Evaluation of the Potential Prognostic Value of Tumor Budding in Laryngeal Carcinoma by Conventional and Immunohistochemical Staining by Nermine M. Abd Raboh, Ossama M. Mady, Sarah A. Hakim

“…There was a moderate agreement between H&E and IHC by pancytokeratin as regards detection of budding among study cases (kappa=0.593). Conclusions. Tumor budding was correlated with poor prognostic clinicopathologic indicators in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. …”
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Designing a Heutagogy Curriculum Template for the Second Level of High School by Ziba Nikmohammadi, Nahid shafiee, Alireza Araghieh

“…In the qualitative section, the Lausche coefficient (CVR) was used to check the content and Cohen's kappa coefficient was used to check the reliability. …”
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TLR2 Elicits IL-17-Mediated RANKL Expression, IL-17, and OPG Production in Neutrophils from Arthritic Mice by Viktoriya Milanova, Nina Ivanovska, Petya Dimitrova

“…We investigated the ability of neutrophils to express receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL), to secrete osteoprotegerin (OPG), and to produce IL-17. …”
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Evaluating AI-generated responses from different chatbots to soil science-related questions by Javad Khanifar

“…The LLMs were compared using Cohen's Kappa coefficient and the Chi-Square test. The study results indicated that the overall performance of chatbots powered by Claude 3.5 Sonnet and GPT-4o was comparable, as both models correctly answered 64.80 % of the questions. …”
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Identification and investigation of the area under cultivation in Lenjanat using Landsat 8 satellite images by Vahid Riahi, Parviz Zeaiean Firouzabadi, Farhad Azizpour, Parastoo Darouei

“…To evaluate the accuracy of the results, the produced maps were examined with reference data. Kappa coefficient and overall accuracy were 0.88 and 90%, respectively, in maximum likelihood classification, and 0.90 and 93%, respectively, in NDVI. …”
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ÜNİVERSİTE ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN YEREL GAZETE OKUMA ALIŞKANLIKLARI: KONYA ÖRNEĞİ by M. Yeşil

“…İşte birçok yapısal problem nedeniyle ayakta kalma mücadelesi veren yerel basının ne düzeyde ilgi gördüğü ve takip edildiği bu çalışmanın ana sorunsalı niteliğindedir. …”
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Clinical severity grading of NF2-related schwannomatosis by Anna C. Lawson McLean, Denise Löschner, Said Farschtschi, Nora F. Dengler, Steffen K. Rosahl

“…There was substantial inter-rater reliability between 3 raters with different levels of clinical experience (Fleiss’ kappa = 0.62). The severity grades correlated significantly with hospitalization, number of operations and dependency on implants (such as cochlear implant, auditory brain-stem implants or ventriculoperitoneal shunts). …”
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Descriptive Phenomenology from Instances of Dishonesty in Psychotherapy by Psychotherapists by Hossein Alipour, Mahdi Akbari

“…The seven-step Colaisi descriptive method was employed to analyze the data.Results: Results showed that coding reliability, measured by Cohen's Kappa agreement across five axes from four raters, yielded an average score of 0.81 (ranging from 0.72 to 0.91). …”
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Brown Assessment of Beliefs Scale: A Study of Reliability and Validity by Türkan ÖZCAN, Erkan KURU, Yasir ÞAFAK, M. Emrah KARADERE, K. Fatih YAVUZ, M. Hakan TURKÇAPAR

“…Results: Interrater reliability (Kappa =0.54-0.83) and test&#150;retest reliability (r=0.80-0.96, p<0.001) for the total score and individual item scores was excellent with a high degree of internal consistency (Cronbach alfa=0.90). …”
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Effect of 3-hydrazinylquinoxaline-2-thiol hydrogel on skin wound healing process in diabetic rats by Jehan Barakat Alamre, Huda Alkreathy, Ahmed S. Ali, Abdelbagi Alfadil, Sahar S. Alghamdi

“…The healing effect was additionally evaluated by the inhibition of the inflammatory response of interleukin (IL)—1β interleukin (IL)—6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) with a marked improvement of the transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ-1), antioxidant markers and collagen-1. …”
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Detection of Eight Respiratory Bacterial Pathogens Based on Multiplex Real-Time PCR with Fluorescence Melting Curve Analysis by Liuyang Hu, Bing Han, Qin Tong, Hui xiao, Donglin Cao

“…Multiplex real-time PCR with fluorescence MCA showed a sensitivity greater than 80% and a 100% specificity for each pathogen. The kappa correlation of eight bacteria ranged from 0.89 to 1.00, and the coefficient of variation ranged from 0.05% to 0.80%. …”
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Development and evaluation of a single-tube nested PCR with colorimetric assay for Mycobacterium tuberculosis detection by Marcela Pereira Salazar, Juliana Figueiredo da Costa Lima Suassuna Monteiro, Wlisses Henrique Veloso Carvalho-Silva, George Tadeu Nunes Diniz, Roberto Pereira Werkhauser, Lílian Maria Lapa Montenegro, Haiana Charifker Schindler

“…Its general sensitivity and specificity were 76.62 and 60.53%, respectively, with kappa index agreement of 0.166.…”
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Cystatin C-Based Equations Detect Hidden Kidney Disease and Poor Prognosis in Newly Diagnosed Patients with Multiple Myeloma by Francisco-Javier Cepeda-Piorno, Esther González-García, Alba Méndez-Gallego, Juan Torres-Varona, Vanesa García-Moreira, Christian Sordo-Bahamonde, Cristina AlberdiGarcía-del-Castillo, Elene Astobieta-Madariaga, Maria-Victoria Mateos-Manteca, Segundo González-Rodríguez

“…Renal function was evaluated prospectively in 61 patients with newly diagnosed untreated MM employing CKD-EPI and CAPA equations. The comparison was conducted using Bland–Altman graphics and Cohen’s Kappa statistic. …”
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Nadir İbrahimi’nin Ateş Bedun-i Dûd Romanında Türkmenlerin Var Olma ve Birlik Mücadelesi by Ayşe Sosar

“… Ateş Bedun-i Dûd (Dumansız Ateş), modern İran edebiyatının önde gelen isimlerinden romancı, öykü yazarı, senarist ve yönetmen Nadir İbrahimi’nin İran Türkmenleriyle ilgili kaleme aldığı yedi ciltlik eseridir. Kaçarlar döneminin (1796-1925) ortalarında başlayan ve baba-oğul Pehlevi döneminin (1925-1979) son yıllarına kadar uzanan zaman dilimini içine alan romanda yazar, İran tarihinin yaklaşık yüz elli yıllık panoramasını gözler önüne serer ve olayların geçmişi hakkında okuyucuya geniş bilgiler verir. …”
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Türk Sineması’nda Engelli Kadın Temsilinin Sosyal Hizmet Bakış Açısıyla İncelenmesi by Bircan Karasu, Fatma Kahraman Güloğlu

“…Filmlerin içerikleri sekiz tema öbeği altında toplanmıştır: Kurban edilme, kurbanlaştırma; cinsiyetsizleştirme veya kadın olduğunu vurgulama, erkeksilik, cinsel şiddet mağduru olma; muhtaç, çaresiz, savunmasız olma, desteğe ihtiyaç duyma; kısıtlama, aşırı koruyup kollanma; duyarsız kalma, dışlanma, aşağılama; saklı, sessiz, pasif; bağımlı olma; negatif imajlarla mücadele. …”
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Kadınların Ekolojik Kaygıları ve Çocukları Hakkındaki Gelecek Endişeleri: Küresel Problemlerin Sonuçları mı? by Deniz Kocoglu Tanyer, Leyla Sümeyye Kılıç

“…Ekonomik düzeyi düşük olanların çevre sorunlarını daha çok düşündükleri, kırsalda yaşayanların daha çok kaygı duydukları; savaş, yoksulluk, göç nedeniyle ekonomik korku ve işsiz kalma korkusu yaşayanların yaşamayanlara göre çevre sorunlarını daha çok düşündükleri ve daha fazla kaygı yaşadıkları saptanmıştır. …”
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Looking into the Content of the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM): A Danish Cross-Sectional Study by Anette Enemark Larsen, Sonja Wehberg, Jeanette Reffstrup Christensen

“…The interrater agreement of the OPI classification was only fair (kappa 0.3). Conclusion. The content validity of the COPM seems to depend on how and with which clients it is administered. …”
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MARCHF8-mediated ubiquitination via TGFBI regulates NF-κB dependent inflammatory responses and ECM degradation in intervertebral disc degeneration. by Xingpeng Zhang, Guang Li, Fang Tan, Tao Yu, Chengping Xu, Kai Li, Feng Zhang, Meiyan Zhang, Jian Wang

“…<h4>Objective</h4>Identify key modules associated with IDD and understand the impact of TGFBI on nucleus pulposus (NP) cell behavior, extracellular matrix (ECM)-related proteins, and the Nuclear Factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of Activated B cells (NF-κB) signaling pathway.…”
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Validation of a Simple Score for Mortality Prediction in a Cohort of Unselected Emergency Patients by Jeannette-Marie Busch, Isabelle Arnold, John Kellett, Mikkel Brabrand, Roland Bingisser, Christian H. Nickel

“…Interrater reliability was calculated using percentages and Cohens Kappa. Results. Out of 5648 patients, 3272 (57.9%) had a low SPS (i.e., ≤ 1); none of these patients died within 7 days, 2 (0.1%) died within 30 days after presentation and 19 (0.6%) died within a year. …”
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Efficient Handling of Data Imbalance in Health Insurance Fraud Detection Using Meta-Reinforcement Learning by Supriya Seshagiri, K. V. Prema

“…The efficiency of the models is measured using imbalance-safe metrics like Geometric mean, Harmonic mean, and Mathew&#x2019;s Correlation Coefficient (MCC), and metrics like Cohen&#x2019;s Kappa score are used to gauge the consistency of the results. …”
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