Joanna Zubel-Łojek, Dorota Anna Zieba

“…To this end, 3’ mRNA-Seq transcriptome analysis was employed, unexpectedly revealing downregulation of key genes associated with the NOD-like receptor signaling pathway (Irf9, Mapk3, Stat2, Nfkbia, Ikbkg, Rela, Cxcl1, and Traf5), the C-type lectin receptor signaling pathway (Nfkb2, Irf9, Mapk3, Stat2, Nfkbia, Ikbkg, Rela, and Ptgs2), the NF kappa B signaling pathway (Nfkbia, Ikbkg, Nfkb2, Rela, Traf5, Cxcl1, and Ptgs2), and the IL 17 signaling pathway (Nfkbia, Ikbkg, Mapk3, Rela, Traf5, Cxcl1, and Ptgs2). …”
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Comparison of clinicopathological characteristics of young and old North Indian patients of oral squamous cell carcinoma by G. Sharma, M. Kamboj, A. Narwal, A. Devi, J. Yadav, M. Sharma

“…The data collected were statistically analysed using descriptive analysis, chi-square, kappa and multinomial logistic regression tests. …”
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Detection of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in dairy cattle from Shahrekord, Iran by M. Rahmani Dehkordi, Z. Hemati, M. Ghorbanpour, R. Goethe, L. Abdolmohammadi Khiav

“…Furthermore, there wass a good agreement between ZN-staining and IS900-PCR (Kappa value 0.66). Sensitivity and negative predictive value of the IS900-PCR was determined as 100%. …”

The Relation Between the Metopic Suture Persistence and Frontal Sinus Volume and Olfactory Fossa Depth: A Reliability Study with Semiautomatic Volume Measurement by Başak Atalay, Mehmet Bilgin Eser

“…Interobserver agreement was evaluated with the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Cohen’s kappa coefficient (κ). Results: The prevalence of PMS was found to be 4.99% [95% confidence interval (CI): 4.03-6.17]. …”
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Protective effects of Bifidobacterium breve on imiquimod-induced psoriasis in mice through secondary bile acid production and FXR-TLR4/NF-κB pathway by Xinqi Chen, Yang Chen, Catherine Stanton, R.Paul Ross, Jianxin Zhao, Bo Yang, Wei Chen

“…Additionally, the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) in the skin was activated and the expression of the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/ nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) pathway was inhibited, and the downstream interleukin (IL)-17 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were downregulated whereas IL-10 was up- regulated. …”
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Variations in the Urinary Iodine Concentration and Urinary Iodine/Creatinine Ratio among Preschool Children by Dong An, Rui Yang, Yuping Du, Xuan Wang, Ying Yang, Wenxing Guo, Junhong Yang, Dongmei Meng, Weiwei Gao, Jiayi Zhang, Wen Chen, Wanqi Zhang

“…In addition, the UIC and UI/Cr ratio showed moderate correlations (r = 0.52, P < 0.001), with kappa values of 0.42 in assessing iodine nutrition. …”
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Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) Signal Analysis Using Automated Generated Projection Images by Xingwei Wang, Xiaodong Chen, Yuhua Li, Hong Liu, Shibo Li, Roy R. Zhang, Bin Zheng

“…To assess CAD performance, the FISH-probed signals were also independently visually detected by an observer. The Kappa coefficients for agreement between CAD and observer ranged from 0.69 to 1.0 in detecting/counting FISH signal spots in four testing samples. …”
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Self-Movement Screening using the Symmio Application is Reliable and Valid for Identifying Musculoskeletal Risk Factors by Kyle Matsel, Jonathan Kirsch, Tessa Netelbeek, Rolando Rodriguez, Ervin Velic, Kate Schwartzkopf-Phifer

“… # Results The mean Cohen's kappa coefficient was 0.68 (95% CI, 0.47-0.87) and the absolute agreement was 89% between self-assessment of subjects and the observation of a trained healthcare provider. …”
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Feasibility of YOLOX computer model-based assessment of knee function compared with manual assessment for people with severe knee osteoarthritis by Tao Yang, Jie Zhao, Ben Wang, Li Wang, Hengzhe Bao, Bing Li, Wen Luo, Huiwen Zhao, Jun Liu

“…To assess the computer model’s automatic evaluation of knee joint function, MedCalc 20 statistical software was used to analyze the consistency of the Lequesne functional index between the computer model’s automated determinations and manual independent assessments. Results The weighted kappa coefficients between the doctors’ assessments and the software system’s assessments were 0.76 (95% confidence intervals:0.59 ~ 0.92) for climbing up and down stairs, 0.64 (95% confidence intervals:0.45 ~ 0.82) for walking on uneven floors, and 0.68 (95% confidence intervals:0.53 ~ 0.84) for the Lequesne functional index, indicating good consistency between the assessments of the software system and doctors. …”
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Curcumin Attenuation of Wear Particle-Induced Osteolysis via RANKL Signaling Pathway Suppression in Mouse Calvarial Model by Tao Cheng, Yaochao Zhao, Bin Li, Mengqi Cheng, Jiaxing Wang, Xianlong Zhang

“…Furthermore, CUR downregulated the osteoclast-specific gene expression and reversed the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL)/osteoprotegerin messenger RNA and protein ratio in PMMA particle-stimulated mice. …”
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Digital Models as an Alternative to Plaster Casts in Assessment of Orthodontic Treatment Outcomes by Chung-Yan Vanessa Leung, Yanqi Yang, Chongshan Liao, Urban Hägg, Ricky Wing Kit Wong, Colman McGrath, Min Gu

“…Categorization of improvement level was compared using Kappa (κ) statistics. Results. There was no significant difference in neither PAR scores (p > 0.05) nor ICON scores (p > 0.05) between digital and plaster cast assessments. …”
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