A Perspective on Software-in-the-Loop and Hardware-in-the-Loop Within Digital Twin Frameworks for Automotive Lighting Systems by George Balan, Philipp Neninger, Enrique Ruiz Zúñiga, Elena Serea, Dorin-Dumitru Lucache, Alexandru Sălceanu

“…The increasing complexity of modern automotive lighting systems requires advanced validation strategies that ensure both functional performance and regulatory compliance. This study presents a structured integration of Software-in-the-Loop (SiL) and Hardware-in-the-Loop (HiL) testing within a digital twin (DT) framework for validating headlamp systems. …”
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Bilayer interface engineering through 2D/3D perovskite and surface dipole for inverted perovskite solar modules by Jiarong Wang, Leyu Bi, Xiaofeng Huang, Qifan Feng, Ming Liu, Mingqian Chen, Yidan An, Wenlin Jiang, Francis R. Lin, Qiang Fu, Alex K.-Y. Jen

“…This study successfully demonstrates a bilayer interface engineering with respective functions, offering valuable insights for producing efficient and stable large-area PSCs.…”
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Effect of Rising Time on AC Stress-Induced Performance Degradation in a-ITGZO Thin-Film Transistors by Mingu Kang, Kyoungah Cho, Sangsig Kim

“…The simulation results further validate the stretched exponential model by illustrating the potential distribution across the dielectric and channel layers as a function of <i>t</i>_r-f and the density of states in the a-ITGZO TFT.…”
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A model for shale gas well production prediction based on improved artificial neural network by LIN Hun, SUN Xinyi, SONG Xixiang, MENG Chun, XIONG Wenxin, HUANG Junhe, LIU Hongbo, LIU Cheng

“…The small batch gradient descent method（MBGD） is adopted as the training function to develop an improved artificial neural network prediction model for shale gas well production. …”
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Kinetic effects of thermal ions on internal kink modes in tokamak plasmas by Jiangyue Han, Yasushi Todo, Hao Wang, Masahiko Sato, Jialei Wang

“…The maximum perturbation of distribution function aligns with resonance regions and near the passing-trapped boundary, indicating outward transport and redistribution of thermal ions. …”
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Measuring Location Dominance Based on Public Service Accessibility: Case Study of Shijiazhuang, China by Yuan Wang, Peipei Pan, Lijie Pu

“…This indicator accumulates access opportunities to public services with a time-weighted decay function at granular level. Our findings reveal that location dominance in Shijiazhuang follows a pronounced core–periphery pattern. …”
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Bank sustainability: Do corporate governance and internal audit quality matter? by Prince Gyimah, Richard Owusu-Afriyie

“…Furthermore, internal audit quality, assessed through audit experience, internal audit presence, and audit function size, emerges as a critical determinant of sustainability outcomes. …”
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Medical Rehabilitation Program for Knee Osteoarthritis: A Narrative Review by Refa Rahmaddiansyah, Riri Prima Yolanda, Rini Agustin

“…The treatment selection depends on severity and the number of affected joints, aiming to control pain, improve joint function, ease physical limitations, and hinder disease progression and complications. …”
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Private Data Protection with Machine Unlearning in Contrastive Learning Networks by Kongyang Chen, Zixin Wang, Bing Mi

“…A comprehensive loss function is designed, encompassing three objectives: preserving model accuracy, constraining gradients to make forgotten and third-party data indistinguishable, and reducing model confidence on the third-party dataset. …”
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Human preferences for cognitive and emotional capabilities in robots across different application domains by Hilda Nääs, Sam Thellman, Tom Ziemke

“…Qualitative analysis revealed a common desire for robots to function objectively and logically, without emotions, while still showing empathy toward human mental states. …”
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Biomechanical optimization and reinforcement learning provide insight into transition from ankle to hip strategy in human postural control by Seongwoong Hong, Sukyung Park

“…The control objective function featured a novel CoP constraint penalty, complemented by terms for upright posture recovery and control effort minimization. …”
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New Insights on the Glyphosate-Degrading Enzymes C-P Lyase and Glyphosate Oxidoreductase Based on Bioinformatics by Marina Giannakara, Vassiliki Lila Koumandou

“…The conserved residues in each enzyme were identified via multiple alignments and mapped onto the 3D structures of the enzymes, using PyMOL, leading to novel insights into their function. …”
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A monitoring network SIMNet for weld penetration status based on multimodal fusion by Qi Jiang, Yiming Wang, Yan Kong, Yu Liu, Ce Ma

“…Meanwhile, a cosine similarity loss function is introduced to align the features of the two modalities in the semantic space before fusion. …”
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Role of physical activity in enhancing physical quality of life for stroke prevention by Satmyrza Mamikov, Zhanseri Ikram

“…Discussion: the findings aligned with existing literature indicating that structured physical activity reduces stroke risk and enhances physical well-being. the results also confirmed that these benefits are partly explained by improvements in cardiovascular function. …”
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Max-min fuzzy bi-level programming: resource sharing system with application by Lei Zhang

“…The terminals exchange information on various educational facets, encompassing variations and expenditures per share data, within the framework of a programming-type fuzzy objective function, constrained by the parameters of an educational information system. …”
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Design and test of a waveguide filter for reflected electromagnetic waves by C. Fransoo, M. Nishiura, S. Kubo

“…A semi-analytical model is developed using diffraction theory to calculate the transmitted power of the HE11 mode as a function of filter gap distance for a wide range of beam angles, including a perfectly aligned beam to approximate the forward gyrotron beam. …”
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Decomposed Linear Dynamical Systems (dLDS) models reveal instantaneous, context-dependent dynamic connectivity in C. elegans by Eva Yezerets, Noga Mudrik, Adam S. Charles

“…Furthermore, modulatory effects can change the relationship between neurons as a function of behavioral or other conditions, meaning that the changes in activity (the derivative) may be as important as the activity itself. …”
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Orthodontic Management of a Rare Incidence Bilateral Maxillary Canine-First Premolar Transposition Using Fixed Appliance by Samer Mereani, Amjad Alotaibi, Ahmed Bokhari

“…The early diagnosis plays a significant role as much as considering esthetics and function factors in deciding which treatment strategy should be followed. …”
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The three-point energy correlator in the coplanar limit by Anjie Gao, Tong-Zhi Yang, Xiaoyuan Zhang

“…Abstract Energy correlators are a type of observables that measure how energy is distributed across multiple detectors as a function of the angles between pairs of detectors. …”
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Investigation of the mechanical frequency response of ovine renal tissue at low frequencies by Faezeh Azimi Pirsoltan, Mohammad Reza Karafi

“…A vibration test was conducted using a shaker to investigate the Frequency Response Function (FRF) of the kidney over the studied frequency range. …”
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