Role of Cathelicidins in Atherosclerosis and Associated Cardiovascular Diseases by Siarhei A. Dabravolski, Nikolay A. Orekhov, Alexey V. Churov, Irina A. Starodubtseva, Dmitry F. Beloyartsev, Tatiana I. Kovyanova, Vasily N. Sukhorukov, Alexander N. Orekhov

“…This review integrates the recent findings about the functional involvement of LL-37/CRAMP across atherosclerosis, acute coronary syndrome, myocardial infarction, heart failure, diabetic cardiomyopathy, and platelet aggregation/thrombosis. …”
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ATF4 participates in perfluorooctane sulfonate-induced neurotoxicity by regulating ferroptosis by Fangling Zhu, Nan Wang, Yichao Xu, Xiaohua Su, Ziliang Deng, Yongdui Ruan, Daifan Lin, Yun Chen, Zhuoni Kuang, Guanlin Chen, Chengcheng Yu, Xiaoxuan Ling, Linhua Liu

“…Evidence from animal and human research suggests that perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), a prevalent persistent organic pollutant (POP), exerts neurotoxic effects, but the precise mechanisms remain unclear. Additionally, the function of activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), a crucial modulator of cellular metabolism, redox balance, and survival, in PFOS-induced neurotoxicity has not been fully elucidated. …”
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Gypensapogenin I alleviates PANoptosis, ferroptosis, and oxidative stress in myocardial ischemic–reperfusion injury by targeting the NOX2/AMPK pathway by Yuqiong Chen, Bo Guan, Jian Lu, Xiaopei Yan, Chao Huang, Yuli Qiu, Xinyan Li, Xiangyu Sun, Lin Chen, Wei Li, Wenjun Mao, Zhongqi Sun, Bin Xu, Su Li, Chao Chen, Chao Chen

“…In addition, the NOX2 activator exacerbated oxidative damage and offset all the beneficial effects of GI on mitochondrial function, PANoptosis, and ferroptosis. Meanwhile, reinforced AMPK phosphorylation by GI or AMPK activator (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide, AICAR) maintained the mitochondrial redox state and biogenesis and suppressed PANoptosis and ferroptosis.ConclusionGI pretreatment protected the cardiomyocytes from MIRI-induced PANoptosis and ferroptosis by maintaining the mitochondrial redox state and biogenesis through the modulation of the NOX2/AMPK signaling pathway. …”
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Modeling Multivariable Associations and Inter-Eddy Interactions: A Dual-Graph Learning Framework for Mesoscale Eddy Trajectory Forecasting by Yanling Du, Bin Zhang, Jian Wang, Zhenli Qian, Wei Song

“…Finally, a decayed volatility loss function is designed to properly handle the complex and variable data features and improve the forecasting performance. …”
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SCNet: Few-shot image classification via self-correlational and cross spatial-correlation attention by Congqing He, Ding Xu, Ke Gong, Fusen Guo, Dapeng Wei

“…Furthermore, we introduce a novel loss function that combines label-based classification loss and metric-based loss, which mitigates overfitting during meta-testing and enhances alignment of query embeddings with category prototypes. …”
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Transferable Contextual Network for Rural Road Extraction from UAV-Based Remote Sensing Images by Jian Wang, Renlong Wang, Yahui Liu, Fei Zhang, Ting Cheng

“…Moreover, we design a new loss function, the Dice-BCE-Lovasz loss (DBL loss), to accelerate convergence and improve segmentation performance in handling imbalanced data. …”
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Discovery of Isobavachin, a Natural Flavonoid, as an Apolipoprotein E4 (ApoE4) Structure Corrector for Alzheimer’s Disease by Sachin P. Patil, Bella R. Kuehn, Christina McCullough, Dean Bates, Hadil Hazim, Mamadou Diallo, Naomie Francois

“…In this study, we investigated naturally occurring bioavailable flavonoids as ApoE4 stabilizers, focusing on their potential to modulate ApoE4 structure and function. A comprehensive investigation of a focused database using our integrated computational and experimental screening protocol led to the identification of Isobavachin as a potential corrector and stabilizer of ApoE4 structure. …”
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Fucoxanthin protects retinal ganglion cells and regulates Parkin-mediated mitophagy in experimental glaucoma by Lifang Zhang, Dandan Wang, Qinkang Lu, Haixia Ma, Xinxin Hu, Juntao Zhang, Wei Lian

“…Under prolonged IOP elevation, it elevated mitophagy-related proteins and restored mitophagy function, contributing to damaged mitochondrial clearance.Conclusion Fucoxanthin exerts neuroprotective effects in experimental glaucoma by modulating Parkin-mediated mitophagy. …”
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The multifaceted impact of physical exercise on FoxO signaling pathways by Wei Liu, Pengjun Meng, Zhi Li, Yifei Shen, Xin Meng, Shen Jin, Mengdi Hu

“…By enhancing FoxO signaling, exercise promotes anabolic processes, mitochondrial function, autophagy, and antioxidant defenses. Understanding the intricate relationship between exercise and FoxO pathways offers insights into developing therapeutic strategies to mitigate disease progression.…”
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MCRFS-Net: single image dehazing based on multi-scale contrastive regularization and frequency selection by Qin Qin, Lin Shui, Yanyan Zhang, Shaojing Song, Jinhua Jiang

“…Additionally, we propose a Multi-Scale Contrast Regularization (MSCR) loss function, which leverages cross-scale contrastive learning to improve feature consistency. …”
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Coordinated interaction between Lon protease and catalase-peroxidase regulates virulence and oxidative stress management during Salmonellosis by Perumalraja Kirthika, Vijayakumar Jawalagatti, Amal Senevirathne, John Hwa Lee

“…The findings reveal a previously unknown function of Lon and KatG interaction in Salmonella virulence. …”
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microRNAs in human brucellosis: A promising therapeutic approach and biomarker for diagnosis and treatment by Sima Kazemi, Rasoul Mirzaei, Mohammad Sholeh, Sajad Karampoor, Fariba Keramat, Massoud Saidijam, Mohammad Yousef Alikhani

“…Many molecular and cellular pathways contribute to brucellosis that microRNAs have a vital function in the immunopathogenesis of this disease. …”
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Lysosomal Stress in Cardiovascular Diseases: Therapeutic Potential of Cardiovascular Drugs and Future Directions by Toshiki Otoda, Ken-ichi Aihara, Tadateru Takayama

“…Therapeutically, several pharmacological agents, such as statins, SGLT2 inhibitors, TRPML1 agonists, resveratrol, curcumin, and ferroptosis modulators (e.g., GLS1 activators and icariin), have demonstrated promise in restoring lysosomal function, enhancing autophagic flux, and reducing inflammatory and oxidative injury in both experimental models and early clinical settings. …”
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Oestrogen Receptor Alpha in Myocyte Maintains Muscle Regeneration in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy by Xiaofei Huang, Sijia Li, Huna Wang, Lei Zhao, Xihua Li, Shusheng Fan, Wanting Hu, Haowei Tong, Guangyao Guo, Dengqiu Xu, Luyong Zhang, Zhenzhou Jiang, Qinwei Yu

“…ABSTRACT Background Oestrogen receptor alpha (ERα) plays an important role in maintaining mitochondrial function and regulating metabolism in skeletal muscle. …”
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Host-Driven Ubiquitination Events in Vector-Transmitted RNA Virus Infections as Options for Broad-Spectrum Therapeutic Intervention Strategies by Sanskruthi Sreepangi, Haseebullah Baha, Lorreta Aboagyewa Opoku, Naomi X. Jones, Maame Konadu, Farhang Alem, Michael D. Barrera, Aarthi Narayanan

“…The ubiquitination of proteins, including host- and pathogen-derived proteins is a highly prominent and consistent post-translational modification that regulates protein function through signaling and degradation. Viral proteins are documented to hijack the host ubiquitination machinery to modulate multiple host processes including antiviral defense mechanisms. …”
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Enzymatic Regulation of the Gut Microbiota: Mechanisms and Implications for Host Health by Zipeng Jiang, Liang Mei, Yuqi Li, Yuguang Guo, Bo Yang, Zhiyi Huang, Yangyuan Li

“…Enzymes serve both traditional nutritional functions, such as the breakdown of complex substrates into absorbable small molecules, and non-nutritional roles, which encompass antibacterial function, immunomodulation, intestinal health maintenance, and stress reduction, among others. …”
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Post-translational modifications of collagen and its related diseases in metabolic pathways by Linghong Guo, Weiyi Xiang, Zhaoping Pan, He Gu, Xian Jiang

“…As the most abundant and essential structural protein in the human body, collagen is ubiquitously present in the interstitium of nearly all solid organs, playing a crucial role in maintaining the structural integrity and functional stability of human tissues and organs. Disorders associated with collagen structure and metabolisms impose a significant burden on society and healthcare systems. …”
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Galectins as Master Regulators of Gastric Cancer Progression by Bojan Stojanovic, Ivan Jovanovic, Milica Dimitrijevic Stojanovic, Bojan Milosevic, Marko Spasic, Bojana S. Stojanovic, Stefan Jakovljevic, Nenad Zornic, Danijela Jovanovic, Jelena Nesic, Milan Paunovic, Ivan Radosavljevic, Nenad Markovic, Mladen Pavlovic, Nikola Mirkovic

“…This review highlights the current understanding of galectin biology in gastric cancer, with emphasis on their structural characteristics, cellular localization, functional diversity, and translational relevance. By synthesizing insights from molecular studies and clinicopathological observations, we explore the potential of galectins as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in the evolving landscape of gastric cancer research.…”
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Protocol for real-time measurement of mitochondrial bioenergetics in 3D-cultured brain tumor stem cells using the Resipher system by Cloé Tessier, Maxime Toujas, Antonio C. Pagano Zottola, Andreas Bikfalvi, Thomas Mathivet, Thomas Daubon, Lucie Brisson, Audrey Burban, Ahmad Sharanek

“…Summary: Aberrant mitochondrial function can lead to severe human diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. …”
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Automatic detection of foreign object intrusion along railway tracks based on MACENet. by Xichun Chen, Yu Tian, Ming Li, Bin Lv, Shuo Zhang, Zixian Qu, Jianqing Wu, Shiya Cheng

“…Meanwhile, to improve localization robustness, the generalized intersection over union (GIoU) loss function is implemented, offering more reliable detection across various object sizes and shapes. …”
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