Infection prevention and control measures during the COVID-19 pandemic and airborne tuberculosis transmission during primary care visits in South Africa by Nicolas Banholzer, Keren Middelkoop, Remo Schmutz, Juane Leukes, Kathrin Zürcher, Matthias Egger, Robin Wood, Lukas Fenner

“…These changes corresponded with a reduction in modeled Mtb transmission risk (0.04% vs 1.36%; P = 0.046). …”
Get full text

Improving Tiny Object Detection in Aerial Images with Yolov5 by Ahmed Sharba, Hussain Kanaan

“…This paper proposes improvements to the You Only Look Once version 5 (YOLOv5) model to enhance small object detection. Key modifications include adding a new prediction head with a 160×160 feature map, replacing the Sigmoid Linear Unit (SiLU) activation function with the Exponential Linear Unit (ELU), and swapping the Spatial Pyramid Pooling – Fast (SPPF) module with the Spatial Pyramid Pooling (SPP) module. …”
Get full text

Scalable Clustering of Complex ECG Health Data: Big Data Clustering Analysis with UMAP and HDBSCAN by Vladislav Kaverinskiy, Illya Chaikovsky, Anton Mnevets, Tatiana Ryzhenko, Mykhailo Bocharov, Kyrylo Malakhov

“…We applied a combination of Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection (UMAP) for dimensionality reduction and Hierarchical Density-Based Spatial Clustering (HDBSCAN) for unsupervised clustering. …”
Get full text

Research on the application of magnetic separation technology for the removal of black powder in natural gas pipelines by Hongwei YANG, Tianyu ZHANG, Fang LIU, Zhen LIU, Junxian CHEN, Wengang YANG

“…MethodsA three-dimensional model was developed using the finite element simulation software COMSOL to replicate magnetic system matrices. …”
Get full text

Multi-Scenario Land Use and Carbon Storage Assessment in the Yellow River Delta Under Climate Change and Resource Development by Zekun Wang, Xiaolei Liu, Shaopeng Zhang, Xiangshuai Meng, Hongjun Zhang, Xingsen Guo

“…The results of the study show the following: (1) Over the past 30 years, the land use pattern of the YRD has generally extended toward the sea, with land use transitions mainly from grasslands (the largest reduction: 1096.20 km²), wetlands, reservoirs and ponds, and paddy fields to drylands, culture areas, construction lands, salt pans, and tidal flats. (2) Carbon storage in the YRD exhibits significant spatial heterogeneity. …”
Get full text

Assessment the Effects of Climate Change on the Degree of Heating and Cooling Days of Iran by Hasan Zolfaqari, Hamid Rahimi, Rohollah Oji

“…Downscaled output of three RCM models of CNRM، EC-Earth and GFDL, with the spatial resolutions of 0.44 degrees under two emissions trajectories (RCPs 4.5 and 8.5), are applied in this regard. …”
Get full text

Monitoring changes of forest height in California by Samuel Favrichon, Jake Lee, Yan Yang, Yan Yang, Ricardo Dalagnol, Ricardo Dalagnol, Fabien Wagner, Le Bienfaiteur Sagang, Le Bienfaiteur Sagang, Sassan Saatchi, Sassan Saatchi, Sassan Saatchi

“…Height showed distinct spatial variations across forest types offering quantitative and spatial information to evaluate forest conditions. …”
Get full text

FDI-VSR: Video Super-Resolution Through Frequency-Domain Integration and Dynamic Offset Estimation by Donghun Lim, Janghoon Choi

“…In this paper, we propose FDI-VSR, a novel framework that integrates spatiotemporal dynamics and frequency-domain analysis into conventional SISR models without extensive modifications. We introduce two key modules: the Spatiotemporal Feature Extraction Module (STFEM), which employs dynamic offset estimation, spatial alignment, and multi-stage temporal aggregation using residual channel attention blocks (RCABs); and the Frequency–Spatial Integration Module (FSIM), which transforms deep features into the frequency domain to effectively capture global context beyond the limited receptive field of standard convolutions. …”
Get full text

Integration of multimodal imaging data with machine learning for improved diagnosis and prognosis in neuroimaging by Saurabh Bhattacharya, Sashikanta Prusty, Sanjay P. Pande, Monali Gulhane, Santosh H. Lavate, Nitin Rakesh, Saravanan Veerasamy

“…This work introduces a novel hybrid deep learning method combining CNN, GRU, and a Dynamic Cross-Modality Attention Module to help more efficiently blend spatial and temporal brain data. Through working around issues with current multimodal fusion techniques, our approach increases the accuracy and readability of diagnoses.MethodsUtilizing CNNs and models of temporal dynamics from fMRI connection measures utilizing GRUs, the proposed approach extracts spatial characteristics from sMRI. …”
Get full text

Identifying hotspots and risk factors for tick-borne encephalitis virus emergence at its range margins to guide interventions, Great Britain by Bethan V Purse

“…Combining animal surveillance and iterative spatial risk modelling can enhance preparedness in areas of tick-borne disease emergence.…”
Get full text

Detection of VLF Attenuation in the Earth‐Ionosphere Waveguide Caused by X‐Class Solar Flares Using aGlobal Lightning Location Network by T. S. Anderson, M. P. McCarthy, R. H. Holzworth

“…We describe the VLF response in the EIWG to two X‐class solar flares and compare mapped attenuation regions with those provided by the NOAA D‐Region Absorption Prediction model. The identified attenuation regions associated with these flares match the D‐Region Absorption Prediction‐predicted regions well in both spatial extent and onset timing. …”
Get full text

An Inverted Residual Cross Head Knowledge Distillation Network for Remote Sensing Scene Image Classification by Cuiping Shi, Mengxiang Ding, Liguo Wang

“…Moreover, in traditional knowledge distillation methods, conflicts sometimes arise between teacher predictions and true labels, which hinder the training of the model. …”
Get full text

Unleashing the potential of geostationary satellite observations in air quality forecasting through artificial intelligence techniques by C. Zhang, X. Niu, H. Wu, Z. Ding, K. L. Chan, J. Kim, T. Wagner, C. Liu, C. Liu, C. Liu

“…GeoNet leverages spatiotemporal series of satellite NO<span class="inline-formula">₂</span> observations to capture the intricate relationships among air quality, meteorology, and emissions in both temporal and spatial domains. Evaluation against ground-based measurements demonstrates that GeoNet accurately predicts diurnal variations and spatial distribution details of next-day NO<span class="inline-formula">₂</span> pollution, yielding a coefficient of determination of 0.68 and a root mean square of error of 12.31 <span class="inline-formula">µg</span> m<span class="inline-formula">⁻³</span>, significantly surpassing traditional air quality model forecasts. …”
Get full text

Comparison of Machine-Learning Algorithms for Near-Surface Air-Temperature Estimation from FY-4A AGRI Data by Ke Zhou, Hailei Liu, Xiaobo Deng, Hao Wang, Shenglan Zhang

“…The performance of each model and the temporal and spatial distribution of the estimated Tair errors were analyzed. …”
Get full text

Correlation Between Learning and Memory Impairment and Changes in Cerebral White Matter Nerve Fibers and Pericytes in Rats with Chronic Cerebral Ischemia by HUANG Jia, WANG Mengxue, NI Jinglei, LIANG Shengxiang, LIN Bingbing

“…The sham operation group were treated with bilateral common carotid arteries separation without ligation, and chronic cerebral ischemia models were established by ligation of bilateral common carotid arteries in the 28 days after operation group and the 56 days after operation group. …”
Get full text

Mapping Soil Available Nitrogen Using Crop-Specific Growth Information and Remote Sensing by Xinle Zhang, Yihan Ma, Shinai Ma, Chuan Qin, Yiang Wang, Huanjun Liu, Lu Chen, Xiaomeng Zhu

“…These remote sensing variables were combined with soil sample data, crop type information, and crop growth period data as predictive factors and input into a Random Forest (RF) model optimized using the Optuna hyperparameter tuning algorithm. …”
Get full text

Skillful Seasonal Forecasting of Spatiotemporal Rainfall Anomalies Over High Mountain Asia by Jieru Ma, Hong‐Li Ren, Ming Cai, Xiangde Xu, Yu Geng, Minghong Liu

“…Based on these spatiotemporal patterns and their predictors reflecting slowly varying atmospheric boundary conditions, we develop a physical‐statistical prediction model that significantly improves predictions of both the detailed seasonal evolution and the rainy‐season mean of HMA precipitation anomalies. …”
Get full text

Enhancing monitoring of rewilding progress through wildlife tracking and remote sensing. by Julia Carolina Mata, Robert Buitenwerf, Jens-Christian Svenning

“…The majority of areas (76%) predicted to be occupied by reintroduced fauna were only predicted to be selected by one species. …”
Get full text

Redox regulation and dynamic control of brain-selective kinases BRSK1/2 in the AMPK family through cysteine-based mechanisms by George N Bendzunas, Dominic P Byrne, Safal Shrestha, Leonard A Daly, Sally O Oswald, Samiksha Katiyar, Aarya Venkat, Wayland Yeung, Claire E Eyers, Patrick A Eyers, Natarajan Kannan

“…The occurrence of spatially proximal Cys amino acids in diverse Ser/Thr protein kinase families suggests that disulfide-mediated control of catalytic activity may be a prevalent mechanism for regulation within the broader AMPK family.…”
Get full text

Taxon-Dependent Community Assembly of Bacteria and Protists in River Ecosystems: A Case Study from the Yujiang River by Yusen Li, Wenjian Chen, Yaoquan Han, Jianjun Lei, Bo Huang, Youjie Qin, Feng Lin, Caijin Li, Dapeng Wang, Lei Zhou

“…Moreover, the longitude of sampling sites was linked to spatial variations in both bacterial and protistan communities. …”
Get full text