Characterization of Pathogenic Bacteria Isolated from Sudanese Banknotes and Determination of Their Resistance Profile by Noha Ahmed Abd Alfadil, Malik Suliman Mohamed, Manal M. Ali, El Amin Ibrahim El Nima

“…Bacterial prevalence was determined using culture-based techniques, and their sensitivity patterns were determined using the Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method. Genotypic identification was carried out using PCR and 16S rDNA sequencing. …”
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Analysis of Liposoluble Composition, Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities of Artemisia argyi in Zhangjiakou by Yongbin XU, Xinmin XIONG, Youduo HE, Jia CUI, Jiangang TUO, Hongyu ZHAO

“…The results showed that 41 chemical components were detected in the liposoluble components of Zhangjiakou Artemisia argyi. …”
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Antimicrobial susceptibility, biofilm formation, and virulence genes among atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli stool isolates in Tehran, Iran by Shahnaz Halimi, Akram Rezaei, Shirin Mohebi, Farhad Bonakdar Hashemi

“…The antimicrobial resistance was assessed by disk diffusion assay. Biofilm formation was assessed using a standard semi-quantitative microtiter plate assay. …”
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Antibacterial Effect of Fixed and Volatile Oils against Gram-positive and Gram-negative Bacteria by Tara Faiq M. Salih, Sakar Ahmed Abdullah, Salar Ibrahim Ali, Daryan Kamal Khder

“…Bacterial inhibition zone was ?detected by using ?disk diffusion method. Furthermore, volatile oil of N. sativa ?…”
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Investigation of Antibiotic Resistance and Biofilm Formation in Clinical Isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae by Kiana Karimi, Omid Zarei, Parinaz Sedighi, Mohammad Taheri, Amin Doosti-Irani, Leili Shokoohizadeh

“…Determination of antimicrobial susceptibility was performed using the disk diffusion method. Biofilm formation was evaluated by the crystal violet method. …”
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Presence and antibiotic resistance of salmonella spp. isolated from chicken meat and giblets consumed in konya, turkey by Arife Ezgi Telli, Yusuf Biçer, Hatice Ahu Kahraman, Nihat Telli, Yusuf Doğruer

“…<b>Aim:</b> The present study was on the detection of Salmonella spp. and two important Salmonella serotypes (S. …”
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Occurrence of Florfenicol and Linezolid Resistance and Emergence of optrA Gene in Campylobacter coli Isolates from Tunisian Avian Farms by Manel Gharbi, Rihab Tiss, Chadlia Hamdi, Safa Hamrouni, Abderrazak Maaroufi

“…Isolates were tested for their susceptibility to antimicrobial agents using the Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion assay. Chloramphenicol- and linezolid-resistant isolates were subjected to PCR screening for the following genes: fexA, fexB, floR, RE-cmeABC, cfrA, and optrA. …”
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Antibiotic Resistance Profile of Indigenous Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus Strains Isolated from Traditional Yogurt by Bahareh Moghimi, Maryam Ghobadi Dana, Reza Shapouri, Maryam Jalili

“…AacA-D (3.84%) and tet K (3.84%) were the most commonly detected antibiotic resistance genes in L. bulgaricus. …”
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Molecular Epidemiology of Escherichia coli Resistant to Carbapenems, Fluoroquinolones, and Aminoglycosides Isolated from One of the Largest Hospitals in Vietnam in 2014–2019 by Tohru Miyoshi-Akiyama, Do Van Thanh, Truong Thai Phuong, Nguyen Quang Huy, Pham Thi Phuong Thuy, Teruo Kirikae, Pham Hong Nhung, Norio Ohmagari

“…Results. Among the STs detected, ST410 was relatively dominant. Dominant O-types and H-types were O102 and H9 and showed some links, such as those between O102 and H8. …”
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Phenotypic and Genotypic Identification of Antimicrobial Resistance amongst the Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli Strains Isolated from Raw Milk of Animal Species by Gholamreza Banisharif Dehkordi, Mohammad Hossein Marhamatizadeh, Hassan Momtaz

“…C. jejuni and C. coli species were detected in 45.45% and 32.72% of Campylobacter isolates, respectively (P<0.05). …”
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Antibiotic Resistance Profile of Enterovirulent E. coli Isolates Harboring Broad-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Genes in Cancer Patients at the Laquintinie Hospital in Douala, Littoral Re... by Michael F. Kengne, Armelle T. Mbaveng, Wiliane J. T. Marbou, Ousenu Karimo, Ballue S. T. Dadjo, Delano G. T. Fonjou, Ornella D. Tsobeng, Victor Kuete

“…The antimicrobial resistance profile of the isolates was determined using the Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method. Virulence and resistance genes were detected by simplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). …”
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Prevalence and Characterization of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae Isolated in Canadian Hospitals: Results from CANWARD 2007 by Patricia J Baudry, Melissa McCracken, Philippe Lagacé-Wiens, Michael R Mulvey, George G Zhanel, Daryl J Hoban

“…Minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined by broth microdilution, and putative ESBL isolates were confirmed by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute disk diffusion method. Polymerase chain reaction and DNA sequencing were used to detect blaSHV, blaTEM, blaCTX-M and blaOXA-like genes. …”
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Frequency of Plasmid-Mediated Quinolone-Resistance (qnr) Genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strains Isolated from Hospitalized Patients by Hamid Reza Goli, Sayede Fateme Moradi, Mohammad Reza Haghshenas, Ghazaleh Elahi, Mehrdad Gholami

“…Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by the disk diffusion method, following Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. …”
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A multi-trait approach identified 7 novel genes for back pain by Nadezhda M. Belonogova, Elizaveta E. Elgaeva, Irina V. Zorkoltseva, Anatoliy V. Kirichenko, Gulnara R. Svishcheva, Maxim B. Freidin, Frances M. K. Williams, Pradeep Suri, Tatiana I. Axenovich, Yakov A. Tsepilov

“…Thirteen genes were detected using the multi-trait phenotype. Seven of the detected genes, MIPOL1, PTPRC, RHOA, MAML3, JADE2, MLLT10, and RERG, were not previously reported. …”
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Nasal Carriage of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus among Health Care Workers in Tertiary and Regional Hospitals in Dar es Salam, Tanzania by Agricola Joachim, Sabrina J. Moyo, Lillian Nkinda, Mtebe Majigo, Sima Rugarabamu, Elizabeth G. Mkashabani, Elia J. Mmbaga, Naboth Mbembati, Said Aboud, Eligius F. Lyamuya

“…S. aureus was identified based on colonial morphology, Gram staining, catalase, coagulase, and DNase test results. MRSA was detected using the cefoxitin disk. Among 379 HCWs enrolled, 157/379 (41.4%) were colonized with S. aureus, of whom 59 (37.6%) were MRSA carriers giving an overall prevalence of 59/379 (15.6%). …”
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Genotypic and Phenotypic Characterizations of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) on Frequently Touched Sites from Public Hospitals in South Africa by Siyethaba Mkhize, Daniel G. Amoako, Christiana O. Shobo, Oliver T. Zishiri, Linda A. Bester

“…Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using the Kirby–Bauer disk-diffusion method. MRSA isolates were determined by the presence of the mecA gene. …”
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Isolation of Extended-Spectrum β-lactamase- (ESBL-) Producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae from Patients with Community-Onset Urinary Tract Infections in Jimma Univer... by Mengistu Abayneh, Getnet Tesfaw, Alemseged Abdissa

“…A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted, and a total of 342 urine samples were cultured on MacConkey agar for the detection of etiologic agents. Double-disk synergy (DDS) methods were used for detection of ESBL-producing strains. …”
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Prevalence, antibiotic resistance patterns, and virulence factors of Staphylococcus aureus isolates associated with bovine mastitis in northern Bangladesh by Md. Mominul Islam, Md. Imran Hossain, Md. Sadequl Islam, Md. Golam Azam, Sajeda Sultana

“…The antibiotic sensitivity of the strains was evaluated using the disk diffusion method with a variety of antibiotics frequently used in veterinary settings. …”
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Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Salmonella, Shigella, and Intestinal Parasites among Food Handlers in Motta Town, North West Ethiopia by Tibebu Yesigat, Mohabaw Jemal, Wubet Birhan

“…An antibiotics susceptibility test was performed with Mueller-Hinton agar using the disk diffusion method. Data were entered using statistical package Epi-Data Version 3.1 and analysed with logistic regression using SPSS version 25 and Fisher’s exact test. …”
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Prevalence of Intestinal Parasites and Gastrointestinal Carriage of Pathogenic Gram Negative Enteric Bacteria among Apparently Healthy Food Handlers of Public Hospitals, Addis Abab... by Tegegn Belhu, Kinfe Fissehatsion, Abraham Tesfaye, Dr Yohannes Woldekidan, Kassu Desta

“…Besides, sociodemographic data were collected using a structured questionnaire, freshly passed stool specimens for direct wet mount smear examination, and formalin ether concentration techniques performed for the detection of parasites. For bacterial identification culture, biochemical tests and antimicrobial sensitivity (Kirby-Baure disk diffusion method) have been performed. …”
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