Temporal and Severity-Dependent Alterations in Plasma Extracellular Vesicle Profiles Following Spinal Cord Injury by Jamie Cooper, Scott Tait Airey, Eric Patino, Theo Andriot, Mousumi Ghosh, Damien D. Pearse

“…These markers, traditionally associated with platelet function, may also reflect immune or reparative responses following SCI. …”
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Fatty Acids and Inflammatory Protein Biomarkers From Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients by Niharika Bala, Alaa H. Habib, Marianne Kozuch, Nancy D. Denslow, Neha S. Dhaliwal, Anna H. Owings, Sarah C. Glover, Abdel A. Alli

“…These lipids can target transcription factors to modulate gene expression and protein function. Methods Here, we performed a fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) analysis and immunoassays to evaluate whether differences in basal levels of different types of biomarkers can be detected in freshly frozen plasma samples from patients with and without COVID‐19. …”
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Legume-based rotation alters soil eukaryotic community and improves soil multifunctionality by Tingwei Meng, Yi Fan, Yiheng Tao, Yi Wu, Shuang Pang, Wei Yang, Xiaoyu Guo, Ximei Zhang

“…Abstract Background Legume-based rotation modulates soil microbial communities, which are critical to soil health and sustainable agriculture. …”
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Neuronal CD59 isoforms IRIS-1 and IRIS-2 as regulators of neurotransmitter release with implications for Alzheimer’s disease by Ewelina Golec, Robin Olsson, Emre Can Tuysuz, Maja Karlsson, Yasmin Serjieh, Ben C. King, Malin Wennström, Anna M. Blom

“…While investigating their expression across human tissues, we identified IRIS-1 and IRIS-2 mRNA in the human brain, though their protein expression and function remained unclear. This study shows the presence of both IRIS-1 and 2 proteins in the human brain, specifically in neurons and astrocytes. …”
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Dual signaling pathways of TGF-β superfamily cytokines in hepatocytes: balancing liver homeostasis and disease progression by Roohi Chaudhary, Roohi Chaudhary, Ralf Weiskirchen, Marcelo Ehrlich, Yoav I. Henis

“…These cytokines play critical roles in liver function and disease progression. Here, we discuss Smad-dependent (canonical) and non-Smad pathways activated by these cytokines in a hepatocellular context. …”
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SDMSEAF-YOLOv8: a framework to significantly improve the detection performance of unmanned aerial vehicle images by Linxuan Li, Xiaoyu Liu, Xuan Chen, Fengjuan Yin, Bin Chen, Yufeng Wang, Fanbin Meng

“…The conventional non-maximum suppression algorithm is improved, so as to reduce the problem of missed detections under a densely occluded scene by setting the attenuation function to adjust the confidence of the treated box based on the overlap between it and the highest-scoring box. …”
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Enhancing potato growth and quality through macronutrient and zinc fertilization: a field-based study on osmolyte responses and quality trait by Yan Yang, Hongyang Wang, Chunguang Yao, Youhong Feng, Yunxin Kong, Shah Fahad, Umair Riaz, Hao Liu, Qamar uz Zaman, Khawar Sultan, Gang Deng

“…Abstract Macronutrients regulate each aspect of plant function, including metabolism, resource allocation, growth, and development. …”
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Hyperspectral Image Reconstruction Based on Blur–Kernel–Prior and Spatial–Spectral Attention by Hongyu Xie, Mingyu Yang, Huansong Huang, Mingle Zhang, Wei Zhang, Qingbin Jiao, Liang Xu, Xin Tan

“…The <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>L</mi><mn>1</mn></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> loss function, combined with spectral dimension loss and peak signal-to-noise ratio loss, is utilized to constrain and ensure reconstruction accuracy. …”
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MSUD-YOLO: A Novel Multiscale Small Object Detection Model for UAV Aerial Images by Xiaofeng Zhao, Hui Zhang, Wenwen Zhang, Junyi Ma, Chenxiao Li, Yao Ding, Zhili Zhang

“…Finally, the WIoU v3 loss function is used to make the model more focused on low-quality examples, thereby improving the model’s object localization ability. …”
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YOLO-UP: A High-Throughput Pest Detection Model for Dense Cotton Crops Utilizing UAV-Captured Visible Light Imagery by Chenglei Sun, Afizan Bin Azman, Zaiyun Wang, Xiaoxiao Gao, Kai Ding

“…YOLO-PEST incorporates a custom-designed SC3 module to enhance low-level feature extraction and employs the GeLU activation function to address the vanishing gradient issue. …”
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NOD1 promotes leukocyte clearance and limits inflammation in female mice during obesity‐associated acute lung injury by Rodrigo Rodrigues e Lacerda, Nicole G. Barra, Han Fang, Gabriel Forato Anhê, Jonathan D. Schertzer

“…These findings indicate that NOD1 regulates leukocyte dynamics, inflammation, and macrophage function in the obese lung. We identify NOD1 as a key protective modulator of pulmonary immune responses during acute lung injury under metabolic stress.…”
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Prenatal psychological stress mediates vertical transmission of gut microbiome to the next generation affecting offspring depressive-like behaviors and neurotransmitter by Yuexuan Liu, Junlin Hou, Zhaoyao Qi, Liping Yang, Zhixin Du, Yongye Wu, Qi Song, Xiaobing Li, Jianhua Sun, Ping Chen, Xutao Guan, Lingling Li

“…In terms of microbial function, both PPS dams and their offspring exhibited upregulation of glycine, glutamate, and serine metabolism in fecal samples, as revealed by untargeted metabolomics. …”
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Characterization of an unusual SARS-CoV-2 main protease natural variant exhibiting resistance to nirmatrelvir and ensitrelvir by Dipendra Bhandari, Oksana Gerlits, Stephen Keable, Leighton Coates, Annie Aniana, Rodolfo Ghirlando, Nashaat T. Nashed, Andrey Kovalevsky, John M. Louis

“…Abstract We investigate the effects of two naturally selected substitution and deletion (Δ) mutations, constituting part of the substrate binding subsites S2 and S4, on the structure, function, and inhibition of SARS CoV-2 main protease. …”
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TemDeep: a self-supervised framework for temporal downscaling of atmospheric fields at arbitrary time resolutions by L. Wang, Q. Li, Q. Li, Q. Lv, Q. Lv, X. Peng, X. Peng, W. You

“…In addition, to avoid generating abnormal values and to guide the model out of local optima, two regularization terms are integrated into the loss function to enforce spatial and temporal continuity, which further improves the performance by 7.6 %.…”
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Melatonin Ameliorates Organellar Calcium Homeostasis, Improving Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Mediated Apoptosis in the Vastus Lateralis Muscle of Both Sexes of Obese Diabetic Rats by Diego Salagre, Miguel Navarro-Alarcón, Luis Gerardo González, Mohamed A. Elrayess, Marina Villalón-Mir, Rocío Haro-López, Ahmad Agil

“…Our previous research showed that melatonin raises intracellular calcium and preserves muscle structure by enhancing mitochondrial function in obese diabetic rats. This study further explores melatonin’s potential to reduce ER stress in the vastus lateralis (VL) muscle by modulating the unfolded protein response (UPR) and restoring calcium levels disrupted by diabesity. …”
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PAMFPN: Position-Aware Multi-Kernel Feature Pyramid Network with Adaptive Sparse Attention for Robust Object Detection in Remote Sensing Imagery by Xiaofei Yang, Suihua Xue, Lin Li, Sihuan Li, Yudong Fang, Xiaofeng Zhang, Xiaohui Huang

“…It selectively focuses computation on sparse targets through a decay function that suppresses background noise while enhancing spatial correlations of critical regions. …”
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Surface Defect and Malformation Characteristics Detection for Fresh Sweet Cherries Based on YOLOv8-DCPF Method by Yilin Liu, Xiang Han, Longlong Ren, Wei Ma, Baoyou Liu, Changrong Sheng, Yuepeng Song, Qingda Li

“…Additionally, to improve bounding box regression accuracy, powerful-IoU (PIoU) replaces the traditional CIoU loss function. Finally, self-distillation technology is introduced to further improve the mode’s generalization capability and detection accuracy through knowledge transfer. …”
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The MiBlend Randomized Trial: Investigating Genetic Polymorphisms in Personalized Responses to Fruit and Vegetable Interventions for Chronic Disease Prevention by Julia N. DeBenedictis, Na Xu, Theo M. de Kok, Simone G. van Breda

“…GSTP1 polymorphisms likely affect microvascular responses to polyphenol-rich F&V intake by modulating detoxification and fiber-derived butyrate that can influence arterial dilation and endothelial function. …”
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Fine-Grained Extraction of Coastal Aquaculture Ponds From Remote Sensing Images Using an Edge-Supervised Multi-task Neural Network by Jian Qi, Min Ji, Fengxiang Jin, Jianran Xu, Hanyu Ji, Juan Wang

“…Finally, the adoption of an adaptively optimized multitask loss function obviates the necessity for manual allocation of weights. …”
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Ferroptosis-disulfidptosis-related CHMP6 is a clinico-immune target in colorectal cancer by Yifei Zhu, Huixia Huang, Jiayu Chen, Keji Chen, Yanxi Yao, Yaxian Wang, Yuxue Li, Zhibing Qiu, Dawei Li, Ping Wei

“…Beyond its inhibitory effect on tumor cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, CHMP6 was found to play a critical role in modulating anti-tumor immunity. Our findings established CHMP6 as a dual-function tumor suppressor that not only restrains tumor progression but also enhances immune-mediated tumor control. …”
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