The American Society of Pain and Neuroscience (ASPN) Guidelines and Consensus on the Definition, Current Evidence, Clinical Use and Future Applications for Physiologic Closed-Loop... by Pope JE, Deer TR, Sayed D, Antony AB, Bhandal HS, Calodney AK, Chakravarthy K, Costandi S, Diep J, Durbhakula S, Fishman MA, Gilligan C, Goree JH, Guirguis M, Hagedorn JM, Hunter CW, Kallewaard JW, Kapural L, Lam CM, Li S, Mayrsohn B, Nijhuis H, Nikolic S, Petersen EA, Poree LR, Puri SK, Reece DE, Rosen SM, Russo MA, Shah JM, Staats PS, Verrills P, Vu CM, Levy RM, Mekhail N

“…Appreciating the dynamic nature of electrical modulation of the nervous system from the epidural space, the goal has been consistent, reliable, and therapeutic neural activation of the spinal cord. …”
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