Playing in Tongues: The Hammond Organ and Black Pentecostal Instrumentality by Braxton D. Shelley

“…Grounded in an analysis of Hammond organ solos by Elbernita “Twinkie” Clark, one of the most renowned organists in the Black gospel tradition, I argue that this gospel practice uses arresting timbral transformations to articulate the escalatory cultural logic that has elsewhere been termed “tuning up.” …”
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