An advanced deep learning method for pepper diseases and pests detection by Xuewei Wang, Jun Liu, Qian Chen

“…Built upon YOLOv10n, YOLO-Pepper incorporates four major innovations: (1) an Adaptive Multi-Scale Feature Extraction (AMSFE) module that improves feature capture through multi-branch convolutions; (2) a Dynamic Feature Pyramid Network (DFPN) enabling context-aware feature fusion; (3) a specialized Small Detection Head (SDH) tailored for minute targets; and (4) an Inner-CIoU loss function that enhances localization accuracy by 18% compared to standard CIoU. …”
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Lutein Protects Ischemic Skin Flaps via Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Mechanisms in a Rat Model of Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Ovunc Akdemir, Atilla Eyuboglu, Emel Oyku Cetin, Yigit Uyanikgil

“…Flap viability was assessed macroscopically on postoperative day 10, and biochemical and histopathological analyses were conducted to explore underlying mechanisms.Results Compared to controls, lutein-treated animals demonstrated significantly larger flap survival areas (21.18 ± 0.88 cm2 vs. 8.42 ± 1.15 cm2, p < 0.05), lower malondialdehyde levels (p < 0.01) and myeloperoxidase levels (p < 0.05), and higher glutathione (p < 0.05) and nitric oxide concentrations (p < 0.01), suggesting reduced oxidative stress and improved vascular function. Histological examination revealed less necrosis, edema, and neutrophil infiltration in the Lutein group, alongside enhanced fibroblast activity, collagen deposition, and neovascularization. …”
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Impacts of endogenous opioid blockade and sex on working memory among ad-libitum and abstinent smokers and non-smokers by Ryan Johnson, Briana N. DeAngelis, Motohiro Nakajima, Sharon S. Allen, Mustafa al'Absi

“…Conclusions: The findings suggest a modulating role of the endogenous opioid system in working memory function. …”
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The defensome of prokaryotes in aquifers by Pengwei Li, Zongzhi Wu, Tang Liu, Chunfang Deng, Quan Liu, Jinren Ni

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Macrophages in the pathogenesis of monogenic muscular dystrophies: inflammation, fibrosis, and therapeutic implications by Jae Hyung Kim, Jea-Hyun Baek

“…Strategies include modulating macrophage polarization toward a pro-regenerative M2 phenotype, inhibiting macrophage recruitment via chemokine signaling, and reprogramming macrophage metabolism to support oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial function. …”
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An improved lightweight tiny-person detection network based on YOLOv8: IYFVMNet by Fan Yang, Lihu Pan, Hongyan Cui, Linliang Zhang

“…This approach fully utilizes all feature map information while minimizing the computational and memory requirements. (2) the neck network structure is optimized using the Vovnet Gsconv Cross Stage Partial module. This operation also reduces the computational cost by decreasing the amount of required feature map channels, while maintaining the effectiveness of the feature representation. (3) he Minimum Point Distance Intersection over Union loss function is employed to optimize bounding box detection during model training. (4) to construct the overall network structure, the Layer-wise Adaptive Momentum Pruning algorithm is used for thinning.ResultsExperiments on the TinyPerson dataset demonstrate that IYFVMNet achieves a 46.3% precision, 30% recall, 29.3% mAP50, and 11.8% mAP50-95.DiscussionThe model exhibits higher performance in terms of accuracy and efficiency when compared to other benchmark models, which demonstrates the effectiveness of the improved algorithm (e.g., YOLO-SGF, Guo-Net, TRC-YOLO) in small-object detection and provides a reference for future research.…”
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The Effect of Capsulotomy Shape on Intraocular Light-Scattering after Nd:YAG Laser Capsulotomy by Jun Li, Zhe Yu, Hui Song

“…The corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), objective scatter index (OSI), modulation transfer function cutoff (MTF cutoff), Strehl ratio, and Optical Quality Analysis System values at contrasts of 100%, 20%, and 9% (OV-100, OV-20, and OV-9) were measured at precapsulotomy and 1 week and 1 month postcapsulotomy. …”
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Effects of Eight Weeks of Endurance and Resistance Training on Serum Level of Apoptotic Indicators in Elderly Women by Parvin Mortezaei, Sajad Arshadi, Abdolali Banaeifar, Mojtaba Izadi

“…Introduction:  The elderly's increased apoptosis causes physical function decline and quality of life loss, requiring non-pharmacological apoptosis regulation techniques. …”
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Cell cycle-dependent expression of Dub3, Nanog and the p160 family of nuclear receptor coactivators (NCoAs) in mouse embryonic stem cells. by Siem van der Laan, Eleonora Golfetto, Jean-Marc Vanacker, Domenico Maiorano

“…Curiously, while Esrrb showed only limited cell-cycle oscillations, transcript levels of the p160 family of nuclear receptor coactivators (NCoAs) displayed strong cell cycle-dependent fluctuations. Since NCoAs function in concert with Esrrb in transcriptional activation, we focussed on NCoA1 whose levels specifically increase prior onset of Dub3 transcription. …”
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Lightweight coal mine conveyor belt foreign object detection based on improved Yolov8n by Jierui Ling, Zhibo Fu, Xinpeng Yuan

“…Lastly, the original CIoU loss function in Yolov8n is replaced with MPDIoU, which allows the model to more accurately predict the position and shape of bounding boxes in the object detection task, thereby further reducing accuracy loss. …”
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Harmonic imaging for nonlinear detection of acoustic biomolecules by Rohit Nayak, Mengtong Duan, Bill Ling, Zhiyang Jin, Dina Malounda, Mikhail G. Shapiro

“…These air-filled, genetically encoded protein nanostructures can be expressed in a variety of cell types in vivo to visualize cell location and activity or injected systemically to label and monitor tissue function. Distinguishing GV signal from tissue deep inside intact organisms requires imaging approaches such as amplitude modulation (AM) or collapse-based pulse sequences. …”
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PPIH is a novel diagnostic biomarker associated with immune infiltration in cholangiocarcinoma by Jun Ye, Zhitao Chen, Chuan Zhang, Rui Xie, Haini Chen, Peng Ren

“…This study aims to investigate the diagnostic value and potential function of PPIH in CHOL. Methods We analyzed the expression levels, prognostic significance, and diagnostic efficiency of PPIH in CHOL using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets, coupled with gene enrichment analyses. …”
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Specific nature of the integrative (complex) effect of environmental factors on hazelnut cultivars in the Russian humid subtropics by T. D. Besedina, A. P. Boyko, Ts. V. Tutberidze, N. S. Kiseleva

“…Environmental factors were assessed using phenological techniques based on recording the flowering and fruiting dates, recognized as the function demonstrating the complex effect of these factors on the hazelnut yield throughout the crop’s perennial cycle. …”
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C-terminal Substitution for Enhanced Catalytic Activity of Phenolic Acid Decarboxylase from Bacillus subtilis J6 and Its Molecular Dynamics Simulation by CHEN Yinzhu, LI Qin, HU Kaidi, LI Jianlong, ZHAO Ning, GOU Liangxun, LIU Shuliang

“…This study not only enriches PAD resources but also offers new insights into the relationship between the structure and function of PAD.…”
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TFF-Net: A Feature Fusion Graph Neural Network-Based Vehicle Type Recognition Approach for Low-Light Conditions by Huizhi Xu, Wenting Tan, Yamei Li, Yue Tian

“…Finally, the proposed TFF-Net is integrated into YOLOv11n (a lightweight real-time object detector) with an improved adaptive loss function. For experimental validation in low-light scenarios, we constructed the low-light vehicle dataset VDD-Light based on the public dataset UA-DETRAC. …”
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Evaluating the Efficacy of a Novel Multi-Component Feed Additive for Methane Mitigation and Performance Enhancement in Sheep by M. Jordana Rivero, Afsal A. Khan, Tersur T. Akpensuen, Paulo Meo-Filho, Simón Pérez-Márquez, Andy Jones

“…This study assessed the efficacy of a multi-component feed additive that combines medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs), live yeast, plant-based agents, and Vitamin B, in reducing methane emissions, improving feed efficiency, and enhancing growth and immune function in sheep. Twenty crossbred castrated male sheep (52 ± 3.7 kg) were divided into control and treatment groups (n = 10 each), with the treatment group receiving grass pellets supplemented with the multi-component feed additive (20 g/day) for 71 days, including a 30-day acclimatisation period. …”
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A force-activated trip switch triggers rapid dissociation of a colicin from its immunity protein. by Oliver E Farrance, Eleanore Hann, Renata Kaminska, Nicholas G Housden, Sasha R Derrington, Colin Kleanthous, Sheena E Radford, David J Brockwell

“…A trip switch within E9 is ideal for its function as it allows bipartite complex affinity, whereby the stable colicin:immunity protein complex required for host protection can be readily converted to a kinetically unstable complex whose dissociation is necessary for cellular invasion and competitor death. …”
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An Integrated Lateral and Longitudinal Decision-Making Model for Autonomous Driving Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning by Jianxun Cui, Boyuan Zhao, Mingcheng Qu

“…By setting a reasonable state, action, and reward function, this paper has carried out a large number of simulation experiments on the proposed autonomous driving decision-making model based on deep reinforcement learning in a three-lane road environment. …”
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Stem cell-based therapeutic strategies for down syndrome and Alzheimer’s disease by Osama Hamadelseed, Thomas Skutella

“…Preclinical trials using neural, mesenchymal, and induced pluripotent stem cells have shown their potential to mitigate disease pathology, restore neuronal function, modulate neuroinflammation, enhance neurogenesis, and improve cognitive performance in DS and AD models; these findings suggest the viability of stem cell-based interventions as a disease-modifying strategy. …”
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Method for designing specialized computing systems on the basis of hardware and software cooptimization by I. E. Tarasov, P. N. Sovietov, D. V. Lulyava, N. A. Duksin

“…Based on the analysis, modifications to a 32-bit CORDIC transcendental function computation pipeline were developed. By adding design constraints on the placement of register groups corresponding to the pipeline stages a significant increase in the clock frequency can be achieved as compared to automatic placement to reduce the running time of the tracing algorithms. …”
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