Multiscale strength formation mechanism and stress-strain behavior of alkali-activated metakaolin concrete considering the effect of alkaline solution/binder ratio by Chenyang Yuan, Haiyang Hu, Weifeng Bai, Junfeng Guan, Yajun Lv, Chaopeng Xie, Lielie Li

“…Experiments are designed with seven different AL/B (0.55–0.85), and the effects of different AL/B on the macro-mechanical properties and microstructure of AAMK are analyzed by means of tests such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), uniaxial compression, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). …”
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Different approaches for plasma nitrocarburizing of austenitic stainless steel using a plasma-activated solid carbon precursor in a hot-wall reactor by Saeed M. Jafarpour, Anke Dalke, Horst Biermann

“…Therefore, the expanded austenite generated during each treatment is characterized by analysis of the cross-sectional microstructure, surface morphology, phase composition, elemental-depth profile, surface hardness and resistance to dry sliding wear and pitting corrosion. …”
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A comprehensive evaluation of cost-effective forged and aged β-type Ti–14Mn–Zr alloys with variable Zr content for biomedical implant applications by Ahmed H. Awad, Ahmed W. Abdelghany, Matias Jaskari, Antti Järvenpää, Mohamed Abdel-Hady Gepreel

“…This study investigates the influence of Zirconium (Zr) content, hot forging, and aging treatments on the microstructure, mechanical properties, magnetic response, and biological performance of Ti–14Mn-xZr (x = 0, 3, and 6 wt%) alloys. …”
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Investigating the role of starch in the structuring of meat alternatives from mung bean and pea protein isolates via heat-induced gelation by Mohammad Affan Baig, Hussein Mostafa, Nilushni Sivapragasam, Raouf Aslam, Weibiao Zhou, Sajid Maqsood

“…Chewiness was influenced by the interaction of hardness and springiness. The microstructure analysis showed dense protein matrix in the meat alternative.DiscussionOverall, the study shows that starch facilitated the structuring of meat alternative formulated using MBPI and PPI which could be utilized as potential materials for enhanced textural properties of the meat alternatives.…”
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Development and characterization of carbon-based conductive pastes with high mechanical integrity under bending stress for room-temperature printable electronics by Santiago Mesa, Edwin Ramírez, Kelly G. Rivera Botia, Franklin Jaramillo, Daniel Ramírez

“…Best-performing pastes were further characterized by sheet resistance, viscosity, adhesion, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis to understand the microstructure of the films. …”
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Upcycling casein from expired pasteurized milk into films – Development and characterization of films made from sodium caseinate by Stefano Gerna, Paolo D’Incecco, Sara Limbo, Cristina Alamprese, Luisa Pellegrino

“…Films with higher fat content (25 %) were thicker and with a more irregular and heterogeneous microstructure, as observed by CLSM and SEM. Sonication, particularly probe sonication, reduced the size of milk fat structures in the derived films. …”
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Gas Barrier Properties of Organoclay-Reinforced Polyamide 6 Nanocomposite Liners for Type IV Hydrogen Storage Vessels by Dávid István Kis, Pál Hansághy, Attila Bata, Nándor Nemestóthy, Péter Gerse, Ferenc Tajti, Eszter Kókai

“…SEM images revealed significant OMMT agglomeration, and DSC analysis confirmed reduced crystallinity, indicating that despite the excellent barrier performance, the compromised microstructure may negatively impact mechanical reliability, showing PA6/OMMT-1 wt. % to be the most balanced candidate combining both mechanical integrity and hydrogen impermeability for Type IV COPV liners.…”
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Utilisation of Bayer red mud for high-performance geopolymer: Competitive roles of different activators by Zhiping Li, Haifeng Dong, Xiushao Zhao, Kai Wang, Xiaojian Gao

“…The hydration products and the microstructure of the RM-based geopolymers were characterized using XRD, FTIR, and SEM-EDS analysis to reveal the reaction mechanism. …”
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Interfacial chemistry and reinforcement mechanisms of polyurethane composites via epoxy-modified fly ash by Xu Li, Mingyi Li, Peiyu Jia, Sitong Zhang, Lan Jia, Zhiyi Zhang, Fengbo Zhu, Wenwen Yu

“…The KH-560-modified FA achieved ∼45 % higher mechanical strength (compressive, tensile, lap shear) and 64.5 % enhanced interfacial bonding in polyurethane (PU) composites compared to unmodified FA. The comprehensive analysis of microstructure, interfacial energy and cross-linking degree of the composite revealed two critical factors: (1) hydrolyzable group density (not type) dominated interfacial wettability, as incomplete hydrolysis of KH-562 increased residual hydroxyl groups, causing polarity mismatch with the PU matrix; (2) steric hindrance from epoxy-linked groups reduced epoxy reactivity, weakening covalent bonding with PU isocyanates. …”
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Influence of High Pressure or Autoclaving-Cooling Cycles and Pullulanase Treatment on Buckwheat Starch Properties and Resistant Starch Formation by Górecki Adrian R., Błaszczak Wioletta, Lewandowicz Jacek, Le Thanh-Blicharz Joanna, Penkacik Kamila

“…Buckwheat starch was subjected to cycles of high pressure-cooling (P-CC) or autoclaving-cooling (A-CC) combined with pullulanase debranching to determine changes in resistant starch (RS) content, digestibility, rheological properties and microstructure. Native buckwheat starch had 11.9 g/kg of RS, while the highest RS content (58.7 g/kg) was reached after A-CC and 6 h of pullulanase treatment. …”
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First-principles study of the matrix alloying effect of X (X = Cr, Mo, W, V, Ti, Si) on the bonding characteristics and mechanical properties of the NbC/Fe interface by Yutong Yu, Lisheng Zhong, Enci Han, Ke Shi, Kaiyuan Hu, Chengwen Zhang, Yunhua Xu, Jianhong Peng, Xu Hu

“…The tensile strength and strain of the interface significantly improved after the matrix alloying of Fe by Cr, V and Ti, the microstructure evolved during the tensile deformation, and a new phase was formed. …”
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Construction and Characterization of Soybean Isolate Protein-Polysaccharide-Starch Salt-reducing Gel System by Siqi YANG, Qianqian ZHANG, Yingru XU, Zhixiong LIN, Yi ZHANG, Baodong ZHENG, Hongliang ZENG

“…In microstructure, SPI-KGM and starch were cross-linked to form a continuous and dense network structure. …”
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The Effect of Drag Finishing on Additively Manufactured Customized Dental Crowns by Cosmin Cosma, Martin Melichar, Stelian Libu, Alexandru Popan, Glad Contiu, Cristina Teusan, Petru Berce, Nicolae Balc

“…To evaluate the impact of this automatic post-processing, surface roughness measurements and geometrical investigations were undertaken. The microstructure was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the chemical composition was verified by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX). …”
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Engineering a Dual-Function Starch–Cellulose Composite for Colon-Targeted Probiotic Delivery and Synergistic Gut Microbiota Regulation in Type 2 Diabetes Therapeutics by Ruixiang Liu, Yikang Ding, Yujing Xu, Qifeng Wu, Yanan Chen, Guiming Yan, Dengke Yin, Ye Yang

“…<b>Methods:</b> The CTDS was designed as a core–shell composite through microwave–hydrothermal engineering, comprising the following: (1) a retrograded starch shell with acid/enzyme-resistant crystallinity to protect probiotics from gastric degradation; (2) a porous cellulose core derived from <i>Pueraria lobata</i>’s natural microstructure, serving as a colonization scaffold for probiotics. …”
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Adaptive Evolution of <i>Sporosarcina pasteurii</i> Enhances Saline–Alkali Resistance for High-Performance Concrete Crack Repair via MICP by Jieyu Liu, Huaihua Xu, Min Dong, Zilin Cheng, Chenkai Mi, Shuai Sun, Ruiying Zhu, Peipei Han

“…Subsequent evaluations demonstrated the evolved strain’s superior salt–alkali tolerance through enhanced enzymatic activity, precipitation yield, particle size distribution, crystal morphology, and microstructure characterization under various saline–alkaline conditions. …”
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Development of Coal Mine Filling Paste with Certain Early Strength and Its Flow Characteristics by Feng Zhang, Jinxiao Liu, Haiming Ni, Wenxin Li, Yongle Liu

“…The factors affecting paste flow characteristics were determined by range analysis, and the factors affecting the paste’s early strength were determined by the XRD test and SEM test on its microstructure. …”
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Impact of laser shock peening on high-strength aluminum alloys in marine environments by Xiang-Fei Wang, Xiao-Ye Zhou, Jia-Le Mao, Ji-Hua Zhu, Chun Pei

“…LSP induces high strain-rate plastic deformation, resulting in dense dislocation structures and promoting grain refinement mechanisms within the microstructure. A comparative analysis of LSP treatments using laser pulse energies of 1.8 J and 2.6 J reveals that the 1.8 J pulse energy optimally enhances mechanical properties and fatigue resistance. …”
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Technologies for Resource-Efficient Recycling of End-of-Life Crystalline Silicon Photovoltaic Panels by Pradeep Padhamnath, Srinath Nalluri, Filip Kuśmierczyk, Mateusz Kopyściański, Mirosław Karbowniczek

“…Through experiments, it was observed that the size of the recycled Si does not impact the microstructure of the FeSi produced, which means that the technology could be easily used to handle different sizes of Si source. …”
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Assessment on electrical discharge machining of ultrasonication assisted stir-casted AA8081-B4C-Gr hybrid composites and prediction using Levenberg-Marquardt technique by M. Vivekanandhan, N. Senthilkumar, B. Deepanraj, Nithesh Naik

“…Cavitation promotes heterogeneous nucleation, leading to a fine and equiaxed microstructure and reduced porosity. Increased Ton rises MRR and TWR owing to enhanced thermal energy transfer and prolonged spark duration. …”
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Experimental study on the reinforcement mechanism and wave thumping resistance of EICP reinforced sand slopes by Shixia Zhang, Zhenyuan Liu, Zuoyong Li, Danyi Shen, Chuangzhou Wu

“…By analyzing the physical and mechanical properties, erosion resistance, and microstructure of EICP-reinforced sand slopes, the mechanism of EICP reinforced sand slopes is revealed, the feasibility of EICP reinforced sand slopes is confirmed, and a feasible solution for EICP reinforced sand slopes is finally obtained. …”
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