The Effect of Aromatherapy on Pain and Anxiety Levels Before Breast Biopsy: A Randomized Controlled Trial by Ezgi Hancı, Yasemin Uslu, Erkin Arıbal

“…The patients’ anxiety and pain levels were assessed before and after the biopsy procedure using the state anxiety inventory and visual analogue scale, respectively. Results: Study population was 135 patients, equally divided between lavender, lavender-peppermint or control groups (each n = 45). …”
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Management and safety of same day bilateral intravitreal anti-VEGF injections in a treat-and-extend regimen by Christina Plasencia, Jonas Eschle, Katja Hatz

“…Treatment coordination followed one of four strategies: Equal TER, Coordinated TER, Mixed TER and pro re nata (PRN), and Asynchronous TER. …”
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Minimally Invasive Discectomy and Decompression for Lumbar Spine using Tubular Retractor System: Technique, Learning Curve and Outcomes by V A Kumar, Ramanadha Reddy, Vamsi Krishna Yerramneni, Swapnil Kolpakawar, K.S. Vishwa Kumar, Patlolla Pratyusha

“…Results Thirty-two patients who underwent MITDS and 8 patients who underwent MITD were compared with an equal number of patients who underwent open microdiscectomy and open decompression, respectively. …”
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Mobility challenges for women: A case study of bus rapid transit Peshawar by Altaf Ayaz, Hamza Saleem, Muhammad Usama Bin Ayyub, Abdul Qadeer

“…Addressing these challenges is crucial for promoting gender equality and unlocking women's potential for growth. …”
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Comparative analysis of continuous pericapsular nerve group block and supra-inguinal fascia iliaca compartment block for postoperative analgesia in total hip arthroplasty: a random... by Onur Baran, Ayhan Şahin, Cavidan Arar

“…Standardized ultrasound-guided techniques were used with equal volumes of local anesthetic. Pain scores were assessed postoperatively using the Visual Analog Scale. …”
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Risk Factors for Hip Fracture among Elderly Adults in Erbil City A Case-Control Study by Dara Abdulla Al-Banna

“…The study participants included elderly with more than and equal to 60 years old, both genders, conscious, with hip fractured (50 for case group) and without hip fracture (50 for control group). …”
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Pain Intensity and Pain Catastrophizing Among Patients with Chronic Pain: The Mediating Effect of Self-Efficacy by Li J, Cui Y, Jia Q, Ouyang A, Hua Y

“…Jiayao Li,1,* Yi Cui,1,* Qiong Jia,2,* Anping Ouyang,3,* Yan Hua1 1Department of Nursing, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an City, Shaanxi Province, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an City, Shaanxi Province, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an City, Shaanxi Province, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Yan Hua, Department of Nursing, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China, Email huayan1112@126.comAim: This study aimed to explore the mediating role of sense of self-efficacy in the relationship between pain intensity and pain catastrophizing among chronic pain patients.Methods: A questionnaire survey was administered to patients with chronic pain at the pain intervention departments of three tertiary hospitals in Shaanxi Province between July 2023 and July 2024. …”
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Non-absorbable surgical sutures versus autologous tendons in the reconstruction of medial patellofemoral ligaments: a randomised controlled trial protocol by Xu Liu, Gaoming Liu, Yusheng Li, Wenhao Lu, Linyuan Pan, Hongfu Jin, Wenfeng Xiao

“…Participants were randomly allocated to either the experimental or the control group using a random number table method, with an equal number of 15 subjects in each group. …”
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Comparative Efficacy of Quadratus Lumborum Muscle Energy Technique with Gluteus Medius Strengthening Versus Gluteus Medius Strengthening Alone in Sacroiliac Joint Dysfunction: A Ra... by Rabail Rani Soomro, Hossein Karimi, Syed Amir Gilani

“…Gluteus medius exercises, along with conventional treatment, are routinely given to patients with sacroiliac joint dysfunction; however, the aim of this study is to explore the additional effects of the muscle energy technique (MET) on the quadratus lumborum along with strengthening of the gluteus medius on pain, disability and quality of life of patients with sacroiliac joint dysfunction. Methods: Using a computer-generated random number table, seventy patients with unilateral sacroiliac joint pain were divided equally and randomly into two groups. …”
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Efficacy of Topical Azithromycin versus Systemic Doxycycline in Treatment of Meibomian Gland Dysfunction by Marwa Aly Zaky, Adel Galal Zaky, Moataz Fayez Elsawy, Kareem Fatehy Shehata, Mohamed Samy Abd Elaziz

“…Inadequate or unstable tear film is the main cause, which leads to visual impairments. One of the primary causes of OSD is meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD), with a prevalence of 3.5 to 70%. …”
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Comparison of Outcomes of Classical Lichtenstein and Modified Lichtenstein in Patients with Indirect Inguinal Hernia by Ghulam Fatima Komal Memon, Shahid Hussain Mirani, Sadia Saher Memon, Dharmoon Arija, Halar Habibullah, Meena Sadaf

“…Postoperative pain scores, assessed using the visual analogue scale, were consistently significantly lower in the modified group across all time points (p-value <0.001). …”
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Intravitreal Ranibizumab versus Razumab in treatment naïve diabetic macular edema by Dhandapani A, Ravindran S, Muthusamy K, Muruganandham K, Kaliamurty S

“…This study provides a prospective real-world comparison of innovator ranibizumab and Razumab® in treatment-naïve DME patients, addressing the current gap in comparative data. Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted involving 60 treatment-naïve DME patients, equally divided into two groups: Ranibizumab and Razumab®. …”
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First Experience in Small Incision Lenticule Extraction with the Femto LDV Z8 and Lenticule Evaluation Using Scanning Electron Microscopy by Mengmeng Wang, Fengju Zhang, Christine Carole Copruz, Longhui Han

“…To evaluate the specifications and technique properties of the new Femto LDV Z8 in creating intrastromal refractive lenticules during small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE). Methods. Six enucleated porcine eyeballs were equally divided into two groups (Femto LDV Z8 or VisuMax) and were randomly assigned to three experienced refractive surgeons who performed SMILE on each group. …”
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The Effect of 8 Weeks of Selected TRX Exercises on Pain Intensity and Static and Dynamic Balance of Non-Athlete Girls with Non-specific Chronic Back Pain by Samira Gholizade, Hoda Mozayani, Amirhosein Barati, Ataalah Barati

“…To measure the amount of pain, the analogical visual analog scale of pain (VAS) and static and dynamic balance were used by Biodex switching device. …”
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Which Kind of Prognosis is Better in the Treatment of Cervical and Lumbar Disc Herniation with Coblation Nucleoplasty? by Zhang R, Chen S, Han L, Xu B, Guo Y, Wang L

“…Rongyi Zhang,1,&ast; Shi Chen,2,&ast; Liuhu Han,1,3 Bingbing Xu,1 Yuyu Guo,1 Likui Wang1 1Department of Pain Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of AnHui Medical University, HeFei, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Pain Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, ShenZhen, People’s Republic of China; 3Anhui Medical University, HeFei, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Likui Wang, Department of Pain Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of AnHui Medical University, Shushan District, Hefei City, Anhui Province, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 13705690702, Email wlk9560@163.comIntroduction: Coblation nucleoplasty is a minimally invasive procedure developed for the treatment of symptomatic disc herniation.Methods: We evaluated 118 cases of cervical and lumbar intervertebral discs treated with coblation nucleoplasty. …”
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Clinical and functional evaluation of patients with acute low back pain and radiculopathy treated with different energy doses of low level laser therapy by Jovičić Milica, Konstantinović Ljubica, Lazović Milica, Jovičić Vladimir

“…Three different energy doses of LLLT were equally effective in alleviating lumbar and leg pain without side effects, but the dose of 4 J per point seemed to be more effective in improving the activities of daily living and lumbar mobility.…”
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Association of depression with sleep quality might be greater than that of pain intensity among outpatients with chronic low back pain by Wang H, Fu T, Hsu S, Hung C

“…Two psychometric scales were used to evaluate depression and anxiety. The Visual Analog Scale was employed to assess pain intensity. …”
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Long-term results of elbow synovectomy and debridement in rheumatoid arthritis by Anastasia Aleksandrovna Roskidailo, S A Makarov, V N Amirdzhanova

“…In the late postoperative period, pain in the affected elbow was reduced by almost twice: according to the visual analogue scale it was 73.8 and 40.6 mm preoperatively and postoperatively, respectively (p≤0.01). …”
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Evaluation of pain intensity and airway changes in non-growing patients treated by MARPE with and without micro-osteoperforation: a randomized clinical trial by Moataz Elshehaby, Nehal Fouad Albelasy, Mohamed A. Elbialy, Ahmad Mohammed Hafez, Yasser Lotfy Abdelnaby

“…Objectives To assess the effect of mini-screw assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) with/without micro-osteoperforation (MOP) on the airway and pain intensity in non-growing patients with maxillary transverse deficiency. Method Two equal groups of twenty-four individuals aged ≥ 19 years old with maxillary transverse deficit were randomly assigned. …”
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Data Insights on the Risks of Local Heat and Massage in Gouty Arthritis Treatment by Shivam Mehra, Kamal Mehra, Nindiya Kapoor Mehra, Sachin Yashwant Kale, Bharat Veer Manchanda

“…This study aims to compare the effects of hot fomentation versus cold fomentation in patients experiencing acute gout flares, assessing pain reduction, swelling, joint mobility, and overall patient satisfaction. Materials and Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted with 2,400 patients diagnosed with acute gouty arthritis, divided into two equal groups: Group A received hot fomentation (38°C–42°C) and Group B received cold fomentation (5°C–10°C). …”
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