High Expression of Somatostatin Receptors 2A, 3, and 5 in Corticotroph Pituitary Adenoma by Felix Behling, Jürgen Honegger, Marco Skardelly, Irina Gepfner-Tuma, Ghazaleh Tabatabai, Marcos Tatagiba, Jens Schittenhelm

“…Paraffin-embedded tumor samples of 88 corticotroph pituitary adenomas and 30 nonadenomatous pituitary biopsies were analyzed after processing into tissue microarrays and immunohistochemical staining for SSTR 1, SSTR2A, SSTR3, SSTR4, and SSTR5. …”
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Overcoming immunotherapy resistance in bladder cancer with a novel antibody-drug conjugate RC48 by Xin Gao, Chunyu Zhang, Jinbo Chen, Zhi Liu, Jiao Hu, Xiongbing Zu, Jiatong Xiao, Jinhui Liu, Zhenyu Nie, Zhenglin Yi, Haisu Liang, Jinliang Huang, Zhiyong Cai, Luzhe Yan, Bingquan Wu, Zefu Liu

“…At the clinical level, bladder cancer immune therapy cohort tissue microarrays were used, and the aforementioned mechanisms were validated using immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence.Results HER2 expression is associated with an inhibitory tumor immune microenvironment and resistance to immunotherapy. …”
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HLA‐DR⁺ Tumor Cells Show an Association with a Distinct Immune Microenvironment and CD8⁺ T‐Cell Exhaustion in HBV‐Associated Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Jun‐Qing Chang, Yan Guo, Wen‐Jing Yuan, Yu‐Man Chen, Bo‐Wei Liu, Wen‐Tao Li, Xiang‐Ming Ding, Xu‐Dong Fu, Yu‐Han Lou, Zhuo‐Ran Chen, Xiao‐Ying Luo, Song‐Ze Ding, Bing‐Yong Zhang, Xiu‐Ling Li, Yong‐Zhi Hong, Shun‐Dong Cang, Dong‐Xiao Li, Ling Lan

“…By integrating the largest publicly available single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) dataset of HCC (160 samples from 124 patients) with multi‐scale protein‐level validation using multiplex immunofluorescence and tissue microarrays (198 HCC specimens), HLA‐DR⁺ tumor cells are identified as a distinctive feature of HBV+HCC. …”
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TRPM4 is highly expressed in human colorectal tumor buds and contributes to proliferation, cell cycle, and invasion of colorectal cancer cells by Sven Kappel, Paulina Stokłosa, Barbara Hauert, Daniela Ross‐Kaschitza, Anna Borgström, Roland Baur, José A. Galván, Inti Zlobec, Christine Peinelt

“…Here, we investigated tumor tissue microarrays from 379 CRC patients and analyzed TRPM4 protein expression, tumor characteristics, and clinical outcome. …”
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Expression and prognostic value of EGF-like domain multiple 6 in uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma and its correlation with immune cell infiltration by Qiannan Li, Nuerbiya Muheteer, Gulibositan Ayoufu, Xieerwaniguli Abulimiti, Ayimuguli Aini, Bingjie Han, Reyila Fulati, Mieradilijiang Ainiwaer, Ainiwaerjiang Abudourousuli

“…Immunohistochemistry was performed using UCEC tissue microarrays to assess EGFL6 expression. The Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression analyses were used to evaluate the prognostic significance of EGFL6. …”
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Multiplex imaging reveals novel patterns of MRTFA/B activation in the breast cancer microenvironment by Stephanie M. Wilk, Kihak Lee, Caitlyn C. Castillo, Mohamed Haloul, Alexa M. Gajda, Virgilia Macias, Elizabeth L. Wiley, Zhengjia Chen, Xinyi Liu, Xiaowei Wang, Maria Sverdlov, Kent F. Hoskins, Ekrem Emrah Er

“…Methods We used a multiplexed immunofluorescence approach to label MRTFA, MRTFB, tumor cells by using pan Cytokeratin, endothelial cells by using CD31, and antigen presenting cells (APCs) by using HLA-DRA on two different breast cancer tissue microarrays (TMA): The breast cancer progression TMA provided by the Cooperative Human Tissue Network (CHTN_BrCaProg3) and the University of Illinois Breast Cancer Working Group (TMA BCWG UIC-001-TMA) that included primary tumor and lymph node metastases from patients residing in the West Side and South Side of Chicago. …”
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Immune dysfunction revealed by digital spatial profiling of immuno-oncology markers in progressive stages of renal cell carcinoma and in brain metastases by Wei Wei, Michael Hurwitz, Sabina Signoretti, Lucia Jilaveanu, Toni K Choueiri, David L Rimm, Adebowale Adeniran, Sandra Martínez, Harriet M Kluger, David A Schoenfeld, Myrto Moutafi, Dijana Djureinovic, Ross D Merkin, David A Braun, Fabio Parisi

“…The TME of RCC brain metastases, a major cause of morbidity, also remains largely uncharacterized.Methods We performed digital spatial profiling on the NanoString GeoMx platform using 52 validated immuno-oncology markers on RCC tissue microarrays representing progressive stages of RCC, including brain metastases. …”
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Integration of histopathological images and immunological analysis to predict M2 macrophage infiltration and prognosis in patients with serous ovarian cancer by Ling Zhao, Jiajia Tan, Qiuyuan Su, Yan Kuang, Yan Kuang

“…ObjectiveInvestigating the effect of M2 macrophage infiltration on overall survival and to use histopathological imaging features (HIF) to predict M2 macrophage infiltration in patients with serous ovarian cancer (SOC) is important for improving prognostic accuracy, identifying new therapeutic targets, and advancing personalized treatment approaches.MethodsWe downloaded data from 86 patients with SOC from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and divided these patients into a training set and a validation set with a ratio of 8:2. In addition, tissue microarrays from 106 patients with SOC patients were included as an external validation set. …”
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WD40 Protein NLE1 as a Novel Diagnostic Biomarker Promoting Hepatocellular Carcinoma Proliferation by Rutong Zhang, Dehua Liu, Xiaoxi Feng, Zhenye Yang, Kaiguang Zhang

“…We further evaluated NLE1 expression in patient tissue microarrays. Kaplan−Meier plots, Cox regression analyses, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to evaluate the prognostic relevance of NLE1. …”
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Expression of CSTF2 in oral squamous cell carcinoma and its relationship with immune infiltration and poor prognosis by Zumulaiti Aierken, Muertiza Muhetaer, Zhang Lei, Ainiwaerjiang Abudourousuli, Ainiwaerjiang Abudourousuli

“…Immunohistochemical staining of tissue microarrays was performed to analyze CSTF2 expression in the OSCC samples. …”
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Elevated KRAS protein level is associated with better survival in pancreatic cancer by S. M. Stålberg, L. Silwal-Pandit, J. Hamfjord, D. J. H. Nebdal, J. Lehtiö, O. C. Lingjærde, B. S. Skålhegg, E. H. Kure

“…Whole transcriptome and proteome profiles were obtained using mRNA microarrays (Agilent) and quantitative mass spectrometry-based proteomics (HiRIEF LC–MS/MS), respectively. …”
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Multi-platform integration of histopathological images and omics data predicts molecular features and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma by Linyan Chen, Yang Li, Zhiyuan Zhang, Tongshu Yang, Hao Zeng

“…Areas under receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) were assessed for 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year overall survival (OS).ResultsHistopathological image features were able to predict somatic mutations: TERT promoter (AUC = 0.926), TP53 (AUC = 0.893), CTNNB1 (AUC = 0.885), ALB (AUC = 0.879), molecular subtypes (AUCs from 0.905 to 0.932), and OS (5-year AUC = 0.819) in the testing set, which also had good performances for OS in the external validation sets of tissue microarrays from 263 patients (5-year AUCs from 0.682 to 0.761). …”
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Impact of HIF-1α, LOX and ITGA5 Synergistic Interaction in the Tumor Microenvironment on Colorectal Cancer Prognosis by Hayriye Tatlı Doğan, Mehmet Doğan, Seda Kahraman, Doğukan Çanakçı, Mehmet Ali Nahit Şendur, Mustafa Tahtacı, Fazlı Erdoğan

“…<b>Methods</b>: HIF-1α, LOX and ITGA5 antibodies were applied immunohistochemically to tissue microarrays prepared from tumor samples. Expression status in the tumor microenvironment were evaluated using a combined scoring system based on staining intensity and the percentage of positively stained cells. …”
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Schlafen 11 Expression in Patients With Small Cell Lung Cancer and Its Association With Clinical Outcomes by Ken Masuda, Tatsuya Yoshida, Noriko Motoi, Yuki Shinno, Yuji Matsumoto, Yusuke Okuma, Yasushi Goto, Hidehito Horinouchi, Noboru Yamamoto, Shun‐ichi Watanabe, Tomoaki Hoshino, Yasushi Yatabe, Yuichiro Ohe

“…SLFN‐11 expression was assessed using immunohistochemistry in tissue microarrays and scored using a histology (H)‐score (range: 0–300). …”
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Constitutively nuclear FOXO3a localization predicts poor survival and promotes Akt phosphorylation in breast cancer. by Jie Chen, Ana R Gomes, Lara J Monteiro, San Yu Wong, Lai Han Wu, Ting-Ting Ng, Christina T Karadedou, Julie Millour, Ying-Chi Ip, Yuen Nei Cheung, Andrew Sunters, Kelvin Y K Chan, Eric W-F Lam, Ui-Soon Khoo

“…<h4>Methodology/principal findings</h4>Examination of FOXO3a and phosphorylated-Akt (P-Akt) expression in breast cancer tissue microarrays showed nuclear FOXO3a was associated with lymph node positivity (p = 0.052), poor prognosis (p = 0.014), and P-Akt expression in invasive ductal carcinoma. …”
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Characterization of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and their spatial distribution in triple-negative breast cancer by Eunkyung Han, Hye Yeon Choi, Hyun Jung Kwon, Yul Ri Chung, Hee-Chul Shin, Eun-Kyu Kim, Koung Jin Suh, Se Hyun Kim, Jee Hyun Kim, So Yeon Park

“…Methods We analyzed TNBC samples through PanCancer Immune Profiling using NanoString nCounter assays to identify immune-related genes that are expressed differentially in relation to TIL levels and evaluated protein expression of selected markers through immunohistochemical staining on tissue microarrays. For a comprehensive assessment of the expression of cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) and natural killer (NK) cell markers, a CTL-NK score was devised based on CD8+, CD56+, CD57+, GNLY+, and GZMB+ TIL levels. …”
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Elucidation of Dysregulated Pathways Associated With Hypoxia in Oestrogen Receptor‐Negative Breast Cancer by Suad A. K. Shamis, Jean Quinn, Sara Al‐Badran, Molly McKenzie, Phimmada Hatthakarnkul, Gerard Lynch, Guang‐Yu Lian, Warapan Numprasit, Laszlo Romics Jr., Ditte Andersen, Elizabeth Mallon, Donald C. McMillan, Joanne Edwards

“…Methods Immunohistochemistry was performed to identify the prognostic role of CAIX protein expression in ER− tissue microarrays (TMAs) (n = 191). CAIX‐positive samples (n = 37) were transcriptionally profiled by TempO‐Seq and analysed by STRING. …”
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Vitamin K‐dependent gamma‐carboxyglutamic acid protein 1 promotes pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma progression through stabilizing oncoprotein KRAS and tyrosine kinase receptor EGF... by Zheng Wu, Qing Ye, Shan Zhang, Li‐Peng Hu, Xiao‐Qi Wang, Lin‐Li Yao, Lei Zhu, Shu‐Yu Xiao, Zong‐Hao Duan, Xue‐Li Zhang, Shu‐Heng Jiang, Zhi‐Gang Zhang, De‐Jun Liu, Dong‐Xue Li, Xiao‐Mei Yang

“…Methods Analysis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) datasets, including transcription profiles, clinical data, and tissue microarrays, was conducted to evaluate PRRG1 expression and its clinical relevance. …”
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Characterizing spatial immune architecture in metastatic melanoma using high-dimensional multiplex imaging by Joel Eliason, Santhoshi Krishnan, Yasunari Fukuda, Matias A. Bustos, Dan Winkowski, Sungnam Cho, Akshay Basi, Akshay Basi, Regan Baird, Elizabeth A. Grimm, Michael A. Davies, Dave S. B. Hoon, Arvind Rao, Arvind Rao, Arvind Rao, Arvind Rao, Jared K. Burks, Jared K. Burks, Suhendan Ekmekcioglu

“…Understanding how the spatial architecture of immune and inflammatory components changes across disease stages may reveal novel prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets.MethodsWe performed high-dimensional spatial profiling of two melanoma tissue microarrays (TMAs), representing Stage III (n = 157) and Stage IV (n = 248) metastatic tumors. …”
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Outcomes Associated With ABCG2 and CD133 Expression in Patients With Gastric Cancer After Surgical Resection by Donghoon Kang, Jae Myung Park, Sung Hak Lee, Yu Kyung Cho, Bo-In Lee, Myung-Gyu Choi

“…Methods ABCG2 and CD133 expression levels were analyzed, using immunohistochemistry and tissue microarrays, in tumor samples from 459 patients who underwent surgical resections due to gastric cancer. …”
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