Identification of GastrointestinalEndoparasites in Native Chickens (Gallus domesticus)in PattongkoVillage, Sinjai Tengah District, Sinjai Regency by Andi Evi Erviani, Zohra Hasyim, Saeful Musawwir

“…The results of the study found 5 species of gastrointestinal endoparasites belonging to 2 classes, namely the nematode and cestode classes. …”
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Estimation of apparent thermal inertia of roofing materials from aerial thermal imagery by Emanuele Mandanici, Gabriele Lo Grasso, Maria A. Tini, Antonio Zanutta

“…Observed median ATI values for each class range from 0.03 to 0.09 K $$^{-1}$$ - 1 with interquartile ranges between 0.02 and 0.14 K $$^{-1}$$ - 1 , so the intra-class variability in some cases appears higher than the variability among different material classes, proving the importance of ATI mapping for UHI investigations.…”
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About the confusion-matrix-based assessment of the results of imbalanced data classification by V. V. Starovoitov, Yu. I. Golub

“…When applying classifiers in real applications, the data imbalance often occurs when the number of elements of one class is greater than another. The article examines the estimates of the classification results for this type of data. …”
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Analysis and Design of the Project Risk Management System Based on the Fuzzy Clustering Algorithm by Ping Zhong, Hang Yin, Yuanfu Li

“…In order to effectively control the cost risk of power grid construction projects, the author proposes a cost risk management system for power grid construction projects based on the fuzzy clustering algorithm. …”
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A novel oversampling method based on Wasserstein CGAN for imbalanced classification by Hongfang Zhou, Heng Pan, Kangyun Zheng, Zongling Wu, Qingyu Xiang

“…Abstract Class imbalance is a crucial challenge in classification tasks, and in recent years, with the advancements in deep learning, research on oversampling techniques based on GANs has proliferated. …”
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Adaptive Oversampling via Density Estimation for Online Imbalanced Classification by Daeun Lee, Hyunjoong Kim

“…However, it faces critical challenges, including concept drift, where data distributions evolve over time, and class imbalance, which significantly hinders the accurate classification of minority classes. …”
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Q Value Evaluation of Groundwater Quality under Plains in the Lower Reaches of the Yarkant River by DENG Ensong, LIU Yujiang, MA Ningxin, HUANG Shunyong

“…Evaluating groundwater quality plays an important role in the rational use of groundwater resources and groundwater environmental protection in the later period.Among 35 groups of groundwater quality test data taken in Tumxuk City,a plain area in the lower reaches of the Yarkant River in Xinjiang,the groundwater quality of 32 groups is Class V.A comprehensive evaluation model of groundwater quality is established by principal component analysis (PCA) with ten factors exceeding thresholds of Class V as evaluation indexes,including turbidity,total hardness,total dissolved solids,sulfates,chlorides,sodium,nitrites,fluorides,cadmium,and lead.Further,this paper proposes the method of calculating the Q value of groundwater quality and the fine classification standard of Q value,on the basis of which the groundwater in Class V can be sub-classified into V₁—V₄ classes.The evaluation results show that the groundwater quality in 2,24,and 6 groups is V₂,V₃,and V₄,respectively. …”
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The “Problem” of L2 Writers in College Composition Placement: Identity, Outcomes, and the Future of Directed Self Placement by Vanessa Guida Mesina

“… In response to the rapidly growing number of international and multilingual students on U.S. college campuses, many colleges’ first year composition (FYC) courses have expanded to include classes designated for “ESL” or “International” students, with increasing scholarship on the best pedagogical practices for such classes.  …”
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La Westminster Review comme outil de transmission et de démocratisation de culture savante, 1824-1857 by Odile Boucher-Rivalain

“…Among the quarterlies which marked the Romantic Age and the Victorian Age, The Westminster Review (1824-1900) stands out as the organ of radical opinions, committed to the diffusion of culture to all classes. Founded by Jeremy Bentham, it was meant to contribute to the transmission of culture among the middle class, including the lower middle-class. …”
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Saliva and Blood Asprosin Hormone Concentration Associated with Obesity by Kader Ugur, Suleyman Aydin

“…A total of 116 underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obese (class I, class II, and class III) volunteers participated in the study. …”
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Analysis Of Backscatter To Extraction Of Shoreline Using Machine Learning Methods In The Bangkalan Regency by Arifin Fahmi, Wicaksono Ashari

“…The purpose of this research is to extract the coastline by segmenting the machine learning method and find out how far the machine learning model works to distinguish the water class and the land class. The method used in this research is the Support Vector Machine model to divide the water and land classes that will be utilized to obtain shoreline extracts from the model results, and evaluate the model by calculating the model accuracy. …”
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Structure of k-Quasi-m,n-Isosymmetric Operators by Sid Ahmed Ould Ahmed Mahmoud, El Moctar Ould Beiba, Sidi Hamidou Jah, Maawiya Ould Sidi

“…The investigation of new operators belonging to some specific classes has been quite fashionable since the beginning of the century, and sometimes it is indeed relevant. …”
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Water as a social border in Ancient Egypt by Heidi Köpp-Junk

“…The existence of bathrooms with water drainage as well as wells in the houses of the upper classes symbolizes a separation between these groups of people. …”
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Malaria model with stage-structured mosquitoes by Jia Li

“…The metamorphic stages in the mosquito population arethen included and a simple stage-structured mosquito population model isintroduced, where the mosquito population is divided into two classes, withall three aquatic stages in one class and all adults in the other class, to keepthe model tractable in mathematical analysis. …”
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Android malware detection method based on deep neural network by Fan CHAO, Zhi YANG, Xuehui DU, Yan SUN

“…Android is increasingly facing the threat of malware attacks.It is difficult to effectively detect large-sample and multi-class malware for traditional machine learning methods such as support vector machine,method for Android malware detection and family classification based on deep neural network was proposed.Based on the comprehensive extraction of application components,Intent Filter,permissions,and data flow,the method performed an effective feature selection to reduce dimensions,and conducted a large-sample detection and multi-class classification for malware based on deep neural network.The experimental results show that the method can conduct an effective detection and classification.The accuracy of binary classification between benign and malicious Apps is 97.73%,and the accuracy of family multi-class classification can reach 93.54%,which is higher than other machine learning algorithms.…”
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Empirical Study on Indicators Selection Model Based on Nonparametric K-Nearest Neighbor Identification and R Clustering Analysis by Yan Liu, Zhan-jiang Li, Xue-jun Zhen

“…This approach ensures that indicators which are clustered in one class have the same economic implications and data characteristics. …”
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Challenges of distance English teaching: Narrative analysis of Iranian mainstream EFL teachers’ lived experiences by Fakharzadeh Mehrnoosh, Naderi Mohammad Hassan

“…The authors discuss that while some challenges are the antecedent contextual challenges that existed and will probably continue to exist in the context of distance classes, some other challenges can be avoided if teachers are equipped with TPACK to fulfill their new roles in the community of distance classes.…”
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Entre tâche et activité : analyse des échanges langagiers d’élèves de cycle 3 lors de l’utilisation d’un outil de correction orthographique by Prisca Fenoglio, Catherine Brissaud

“…In the pedagogical scenario Twictée, created by teachers, primary and secondary school classes exchange short dictations (called « twictées ») and corrections of the dictations received (called « twoutils »). …”
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Endomorphisms of the Toeplitz algebra by S. A. Grigoryan, A. Yu. Kuznetsova

“…An example was provided wherein the isometries are unitarily equivalent but the corresponding endomorphisms fall into different equivalence classes. Of all endomorphisms, the ones belonging to the class of Blaschke endomorphisms, which are analogous to endomorphisms of the discalgebra and generate unbranched coverings over the unit circle, were singled out.…”
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Classification on Grade, Price, and Region with Multi-Label and Multi-Target Methods in Wineinformatics by James Palmer, Victor S. Sheng, Travis Atkison, Bernard Chen

“…We explore both single-label and multi-label approaches for a two-class problem for each of the labels and we explore both single-label and multi-target approaches for a four-class problem on two of the three labels, with the third label remaining a two-class problem. …”
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