La frontière entre le bilād al-islām et le bilād al-Nūba : enjeux et ambiguïtés d’une frontière immobile (VIIe-XIIe siècle) by Robin Seignobos

“…These specificities were not devoid of consequences on the perception of the frontier between Islamic countries and Nubia. When delimiting bilād al-islām, Arabic geographers unanimously agreed in designating Aswan as the last frontier-town of Islam, in charge of defending Egyptian territory from potential Nubian enemies.A closer examination of the sources brings to light the unexpected complexity of this frontier system. …”
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Earnings Quality Drivers: Do Firm Attributes and Ownership Structure Matter in Emerging Stock Markets? by Fahad Alrobai, Ahmed A. Alrashed, Maged M. Albaz

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