Identifying and Evaluating the Components of Human Resource Competence in the Era of Digital Transformation by Mahdieh Abidi, Rashid Zolfaghari Zafarani, Masoud Haghighi

“…The results of this research are in agreement with the results of Karamipur (2023), Busulwa et al, (2022), Shohel et al, (2022), Crawford & Butler (2021), Asgharneghad & Haghdoust (2022), Linde et al, (2021), Gupta et al, (2021), Kaufman et al, (2021), Abedi Ardakani et al, (2022), Ghirtmand & Amiri Moghadam (2021), and Rahmati Kohroodi et al, (2021). …”
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Performance analysis of insertion loss incorporated hybrid precoding for massive MIMO by Tadele A. Abose, Thomas O. Olwal, Muna M. Mohammed, Murad R. Hassen

“…The hybrid precoding approach divides the beamforming process into an analog beamforming network and a digital beamforming network of a reduced size. …”
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Multiple Beam Selection for Combing M2M Communication Networks and Cellular Networks with Limited Feedback by Xiaoning Zhang, Lin Bai, Wenyang Guan

“…In order to avoid the interference with mobile users, the beamforming vectors to the MTCD gateways have to be orthogonal to the channel vectors of mobile users, which become a beamforming constraint for the MTCD gateways. …”
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Secure Satellite Downlink With Hybrid RIS and AI-Based Optimization by Mian Muhammad Kamal, Syed Zain Ul Abideen, Syed Sikandar Shah, Nabila Sehito, Salahuddin Khan, Bal S. Virdee, Mohammad Alibakhshikenari, Patrizia Livreri

“…The study formulates a robust joint design for satellite and RIS beamforming, aimed at maximizing the secrecy rate of the overall system. …”
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Effects of Reentry Plasma Sheath on Mutual-Coupling Property of Array Antenna by B. W. Bai, X. P. Li, Y. M. Liu, J. Xu

“…The method of replacing the on-board single antenna with the array antennas and using beamforming technology has been proposed to mitigate “blackout” problem by many other researchers. …”
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A Next-Generation Codebook Evolution Strategy for Massive Arrays Using Deep Neurals Networks by Minwoo Choi, Wonjin Sung

“…The discrete Fourier transform (DFT)-based codebook is currently among the mostly commonly adopted codebooks for beamforming using arrays of different shapes and sizes, including the large-scale two-dimensional uniform planar array (UPA). …”
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Towards 6G: Spectrally efficient joint radar and communication with radio frequency selection, interference and hardware impairments (invited paper) by Aryan Kaushik, Evangelos Vlachos, John Thompson, Maziar Nekovee, Fraser Coutts

“…Joint radar‐communication systems with a multi‐antenna setup leads to higher degrees of freedom, and hybrid beamforming can be exploited to achieve lower hardware complexity than conventional fully digital systems. …”
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Array Processing for Radar: Achievements and Challenges by Ulrich Nickel

“…In this tutorial paper, we point out several viewpoints which are relevant in this context: the restrictions and the potential provided by different array configurations, the predictability of the transmission function of the array, the constraints for adaptive beamforming, the inclusion of monopulse, detection and tracking into the adaptive beamforming concept, and the assessment of superresolution methods with respect to their application in a radar system. …”
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A Method to Improve the Performance of Arrays for Aperture-Level Simultaneous Transmit and Receive by Dujuan Hu, Xizhang Wei, Mingcong Xie, Yanqun Tang

“…The method uses the transmit and receive beamforming technology and aperture optimization technology to enhance the isolation between the transmitting aperture and the receiving aperture. …”
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Research on uplink sum-rate maximization for STAR-RIS assisted batteryless IoT: SDMA versus NOMA by CHEN Yanming, LYU Bin, YANG Zhen, LI Fei

“…To further enhance energy transmission efficiency, energy beamforming was designed at the power station. To this end, the system sum-rate maximization problems for both space division multiple access (SDMA) and non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) scenarios were investigated, with jointly optimization of the relection coefficients of the BD, the energy beamforming vector at the base station and the coefficient matrices of the STAR-RIS. …”
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Secure channel estimation model for cognitive radio network physical layer security using two-level shared key authentication by K. Saravanan, K. B. Gurumoorthy, Allwin Devaraj Stalin, Om Prakash Kumar

“…The security models for sensing and beamforming reduce the impact of adversaries such as eavesdroppers in the signal processing layer. …”
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Asymmetric Shaped-Pattern Synthesis for Planar Antenna Arrays by T. M. Bruintjes, A. B. J. Kokkeler, G. J. M. Smit

“…Smooth and asymmetrically shaped regions can be used for Direction-of-Arrival estimation and subsequently for efficient tracking with a single output (fully analog) beamformer.…”
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Design of a 128‐channel transceiver hardware for medical ultrasound imaging systems by Jayaraj Kidav, Perumal M. Pillai, Deepak V, Sreejeesh S. G

“…As the transceiver hardware is designed with commercially available chipsets, it provides the flexibility to programme the ultrasound AFE signal chain, transmit beamforming and the arbitrary transmit wave pattern. …”
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Closely Spaced MEG Source Localization and Functional Connectivity Analysis Using a New Prewhitening Invariance of Noise Space Algorithm by Junpeng Zhang, Yuan Cui, Lihua Deng, Ling He, Junran Zhang, Jing Zhang, Qun Zhou, Qi Liu, Zhiguo Zhang

“…Conventional source localization methods, such as sLORETA and beamformer, cannot distinguish closely spaced cortical sources, especially under strong intersource correlation. …”
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Retracted: Design and Performance Evaluation of OAM-Antennas: A Comparative Review by Omar A. Saraereh

“…The beamforming capabilities and system performance are both greatly influenced by the array configuration. …”
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Analysis of Joint Angular Distribution for Nonreciprocal Beams via the Mixture of Gaussian Distribution Based on Ray-Tracing by Jiachi Zhang, Liu Liu, Zhenhui Tan, Kai Wang, Tao Zhou

“…Multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) technology can not only provide huge data rates but also overcome the severe propagation attenuation effect, especially in millimeter-wave (mmWave) bands by utilizing beamforming. The nonreciprocal beam is a novel transmission pattern, which indicates that transceivers adopt asymmetrical beamwidths. …”
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Hydra Radio Access Network (H-RAN): Multi-Functional Communications and Sensing Networks, Initial Access Implementation, and Task-2 Approach by Rafid I. Abd, Daniel J. Findley, Kwang Soon Kim

“…These elements are integral to optimizing beamforming in scenarios where direct line-of-sight (LoS) is obstructed by <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text {level}_{1}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> blockage scenario. …”
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Pattern Synthesis of Time-Modulated Array Antenna Based on an Improved Invasive Weed Optimization Method by Zhenkai Zhang, Xinxing Liu, Bing Zhang, Hailin Li

“…In this paper, pattern synthesis through time-modulated linear array is studied, and a novel strategy for harmonic beamforming in time-modulated array is proposed. The peak side lobe level is designed as optimization objective function, and the switch-on time sequence of each element is selected as optimization variable. …”
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Broadband Frost Adaptive Array Antenna with a Farrow Delay Filter by Tao Dong, Qiushi Wang, Yunxiao Zhao, Lixia Ji, Hao Zeng

“…In a broadband adaptive array antenna with a space-time filter, a delay filter is required before digital beamforming when the Frost algorithm is used to obtain the weight vector. …”
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An Efficient Transmission Power Design for SWIPT Multi-antenna Network Integrated by an Intelligent Reflecting Surface by Pham Viet Tuan, Dinh Long Hoang, Tu Ha Nguyen, Trong Duc Hoang

“…The successive convex approximation and alternating optimization methods are exploited to construct efficient algorithms for finding the suboptimal precoding beamforming vectors at the BS and the phase shifts at the IRS elements. …”
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