The Issues of the Sixth Dalai Lama and the Transformation of Qing Information System on Tibet by Ling-Wei Kung

“…After having been deceived by the Géluk government about the death of the Fifth Dalai Lama for almost 15 years, the Qing empire decided to strengthen its surveillance on Tibet by deploying espionage networks operated by spy lamas based in Xining and Dartsédo on Sino–Tibetan borderlands. …”
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Long-term wage inequality in imperial China: From 202 BCE to 1912 CE. by Qiang Wu, Guangyu Tong, Peng Zhou

“…This paper attempts to describe and explain the long-term evolution of wage inequality in imperial China, covering over two millennia from the Han dynasty to the Qing dynasty (202 BCE-1912 CE). Based on historical government records of official salaries, commodity prices, and agricultural productivity, we convert various forms of salaries to equivalent rice volumes and comparable salary benchmarks. …”
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