Key considerations based on pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic in the design of antibody-drug conjugates by Yangyang Gao, Yuwei Xia, Yixin Chen, Shiqi Zhou, Yingying Fang, Jieru Yu, Leyin Zhang, Leyin Zhang, Leitao Sun, Leitao Sun, Leitao Sun

“…However, complexity of its structural composition poses a greater difficulty for drug design studies.ObjectivesPharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) based consideration of ADCs has increasingly become a hot research topic for optimal drug design in recent years, providing possible ideas for obtaining ADCs with desirable properties.MethodsFrom the assessment of the ADC action process based on PK/PD, we introduce the main research strategies of ADCs. In addition, we investigated the strategies to solve the prominent problems of ADC in the clinic in recent years, and summarized and evaluated the specific ways to optimize various problems of ADC based on the PK/PD model from two perspectives of optimizing the structure and properties of the drugs themselves. …”
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Effect of Cu content on microstructure and high-temperature oxidation behaviors of AlCuxCoCrFeNi2.1 high-entropy alloys manufactured by laser directed energy deposition by Zhaoyang Liu, Jiawei Liu, Xiaokang Fan, Tao Zou, Zhongwei Liang

“…In this study, thin-wall builds of AlCuxCoCrFeNi2.1 (x = 0.00, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.00, 1.25) high-entropy alloys were additively manufactured by laser direct energy deposition process. …”
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Identification of Alzheimer’s Disease Progression Stages Using Topological Measures of Resting-State Functional Connectivity Networks: A Comparative Study by Zhanxiong Wu, Jinhui Wu, Xumin Chen, Xun Li, Jian Shen, Hui Hong

“…A total of 54 subjects from Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ANDI) database, divided into healthy control (HC), mild cognition impairment (MCI), and AD groups, were included in this study. …”
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Comparative analysis between abdominal aortic aneurysm and popliteal artery aneurysm by Marcos Vinícius Melo de Oliveira, MD, PhD, Alexandre Malta Brandão, MD, PhD, Gina Camillo Rocha Silvestre, BS, Alexandre Queiroz Silva, BS, Michele Alberto Marques, BS, Marcia Martins Reis, PhD, Maria de Lourdes Higuchi, MD, PhD, Erasmo Simão da Silva, MD, PhD

“…Regarding immunohistochemical markers, AAA exhibited more B lymphocyte cells in the adventitia (CD20 1475.50 vs 320; P = .003) compared with PAA. Additionally, AAA demonstrated more adipogenic differentiation in the adventitia (PPARgamma 4854.50 vs 778; P = .009), whereas PAA showed more adipogenic differentiation in the intima (KLF5 283.50 vs 77.50; P = .039). …”
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Loss of Type 2 Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptor Activates NOD‐Like Receptor Family Protein 3/Gasdermin E‐Mediated Pyroptosis in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension by Xiao‐ting Tian, Zhou‐yang‐fan Peng, Yu‐si Wu, Yuan‐yuan Cao, Xue‐chun Li, Ying Li, Si‐Yuan Tang, Alex F. Chen, Xiao‐hui Li

“…METHODS AND RESULTS NLRP3 knockout or short hairpin RNA interference of GSDME was performed in PAH animal models to investigate its effect on PAH progression. In addition, the effects of BMPR2 deficiency and restoration of BMPR2 by BMP9 (bone morphogenetic protein 9) or FK506 on pyroptosis were explored both in animal and cell models. …”
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Association of FMO3 Variants with Blood Pressure in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study by Tyler S. Bryant, Priya Duggal, Bing Yu, Alanna C. Morrison, Tariq Shafi, Georg Ehret, Nora Franceschini, Eric Boerwinkle, Josef Coresh, Adrienne Tin

“…These associations were not significant with additional samples: E158K in a meta-analysis of SBP of African ancestry (N=30,841, p=0.43) that included ARIC participants and the two low frequency variants in an independent ancestry-specific exome sequencing study of blood pressure (rs200985584, p=0.94; rs75904274, p=0.81). …”
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mHealth-based intervention by community workers to support family caregivers of persons with dementia living at home: study protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial by Pankaj Bhardwaj, Hanne Konradsen, Manoj Kumar Gupta, Abhik Sinha, Nitin Kumar Joshi, Suresh K Sharma, Naresh Nebhinani, Marie Tyrrell, Åsa G Craftman, Zarina Nahar Kabir

“…The methodology includes several key phases: a needs assessment to understand caregiver requirements, the development of the mHealth application, comprehensive training for ASHAs and a thorough evaluation of the intervention’s impact.The effectiveness of the intervention will be measured through quantitative assessments of stress reduction, depressive symptoms and quality of life improvements, alongside qualitative insights from stakeholders. Additionally, usability and cost analyses will be conducted to evaluate the practicality and economic feasibility of the intervention.The expected outcomes of this study include the creation of a scalable mHealth platform that facilitates remote support, bridges geographical gaps and enhances the well-being of caregivers in India’s evolving healthcare landscape.Ethics and dissemination Ethical approval has been obtained from the Institutional Ethical Committee of AIIMS Jodhpur (AIIMS/IEC/2022/4245).Trial registration number Clinical Trials Registry: CTRI/2022/12/048320.…”
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Comparing the efficacy of different methods in assessing cervical stromal invasion in endometrial carcinoma: a retrospective study of 2,020 patients by Ying Yang, Ying Yang, Zhijun Ye, Zhijun Ye, Yifei Zhao, Yifei Zhao, Zhengyu Li, Zhengyu Li

“…Using the postoperative pathological diagnosis as the gold standard, the diagnostic efficacies of different preoperative methods were analyzed. Additionally, influencing factors of CSI were examined by univariate and multivariate analyses.ResultsThe sensitivity (Sens.), specificity (Spec.), accuracy (Acc.), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), Youden’s index, and Kappa value of the MRI vs. …”
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Reinvestigation into the role of lipopolysaccharide Glycosyltransferases in Helicobacter pylori protein glycosylation by Hong Li, Xiaoqiong Tang, Tiandi Yang, Tingting Liao, Aleksandra W. Debowski, Tiankuo Yang, Yalin Shen, Hans-Olof Nilsson, Stuart M. Haslam, Barbara Mulloy, Anne Dell, Keith A. Stubbs, Wolfgang Fischer, Rainer Haas, Hong Tang, Barry J. Marshall, Mohammed Benghezal

“…In Helicobacter pylori, glycosylation of flagellins A and B with pseudaminic acid have been rigorously confirmed and shown to be essential for flagella assembly and bacterial colonization. In addition to flagellins, several other proteins including RecA, AlpA/B, and BabA/B in H. pylori have also been reported to be glycosylated and to be dependent on the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) biosynthetic pathway. …”
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Cell-free DNA: a metabolic byproduct with diagnostic and prognostic potential in rheumatic disorders by Fancheng Liu, Fancheng Liu, Yazhen Su, Yazhen Su, Xinling Liu, Li Zhao, Li Zhao, Zewen Wu, Zewen Wu, Yang Liu, Yang Liu, Liyun Zhang, Liyun Zhang

“…Reducing excess cfDNA may help improve inflammation. Additionally, several trials have demonstrated a correlation between cfDNA concentrations and the activity of rheumatic diseases, indicating the potential of cfDNA, a novel marker for inflammation, in conjunction with C-creative protein (CRP), Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) to monitor disease activity in rheumatic conditions. …”
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Quantitative Validation of Hematocrit Percentage Drop Cutoff Points in Postpartum Hemorrhage: An Automated Gravimetric Approach by Venance Basil Kway, José Enrique Calacuayo Rojas, Josué Sidonio Rodríguez Cuevas, Ursula Medina Moreno, José Sergio Camacho Juárez, Jorge Francisco Ayala González, Karla Krebs Larraga, Ilse Veronica Castro Martinez, Roberto Arturo Castillo Reyther, Antonio Gordillo Moscoso, Yang Pan

“…The automated gravimetric method strongly correlates with hematocrit changes, providing an accurate real-time diagnosis of PPH. Additionally, a hematocrit percentage drop can retrospectively indicate significant blood loss, aiding in managing patients at risk for long-term PPH complications.…”
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Repeated low-intensity noise exposure exacerbates age-related hearing loss via RAGE signaling pathway by Jianbin Sun, Na Sai, Tong Zhang, Chaoying Tang, Shuhang Fan, Qin Wang, Da Liu, Xianhai Zeng, Juanjuan Li, Weiwei Guo, Shiming Yang, Weiju Han

“…Further analysis confirmed increased levels of inflammatory cytokines in the cochlear lymph fluid and significant macrophages infiltration in the cochlear lateral wall, accompanied by hyperpermeability of the blood-labyrinth barrier. Additionally, degenerated mitochondria in the outer hair cells and decreased synaptic ribbons in the inner hair cells were also observed. …”
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Deep application of controlled-release urea increases the yield and saponin content of Panax notoginseng by regulating soil nitrate distribution by Yun-xia Su, Yun-xia Su, Yun-xia Su, Ping Zhao, Li-jie Jia, Li-jie Jia, Li-jie Jia, Yuan-feng Cao, Guan-ze Liu, Guan-ze Liu, Jun-wen Chen, Jun-wen Chen, Sheng-chao Yang, Sheng-chao Yang, Yan-li Zhou, Guang-qiang Long, Guang-qiang Long, Guang-qiang Long

“…However, its effects on P. notoginseng yield and quality, a medicinal plant with a prolonged nutrient acquisition duration, remain unclear.MethodsIn this study, we conducted a two-year field plot experiment to investigate the effect of CRU on P. notoginseng with three placement depths (0, 6, and 12 cm denoted as R0, R6, and R12, respectively) at an application dosage of 250 kg N ha-1 with biochar addition (R6B) and 20% N reduction (R6R) based on the R6, with conventional fertilization (250 kg N ha-1, common urea) serving as the control (CK).ResultsOur results indicated that yields increased by 27.1–37.6% with R0, R6, R12, and R6B, while remaining stable with R6R compared to CK. …”
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Evaluation of the Efficacy of Lusutrombopag for Chronic Liver Disease Based on Pre‐Treatment Platelet Counts: A Retrospective Multicenter Study by Takayoshi Suga, Satoru Kakizaki, Atsushi Naganuma, Takeshi Hatanaka, Satoshi Takakusagi, Daichi Takizawa, Hirotaka Arai, Takashi Ueno, Keisuke Iizuka, Toru Fukuchi, Shuichi Saito, Hiroki Tojima, Yuichi Yamazaki, Toshio Uraoka

“…Discussion Lusutrombopag increases platelet count regardless of pretreatment levels, but efficacy, defined as achieving a platelet count of ≥ 50 000/μL, may be insufficient in patients with a pretreatment platelet count < 40 000/μL. Additionally, patients with non‐viral liver disease responded less well to treatment compared to those with viral liver disease. …”
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Improvement of soil health and crop production through utilization of organic wastes: A sustainable approach by R.Y. Hiranmai, Ajay Neeraj, Parul Vats

“…Conclusion: Using waste management techniques and converting biowaste into manure for enhancing agricultural productivity provides sustainable agriculture practices in addition to pollution reduction. Research highlights  ·       Using solid organic waste management techniques to address major environmental issues is crucial. ·       By combining scientific techniques with traditional practices, biowaste can be managed in an efficient and sustainable way, minimizing health risks and environmental contamination. ·       In-situ and ex-situ management practices, as well as composting, improve soil fertility and crop productivity by transforming waste into nutrients. ·       A variety of biowastes can contribute to increased soil fertility, greater crop yields, and reduced residues.…”
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Superior biomechanical stability of pedicle screws compared to lateral mass screws: recommendations for bicortical positioning and enhancing bone contact in geriatric C1 vertebrae by Leon-Gordian Leonhardt, Leonie Rörup, Anna Lena Kammal, Michael Hahn, Marc Dreimann, Benjamin Ondruschka, Felix Nikolai von Brackel, Tim Rolvien, Lennart Viezens, Simon von Kroge

“…Additionally, the mechanical stability of LMS and PS fixation in mono- and bicortical positioning was tested by mechanical loading. …”
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Sealing Ability of AH Plus and GuttaFlow Bioseal by Soo-Hyuk Lee, Soram Oh, Adel Saeed Al-Ghamdi, Ayman Omar Mandorah, Kee-Yeon Kum, Seok Woo Chang

“…The fluid flow in root canal-filled teeth using either gutta-percha cone (GP) with AH (GAR; n = 10) or GP with GB (GBR; n = 10) and in GP inserted in AH blocks (GA; n = 10) or GP inserted in GB blocks (GB; n = 10) was measured. In addition, fluid flow in sealer blocks of AH (A; n = 10) and GB (B; n = 10), which served as negative controls, was measured. …”
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Humic Acid Enhances Antioxidant and Glyoxalase Systems to Combat Copper Toxicity in Citrus by Wei-Tao Huang, Xu-Feng Chen, Wei-Lin Huang, Qian Shen, Fei Lu, Ning-Wei Lai, Jiuxin Guo, Lin-Tong Yang, Xin Ye, Li-Song Chen

“…Also, Cu400 increased the leaf HPR at HA0, but not at HA0.5. The addition of HA reduced the Cu400-induced production and accumulation of reactive oxygen species and methylglyoxal and alleviated the impairment of Cu400 to the antioxidant defense system (ascorbate-glutathione cycle, antioxidant enzymes, sulfur-containing compounds, and sulfur-metabolizing enzymes) and glyoxalase system in roots and leaves. …”
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Relevance of plant growth-promoting bacteria in reducing the severity of tomato wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici by altering metabolites and related genes by Waquar Akhter Ansari, Ram Krishna, Sarvesh Pratap Kashyap, Khalid Mashay Al-Anazi, Mohammad Abul Farah, Durgesh Kumar Jaiswal, Akhilesh Yadav, Mohammad Tarique Zeyad, Jay Prakash Verma

“…A lower level of H2O2 and malondialdehyde (MDA) was observed in the T3 and T4 treatments. In addition, proline accumulation was highest in the T3-treated plants. …”
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Inequalities in physical comorbidity: a longitudinal comparative cohort study of people with severe mental illness in the UK by Tim Doran, Darren M Ashcroft, Evangelos Kontopantelis, David Reeves, Siobhan Reilly, Claire Planner, Ivan Olier, Linda Gask

“…A greater increase in the mean number of additional conditions was observed in the SMI population over the study period (0.6 in 2000/2001 to 1.0 in 2011/2012) compared with those without SMI (0.5 in 2000/2001 to 0.6 in 2011/2012). …”
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