Total cost of ownership of heat pumps and policy choice: The case of Great Britain by Jan Rosenow, Jacob Barnes, Ray Galvin, Samuel O'Mara, Richard Lowes

“…Using Great Britain (GB) as a case study, this paper examines the total cost of ownership (TCO) for heat pumps versus gas boilers. TCO is calculated using official energy statistics, field trial data, and residential energy prices, alongside scenario analyses on business as usual, shifting levies from electricity bills to general taxation or to gas bills. …”
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