Rapid iPSC-derived neuromuscular junction model uncovers motor neuron dominance in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis cytopathy by Hsiao-Chien Ting, Yun-Ting Guo, Hong-Lin Su, Yu-Shuan Chen, Shinn-Zong Lin, Horng-Jyh Harn, Chia-Yu Chang

“…To overcome these limitations, we developed a rapid human NMJ model using cryopreserved MNs and SKMs derived from iPSCs. Within 12 days of coculture, we successfully recreated NMJ-specific connectivity that closely mirrors in vivo synapse formation. …”
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High-Salt Enhances the Inflammatory Response by Retina Pigment Epithelium Cells following Lipopolysaccharide Stimulation by Dike Zhang, Chaokui Wang, Shuang Cao, Zi Ye, Bolin Deng, Aize Kijlstra, Peizeng Yang

“…High mannitol, as an osmotic stress control, did not affect the secretion of inflammatory mediators by ARPE-19 cells indicating that the effect was not mediated by osmolarity. Coculture of ARPE-19 cells with NaCl resulted in significant increases in the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, Akt, and NF-κB and an upregulation of the transcription factors NFAT5 and SGK1. …”
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Sacrificing Alginate in Decellularized Extracellular Matrix Scaffolds for Implantable Artificial Livers by Chanh-Trung Nguyen, Van Phu Le, Thi Huong Le, Jeong Sook Kim, Sung Hoon Back, Kyo-in Koo

“…A dense and interconnected endothelial cell network was observed as early as day 4 in the lyased coculture group. Furthermore, three-week implantation studies in rats showed a stable integration to the host with no adverse effects. …”
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12,13-diHOME Promotes Inflammatory Macrophages and Epigenetically Modifies Their Capacity to Respond to Microbes and Allergens by Din L. Lin, Kevin M. Magnaye, Cara E. Porsche, Sophia R. Levan, Elze Rackaityte, Mustafa Özçam, Susan V. Lynch

“…In primary immune cell coculture assays involving peanut allergen stimulation, 12,13-diHOME promotes both IL-1β and IL-6 production, memory B cell expansion, and increased IgE production. …”
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Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Enhance the Differentiation of Human Switched Memory B Lymphocytes into Plasma Cells in Serum-Free Medium by Guillaume Bonnaure, Catherine Gervais-St-Amour, Sonia Néron

“…We tested low oxygen concentrations and coculture with mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) from human bone marrow. …”
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Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Promote M2 Macrophage Phenotype through Exosomes by June Seok Heo, Youjeong Choi, Hyun Ok Kim

“…Interestingly, the population of FoxP3 Treg cells significantly increased when cocultured with iMΦ, suggesting that iMΦ have an immunomodulatory effect on the Treg cells through the modulation of the FoxP3 expression. …”
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Construction of a rodent neural network-skeletal muscle assembloid that simulate the postnatal development of spinal cord motor neuronal network by Haiyang Yu, Shangbin Yang, Yuanfeng Chen, Chuangran Wu, Jing Xu, Yue Yang, Rongjie Wu, Yinan Guo, Zhen Chen, Ying Ding, Xiang Zeng, Ge Li, Yuanhuan Ma, Qiujian Zheng, Yuanshan Zeng, Biqin Lai

“…The amplitude and frequency of SkM cell contraction in NN-SkM assembloids were increased by optogenetic and glutamate stimulation and blocked by tetrodotoxin and dizocilpine, respectively, confirming the existence of multisynaptic motor NNs. The coculture process involves the secretion of neurotrophin-3 and insulin growth factor-1 by SkM cells, which activate the related ERK-MAPK and PI3K-AKT signaling pathways in NNs. …”
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Effect of Tumor Necrosis Factor Family Member LIGHT (TNFSF14) on the Activation of Basophils and Eosinophils Interacting with Bronchial Epithelial Cells by Huai Na Qiu, Chun Kwok Wong, Jie Dong, Christopher Wai-Kei Lam, Zhe Cai

“…In this study, we investigated the effects of LIGHT on the coculture of human basophils/eosinophils and bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells. …”
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Dual Functions of the C5a Receptor as a Connector for the K562 Erythroblast-Like Cell-THP-1 Macrophage-Like Cell Island and as a Sensor for the Differentiation of the K562 Erythrob... by Hiroshi Nishiura, Rui Zhao, Tetsuro Yamamoto

“…An RP S19 oligomer inhibitor and a C5aR inhibitor blocked the association of the K562 basophilic EB-like cells and the THP-1 macrophage-like cells under coculture conditions. When bound to RP S19 oligomers, the C5aR may exhibit dual functions as a connector for the EB-macrophage island and as a sensor for EB differentiation in the bone marrow.…”
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Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Exert In Vitro Immunomodulatory and Beta Cell Protective Functions in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Mice Model by Hossein Rahavi, Seyed Mahmoud Hashemi, Masoud Soleimani, Jamal Mohammadi, Nader Tajik

“…Proliferation, cytokine production, and insulin secretion assays were performed in coculture experiments. AT-MSCs inhibited splenocytes proliferative response to specific (islet lysate) and nonspecific (PHA) triggers in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.05). …”
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Emodin promotes the recovery of rheumatoid arthritis by regulating the crosstalk between macrophage subsets and synovial fibroblast subsets by Lianying Cheng, Xiaofeng Rong

“…In vitro experimental methods such as enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Western blotting, Transwell assays, CCK‐8 assays and cell coculture were used to assess cell proliferation, migration and secretion of inflammatory factors. …”
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Effects of Delta-Like Noncanonical Notch Ligand 1 Expression of Human Fetal Liver Hepatoblasts on Hematopoietic Progenitors by Jörg C. Gerlach, Robert L. Thompson, Bruno Gridelli, Eva Schmelzer

“…Conclusively, direct contact of Dlk1 supports hematopoietic progenitor expansion and functionality that cannot be reconstituted in coculture without direct cell contact.…”
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In Vitro Differentiation of First Trimester Human Umbilical Cord Perivascular Cells into Contracting Cardiomyocyte-Like Cells by Peter Szaraz, Matthew Librach, Leila Maghen, Farwah Iqbal, Tanya A. Barretto, Shlomit Kenigsberg, Andrée Gauthier-Fisher, Clifford L. Librach

“…When applying aggregate-based differentiation, FTM HUCPVCs showed increased aggregate formation potential and generated contracting cells within 1 week of coculture, making them the first MSC type with this ability. …”
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Pyridoxal-5′-Phosphate Promotes Immunomodulatory Function of Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells through Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase-1 and TLR4/NF-κB Pathway by Cong Li, Jinxian Huang, Huasu Zhu, Qing Shi, Dong Li, Xiuli Ju

“…Initially, A-MSCs were obtained, and cytokine secretion and the expression of IDO1, NF-κB, and Toll-like receptors in PLP-stimulated A-MSCs were evaluated. In addition, coculture was used to detect A-MSCs-mediated apoptosis of CD3+CD8+ T lymphocytes. …”
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Inhibition of Synovial Macrophage Pyroptosis Alleviates Synovitis and Fibrosis in Knee Osteoarthritis by Li Zhang, Runlin Xing, Zhengquan Huang, Nongshan Zhang, Li Zhang, Xiaochen Li, Peimin Wang

“…In addition, the level of fibrotic markers in synovial fibroblasts were significantly decreased after coculture with siRNA GSDMD-transfected macrophages. …”
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Biofilm in Genital Ecosystem: A Potential Risk Factor for Chlamydia trachomatis Infection by Simone Filardo, Marisa Di Pietro, Giulia Tranquilli, Rosa Sessa

“…In order to do so, we developed an in vitro coculture transwell-based biofilm model. Our findings proved, for the first time, that C. trachomatis, an intracellular obligate pathogen, survived, for up to 72 hours after exposure, inside the biofilm produced by C. albicans or G. vaginalis, retaining its infectious properties, as evidenced by the typical chlamydial inclusions observed in the cell monolayer (chlamydial inclusion-forming units at 72 h: 9255 ± 1139 and 9873 ± 1015, respectively). …”
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Monocarboxylate Transporters: Role and Regulation in Corneal Diabetes by Pawan Shrestha, Amy E. Whelchel, Sarah E. Nicholas, Wentao Liang, Jian-Xing Ma, Dimitrios Karamichos

“…Our data showed significant upregulation of MCT1 at 4 weeks for HCF, T1DM, and T2DM monocultures, as well as the 500 k nerve cocultures. MCT8 was significantly upregulated in HCF and T1DM monocultures and all of the 500 k nerve cocultures. …”
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Induction of Interleukin-8 from Nasal Epithelial Cells during Bacterial Infection: The Role of IL-8 for Neutrophil Recruitment in Chronic Rhinosinusitis by Bit-Na Yoon, Nan-Geum Choi, Hyun-Sun Lee, Kyu-Sup Cho, Hwan-Jung Roh

“…The aim of this study was to elucidate the role of IL-8 for neutrophil recruitment in nonallergic CRS patients. Methods. After coculture of Streptococcus pneumoniae (SP) with the mucosal epithelial cells (MECs) from non-CRS patients, at three different SP/MEC (1/1, 10/1, 100/1) ratios, the expression of IL-8 mRNA and the concentration of IL-8 were measured by RT-PCR and ELISA. …”
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Palovarotene Can Attenuate Heterotopic Ossification Induced by Tendon Stem Cells by Downregulating the Synergistic Effects of Smad and NF-κB Signaling Pathway following Stimulation... by Junchao Huang, Jialiang Lin, Congbin Li, Bo Tang, Haijun Xiao

“…This study was aimed at exploring the specific molecular mechanism of palovarotene by blocking osteogenic differentiation and HO formation of TSCs in vitro and in vivo in an inflammatory microenvironment. We constructed a coculture model of TCSs and polarized macrophages, as well as overexpression and knockdown models of the Smad signaling pathway of TCSs. …”
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Statin drugs enhance responses to immune checkpoint blockade in head and neck cancer models by Chrystal Paulos, Gregory B Lesinski, Zachary S Buchwald, Nabil F Saba, Vikash Kansal, Andre J Burnham, Brendan L C Kinney, Nicole C Schmitt

“…Emerging data suggest that manipulation of cholesterol may enhance some aspects of antitumor immunity.Methods We used syngeneic murine models (mouse oral cancer, MOC1 and TC-1) to investigate our hypothesis that a subset of statin drugs would enhance antitumor immunity and delay tumor growth.Results Using an ex vivo coculture assay of murine cancer cells and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes, we discovered that all seven statin drugs inhibited tumor cell proliferation. …”
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