An introduction to causal discovery by Martin Huber

“…Abstract In social sciences and economics, causal inference traditionally focuses on assessing the impact of predefined treatments (or interventions) on predefined outcomes, such as the effect of education programs on earnings. Causal discovery, in contrast, aims to uncover causal relationships among multiple variables in a data-driven manner, by investigating statistical associations rather than relying on predefined causal structures. …”
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Understanding the mechanisms underlying the socioeconomic disparities in cancer screening among Australian women by Larry Myers, Nicole Perry, Laura Anderson, Michael Ireland, Claire Nightingale, Belinda Goodwin

“…Results The structural equation model including stress and screening literacy as mediators yielded excellent fit, χ2 (26) = 33.322, p = .153, TLI = 0.992. …”
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Agricultural Policies and Practices: Pathways for Transformation by Hari Sharma Neupane, Bikram Acharya, Pradeep Wagle, Buddhi Raj Gyawali

“…Thereof, a two-day (January 6-7, 2023) virtual symposium on "Agricultural Policies and Practices in Nepal: Pathways for Transformation" was jointly organized by the PRI and NAPA with the aim to discuss and synthesize structural, policy intervention-related procedural, and local barriers and issues inherent to inadequate agricultural growth in Nepal and recommend transformative and pragmatic policies, programs, and practices feasible at local, regional, and national levels. …”
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Research on the pharmacological potential of 1-alkyl derivatives of 3,5-dimethyl-4-((4-nitrobenzylidene)amino)-1,2,4-triazolium bromide by O. I. Panasenko, T. S. Brytanova, A. S. Hotsulia

“…The peculiarities of the chemical structure of the derivatives of this heterocycle provide a wide range of possibilities for chemical transformations that allow to obtain really effective drugs. …”
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Unilateral renal agenesis in greater rhea (Rhea americana Linnaeus, 1758) reared under human care in the potiguar semiarid, Brazil by Ana Caroline Freitas Caetano de Sousa, João Augusto Rodrigues Alves Diniz, Igor Renno Guimarães Lopes, Carlos Eduardo Vale Rebouças, Jael Soares Batista, Juliana Fortes Vilarinho Braga, Moacir Franco de Oliveira

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Unilateral renal agenesis in greater rhea (Rhea americana Linnaeus, 1758) reared under human care in the potiguar semiarid, Brazil by Ana Caroline Freitas Caetano de Sousa, João Augusto Rodrigues Alves Diniz, Igor Renno Guimarães Lopes, Carlos Eduardo Vale Rebouças, Jael Soares Batista, Juliana Fortes Vilarinho Braga, Moacir Franco de Oliveira

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The impact of exposure to scientific research and inclusive mentoring style on medical undergraduates’ perceptions of critical thinking, communication, and passion by Kecheng Zhou, Chunhua Cao, Xiao Liu, Mengqi Sun, Zhihan Wu, Weiqin Zheng, Cheng Peng

“…This study surveyed 366 medical students from Central South China, assessing students’ research involvement, mentoring style, self-perceived items of critical thinking, attitude toward communication skills, harmonious academic passion, and obsessive academic passion. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to model the structural relationships between the exposure to research and the self-perceived latent factors. …”
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Digital disclosures: Exploring the role of online mental health services in supporting young people who disclose violence or maltreatment by Robyn Molyneaux, Evelyn Mirembe, Steve Leicester, Carsten Schley, Eva Alisic

“…Clinicians navigate structural challenges, the anonymous nature of an online service, and work to develop common ground with young people and communicate transparently. …”
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Multi-Objective Urban Green Space Optimization of Wetland Cities Based on the Carbon Balance: A Case Study in Wuhan by Xu Liu, Zhixiang Zhou

“…This study aims to analyze the quantitative structure of urban green spaces through the lens of carbon balance, which can effectively enhance a city’s overall carbon sequestration capacity. …”
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Employing Quantum Entanglement for Real-Time Coordination of Distributed Electric Vehicle Charging Stations: Advancing Grid Efficiency and Stability by Dawei Wang, Hanqi Dai, Yuan Jin, Zhuoqun Li, Shanna Luo, Xuebin Li

“…Visual analytics using 3D surface plots and disaggregated bar charts confirm structured demand-price interactions and smooth, stable price evolution. …”
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Navigating norms: a qualitative exploration of factors shaping contraceptive use in Senegal by Manuela Reveiz, Rahmatoulah Gueye, Thaïs González Capella, Marieme Fall, Nour Horanieh, Nour Horanieh, Elizabeth Larson, Beniamino Cislaghi

“…This study employs social norms theory to explore how these dynamics shape women's contraceptive choices, examining the societal expectations, influential relationships, and strategies women use.MethodsThis qualitative study involved 256 participants (130 men and 126 women) from four regions of Senegal (Dakar, Tambacounda, Ziguinchor, and Matam). We employed semi-structured interviews (116) and focus group discussions (16 FGDs with 8–10 participants each) to explore experiences related to family planning access and services. …”
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Exploration and Prospects of DeepSeek Applications in Engineering Hydrology by GAO Zi-xuan, SONG Xin-yi

“…Standardized tasks (such as moving average calculations) achieved “prompt as code”, substantially reducing programming time and significantly enhancing workflow efficiency. …”
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Current Framework of Italian Agriculture and Changes between the 2010 and 2020 Censuses by Luca Altamore, Pietro Chinnici, Simona Bacarella, Stefania Chironi, Marzia Ingrassia

“…Farms’ type of activities, structure, digitalization/computerization, innovation, and workforces’ characteristics were analyzed. …”
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Mathematical model of on-demand route formation for public transport based on individual passenger requests in low-density population area by Svetlana S. Titova, Andrey V. Ostroukh

“…Route optimization was performed using dynamic programming algorithms that accounted for variable demand structure and resource limitations. …”
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Modeling the compressive strength of concrete at different curing regimes using machine learning by Kennedy C. Onyelowe, Ahmed M. Ebid, Rosa Belén Ramos Jiménez, Angel Geovanny Lozano Guamán, Diego Ramiro Ñacato Estrella, Juan Carlos Cayán Martínez, Eduardo Francisco García Cabezas, Paul Awoyera

“…Abstract In this research work, a representative data of 334 collected from literature of concrete admixed with highly pozzolanic industrial waste materials, which are nano-silica (nSi), nano-alumina (nAl) and micro-silica (mSi) has been deployed to the learning abilities of the artificial neural network (ANN), genetic programming (GP), and the evolutionary polynomial regression (EPR) under the influence of the variable structure neuron interface in the hidden layer and the levels complexity of the techniques. …”
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Concept of a geoinformation platform for landmines and other explosive objects detection and mapping with UAV by Mykhailo Popov, Sergey Stankevich, Sergey Mosov, Stanislav Dugin, Stanislav Golubov, Artem Andreiev, Artur Lysenko, Ievgen Saprykin

“…The tasks to be solved are to define the overall structure and components of the geoinformation platform, choose the technological solutions for each of them, and implement the system prototype that makes it possible to extend its configuration in the future. …”
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Milk phospholipid-coated lipid droplets modulate the infant gut microbiota and metabolome influencing weight gain by Simone Zuffa, Christophe Lay, Elizabeth A. Wimborne, Arabella Hornung Rodriguez, Yi Wu, Franklin L. Nobrega, Nana Bartke, Anita C. S. Hokken-Koelega, Jan Knol, Guus Roeselers, Jonathan R. Swann

“…Abstract Background The supramolecular structure and composition of milk fat globules in breast milk is complex. …”
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Title not available by Haydeé C. Verduzco-Aguirre

“…In contrast to the formal, explicitly endorsed curriculum for training in medical schools or post-graduate training programs, the hidden curriculum encompasses the implicit messages about the values, norms, and attitudes that learners can absorb from informal interpersonal interactions between students and faculty members, as well as through organizational, structural, and cultural influences in training institutions1. …”
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Close - up imaging of Oxia Planum analogue samples under different illumination conditions: preparing for the ExoMars rover mission by Gabriela Ligeza, Tomaso R. R. Bontognali, Tomaso R. R. Bontognali, Lucile Fayon, Axel Bouquety, Beda Hofmann, Beda Hofmann, Jean-Luc Josset, Nikolaus J. Kuhn

“…ExoMars is an astrobiology program led by the European Space Agency, which foresees the launch of a rover that will look for signs of past life on Mars. …”
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Ebbs and Flows of Marine Biodiversity: Navigating Spatiotemporal Patterns of Environmental DNA in a Coastal Tidal Ecosystem by Michelle Scriver, Ulla vonAmmon, Xavier Pochon, Martin Zirngibl, Francois Audrezet, Kaeden Leonard, Kylie Pedersen, Nick Bamford, Ngairo Tahere, Jo‐Ann L. Stanton, Neil J. Gemmell, Anastasija Zaiko

“…The results indicated slightly higher NIS detection from artificial structures at the shore stations and within 2 h of low tide. …”
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