Assessment of glaucoma severity and deterioration by using Spaeth/Richman contrast sensitivity (SPARCS) and its correlation with retinal nerve fiber layer thickness and perimetry by Shihail Jinna, Kavita R Bhatnagar, Kirti Jaisingh, Jyoti Shakrawal, Seema Meena, Nikhil Agarwal

“…Results: Total SPARCS showed a significant positive correlation with visual field index, pattern standard deviation, mean deviation, OCT RNFL, and a negative correlation with best corrected visual acuity. …”
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Ocular Manifestations of Perinatal HIV Infection in Kenyan Children on HAART: A Cross-Sectional Comparative Study by Alisi L, Armentano M, Visioli G, Mingaine MS, Albanese GM, Lucchino L, Bruscolini A

“…Comprehensive ophthalmological examinations included visual acuity, stereopsis, ocular motility assessment, tear film tests (BUT, Schirmer, Oxford staining), corneal esthesiometry, and an ocular allergy questionnaire. …”
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A randomized double-blind active-controlled clinical trial on the efficacy of topical basil (Ocimum basilicum) oil in knee osteoarthritis by Alireza Askari, Fatemeh Sadat Hasheminasab, Fatemeh Sadat Hasheminasab, Omid Sadeghpour, Mohammad Mehdi Naghizadehd, Seyed Ali Ravansalar, Aida Iraji, Mohammad Hashem Hashempur

“…BackgroundBasil is a widely used herb in Persian medicine and is gaining recognition as a functional food worldwide.Aim of the studyThis trial aimed to assess the effectiveness of a traditional formulation of basil oil in comparison with diclofenac gel in treating knee osteoarthritis, considering its established anti-inflammatory, anti-nociceptive, and anti-oxidative properties.Materials and methodsOne hundred eligible patients were equally randomized to the traditional basil oil (containing sesame oil) and diclofenac gel groups. …”
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Descemet Endothelial Thickness Comparison Trial 1 (DETECT 1): outcome masked, placebo-controlled trial comparing two types of corneal transplant surgeries and effect of rho kinase... by Thomas M Lietman, Jennifer Rose-Nussbaumer, Bennie H Jeng, Benjamin F Arnold, Winston Chamberlain, Charles C Lin, Jennifer Y Li, William Gensheimer, Jameson Clover, Nicole Varnado, Sarah Abdelrahman

“…Primary outcomes include the best spectacle-corrected visual acuity at 12 months and ECL at 12 months. Secondary outcomes include visual acuity at different time points, vision-related quality of life, endothelial cell morphology and cost-effectiveness.Results The study outcomes will be analysed using mixed effects linear regression models, taking into account the treatment arms and relevant covariates. …”
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Factors associated with James Cook University medical students experiencing ‘high quality’ clinical learning on final-year rural placement by Brooke Mackie, Torres Woolley, Aaron Hollins, Leanne Hall

“…As positive rural placement experiences are known to enhance interest in a rural career and generalist medicine, this study explores key factors contributing to JCU medical students having a 'high quality' rural clinical learning experience during their final-year rural placement. Methods: This sequential, explanatory mixed-methods study included four focus groups (n=17) and a one-on-one interview followed by a cross-sectional survey (n=71; response rate=45%) of final-year JCU medical students in 2023. …”
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Two‐period linear mixed effects models to analyze clinical trials with run‐in data when the primary outcome is continuous: Applications to Alzheimer's disease by Guoqiao Wang, Andrew J. Aschenbrenner, Yan Li, Eric McDade, Lei Liu, Tammie L.S. Benzinger, Randall J. Bateman, John C. Morris, Jason J. Hassenstab, Chengjie Xiong

“…However, it has not been established how best to incorporate run‐in data into the primary analysis of the trial. Methods We proposed two‐period (run‐in period and randomization period) linear mixed effects models to simultaneously model the run‐in data and the postrandomization data. …”
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Astaxanthin ameliorates benzalkonium chloride–induced dry eye disease through suppressing inflammation and oxidative stress via Keap1‐Nrf2/HO‐1 signaling pathways by Ziyu Liu, Yaqiong Li, Jiayu Bao, Siyuan Li, Ya Wen, Peng Zhang, Jun Feng, Yinghui Wang, Lei Tian, Ying Jie

“…Abstract Background Dry eye disease (DED) predominantly results from elevated tear film osmolarity, which can not only cause ocular inconvenience but may lead to visual impairments, severely compromising patient well‐being and exerting substantial economic burdens as well. …”
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Correlation of optic nerve hemoglobin levels with structural and functional parameters in glaucoma by Gustavo Coelho Caiado, Gustavo Albrecht Samico, Gilvan Vilarinho da Silva Filho, Sergio Henrique Teixeira, Tiago Santos Prata, Carolina Pelegrini Barbosa Gracitelli, Augusto Paranhos

“…This study underscores the importance of vascular factors in glaucoma and supports the use of ONH Hb evaluation as a complementary approach to traditional diagnostic methods.…”
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The Impact of a 10% Tax Rate and Redistribution on Resource Concentration in Networks by Sarah Leutner, Illia Terpylo, Detlef Groth

“…Objectives This study investigates the effects of a 10% tax rate and redistribution on inequality and resource stability within two network models: the ‘Winner-Loser Model’ which intensifies hierarchies through competitive interactions, and the ‘Null Model’, simulating equal opportunity exchanges. Sample and Methods We used Monte Carlo simulations with agents starting at equal resource levels, interacting under the rules of each model. …”
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Deep Learning Approaches for Continuous Sign Language Recognition: A Comprehensive Review by Asma Khan, Seyong Jin, Geon-Hee Lee, Gul E. Arzu, L. Minh Dang, Tan N. Nguyen, Woong Choi, Hyeonjoon Moon

“…Sign language uses hand gestures as a visual mode of communication, along with body actions and facial expressions. …”
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Development of a Smartphone App for Women Living With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Qualitative Study by Catherine Knight-Agarwal, Mary Bushell, Mary-Ellen Hooper, Natasha JoJo, Marjorie Atchan, Alison Shield, Angela Douglas, Abu Saleh, Masoud Mohammadian, Irfan Khan, Cheuk Chan, Nico Rovira Iturrieta, Emily Murphy, Tanishta Arza, Deborah Davis

“…The same qualitative methods outlined in phase 2 were used. …”
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Leveraging pre-trained models within a semi-supervised and explainable AI RealTime framework: A pioneering paradigm for betel leaf disease detection by Md Tahsin, Maksura Binte Rabbani Nuha, Sumaiya Akter, Al Hossain, Mohammad Rifat Ahmmad Rashid, Raiha Ul Islam, Mohammad Shahadat Hossain

“…Furthermore, to enable effective feature extraction and facilitate real-time decision-making in practical applications, the experiment has integrated a pre-trained model, DenseNet-201, with XAI methods such as Smooth Grad, Vanilla Saliency, GradCAM++, and Faster ScoreCAM that help to visualize the affected lesions. …”
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GERD-associated laryngeal granuloma: a series of clinical observations. Case report by Svetlana V. Starostina, Olga V. Tashchyan, Marina G. Mnatsakanyan, Konstantin A. Nazarov, Liana S. Karapetyan, Polina A. Loskutova, Irina V. Kuprina

“…Diagnosis of laryngopharyngeal reflux includes analysis of the patient's life history, registration of complaints using questionnaires, assessment of the clinical and functional state of the larynx using visual analog scales of reflux signs, the use of instrumental methods and laboratory tests. …”
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Multimodal ultrasound radiomics containing microflow images for the prediction of central lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid carcinoma by Jiangyuan Ben, Jiangyuan Ben, Qiying Yv, Pengfei Zhu, Junhao Ren, Pu Zhou, Guifang Chen, Ying He, Ying He

“…Finally, the optimal model was interpreted and visualized via Shapley additive explanation (SHAP).ResultsIn each modality, 1561 features were extracted from the ultrasound images. …”
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Metabolomics and proteomics analyses reveal the role of the glycerophospholipid metabolism pathway in unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion by Yihong Chen, Xiumei Zhao, Bei Gan, Leiyi Jin, Juanbing Wei, Jianying Yan

“…Incomprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanism in URSA also leads to a lack of effective treatment methods. Hence, the current study aimed to explore the underlying pathogenesis of URSA applying metabonomic and bioinformatics analysis. …”
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Competency self-assessment for a learning-based autonomous aircraft system by Nicholas Conlon, Aastha Acharya, Jamison McGinley, Trevor Slack, Camron A. Hirst, Marissa D’Alonzo, Mitchell R. Hebert, Christopher Reale, Eric W. Frew, Rebecca Russell, Nisar R. Ahmed

“…A central challenge to this new paradigm of non-co-located mission supervision is developing systems which have explainable and trustworthy autonomy and internal decision-making processes.MethodsCompetency self-assessments are methods that use introspection to quantify and communicate important information pertaining to autonomous system capabilities and limitations to human supervisors. …”
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The externalization of internal experiences in psychotherapy through generative artificial intelligence: a theoretical, clinical, and ethical analysis by Yuval Haber, Dorit Hadar Shoval, Inbar Levkovich, Dror Yinon, Karny Gigi, Oori Pen, Tal Angert, Zohar Elyoseph, Zohar Elyoseph

“…This study aimed to examine the clinical, ethical, and theoretical implications of integrating GenAI into the therapeutic space through a proof-of-concept (POC) of AI-driven externalization techniques, while emphasizing the essential role of the human therapist.MethodsTo this end, we developed two customized GPTs agents: VIVI (visual externalization), which uses DALL-E 3 to create images reflecting patients' internal experiences (e.g., depression or hope), and DIVI (dialogic role-play-based externalization), which simulates conversations with aspects of patients' internal content. …”
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Explainable AI in medical imaging: an interpretable and collaborative federated learning model for brain tumor classification by Qurat-ul-ain Mastoi, Shahid Latif, Sarfraz Brohi, Jawad Ahmad, Abdulmajeed Alqhatani, Mohammed S. Alshehri, Alanoud Al Mazroa, Rahmat Ullah

“…This study proposes a collaborative federated learning model (CFLM) with explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) to mitigate existing problems using state-of-the-art methods.MethodsThe proposed method addresses four class classification problems to identify glioma, meningioma, no tumor, and pituitary tumors. …”
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Artificial Intelligence in Detecting Periodontal Disease From Intraoral Photographs: A Systematic Review by Kaijing Mao, Khaing Myat Thu, Kuo Feng Hung, Ollie Yiru Yu, Richard Tai-Chiu Hsung, Walter Yu-Hang Lam

“…Ten studies used clinical examinations as reference methods, while 16 used visual examinations. Eight studies involved multiple experts in dataset annotation. …”
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Inspiring Social Capital Through Community Green Space: Pathways and Implications by Lin YE, Shi HE, Yinghao LI, Zhaohui YAN, Lei HUANG

“…Under China’s precision governance paradigm emphasizing data-driven policymaking, this research systematically investigates the operational mechanisms through which community green spaces inspire social capital, incorporating both grassroots practices and institutional innovations, based on which evidence-based optimization strategies for urban renewal practices are proposed.MethodsThis research combines visual mapping analysis based on CitieSpace software with a number of inductive and deductive review methods. …”
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