Enhancing TB case detection: experience in offering upfront Xpert MTB/RIF testing to pediatric presumptive TB and DR TB cases for early rapid diagnosis of drug sensitive and drug r... by Neeraj Raizada, Kuldeep Singh Sachdeva, Sreenivas Achuthan Nair, Shubhangi Kulsange, Radhey Shayam Gupta, Rahul Thakur, Malik Parmar, Christen Gray, Ranjani Ramachandran, Bhavin Vadera, Shobha Ekka, Shikha Dhawan, Ameet Babre, Mayank Ghedia, Umesh Alavadi, Puneet Dewan, Mini Khetrapal, Ashwini Khanna, Catharina Boehme, Chinnambedu Nainarappan Paramsivan

“…Upfront Xpert MTB/RIF testing of presumptive PTB and presumptive DR-TB cases resulted in diagnosis of 79 and 12 rifampicin resistance cases, respectively. Positive predictive value (PPV) for rifampicin resistance detection was high (98%, CI 90.1-99.9), with no statistically significant variation with respect to past history of treatment.…”
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Diagnosis of parotid gland tumors using a ternary classification model based on ultrasound radiomics by Xiaoling Liu, Weihan Xiao, Chen Yang, Zhihua Wang, Dong Tian, Gang Wang, Xiachuan Qin

“…Two-step LASSO-BNB and voting ensemble learning modeling algorithm with recursive feature elimination feature selection method (RFE-Voting) models were then applied for classification. …”
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Evaluating Ecological Vulnerability and Its Driving Mechanisms in the Dongting Lake Region from a Multi-Method Integrated Perspective: Based on Geodetector and Explainable Machine... by Fuchao Li, Tian Nan, Huang Zhang, Kun Luo, Kui Xiang, Yi Peng

“…Furthermore, the LightGBM algorithm was used for feature optimization, followed by the construction of six machine learning models—Multilayer Perceptron (MLP), Extremely Randomized Trees (ET), Decision Tree (DT), Random Forest (RF), LightGBM, and K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN)—to conduct multi-class classification of ecological vulnerability. …”
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MAS-PD: Transferable Adversarial Attack Against Vision-Transformers-Based SAR Image Classification Task by Boshi Zheng, Jiabin Liu, Yunjie Li, Yan Li, Zhen Qin

“…The experiment results demonstrate that our algorithm significantly enhances transferability between ViTs and from ViTs to CNNs in SAR image classification tasks.…”
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Machine learning analysis of thermo-bioconvection in a micropolar hybrid nanofluid-filled square cavity with oxytactic microorganisms by Ahlawat Anil, Chaudhary Shilpa, Karuppusamy Loganathan, Mohammed Salman Arafath, Kandasamy Thirumalaisamy, Thameem Basha Hayath

“…In addition, a machine learning approach was employed to accurately predict fluid transport properties using a multilayer artificial neural network structured with a feed-forward backpropagation model and optimized using the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm. …”
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MRI-based habitat analysis of vascular and nerve invasion in the tumor microenvironment: an advanced approach for prostate cancer diagnosis by Bo Guan, Cong Huang, Yalei Wang, Jialong Zhang, Xiaowei Li, Zongyao Hao, Zongyao Hao

“…Finally, we assessed the performance of these features using the DeLong test (through the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, AUC), evaluated the calibration curve with the Hosmer-Lemeshow test, and performed decision curve analysis.ResultsIn the training set, the optimal algorithm based on the intratumoral heterogeneity score had an AUC value of 0.882 (CI: 0.843-0.921); in the test set, the AUC value was 0.860 (CI: 0.792-0.928). …”
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Association of PIV value with early mortality in ICU patients with sepsis-associated acute kidney injury from the MIMIC IV database by Heping Xu, Xinyi Cai, Huan Niu, Xiongwei Cai, Ping He, Yanhong Ouyang

“…This study was a retrospective analysis of SA-AKI patients from the MIMIC-IV database. The Boruta algorithm was used to identify key features predicting short-term mortality in SA-AKI patients. …”
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New interpretation technique for tracer well tests by K. M. Fedorov, A. P. Shevelev, A. Y. Gilmanov, A. A. Izotov, A. V. Kobyashev

“…However, practical application of these tests showed that the tracer penetrates into the production well much faster than predicted from estimates of the reservoir properties.Aim. …”
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Mind the leaf anatomy while taking ground truth with portable chlorophyll meters by Zuzana Lhotáková, Eva Neuwirthová, Markéta Potůčková, Lucie Červená, Lena Hunt, Lucie Kupková, Petr Lukeš, Petya Campbell, Jana Albrechtová

“…For grasses, the model to predict chlorophyll content across multiple species had low performance with CCM-300 (R2 = 0.45, nRMSE = 11%) and failed for SPAD. …”
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Identifikasi Dini Curah Hujan Berpotensi Banjir Menggunakan Algoritma Long Short-Term Memory (Lstm) Dan Isolation Forest by Ahmad Wijayanto, Aris Sugiharto, Rukun Santoso

“…The Isolation Forest algorithm is then used to automatically identify rainfall with flood potential. …”
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Continuous and funnel-gate configurations of a permeable reactive barrier for reclamation of groundwater laden with tetracycline: experimental and simulation approaches by Ayad A.H. Faisal, Layla Abdulkareem Mokif, Waqed H. Hassan, Radhi AlZubaidi, Saeed Al Marri, Khalid Hashim, Mohammad Amir Khan, Osamah J. Al-sareji

“…An artificial neural network (ANN) using the Levenberg-Marquardt back-propagation (LMA) training algorithm is constructed to compare the effectiveness of Tetracycline removal from aqueous solution using the sorption technique with prepared adsorbent. …”
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A Machine Learning-Based Guide for Repeated Laboratory Testing in Pediatric Emergency Departments by Adi Shuchami, Teddy Lazebnik, Shai Ashkenazi, Avner Herman Cohen, Yael Reichenberg, Vered Shkalim Zemer

“…The minimal decision tree (MDT) algorithm was selected for its interpretability and capacity to generate optimally pruned classification trees. …”
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A Prospective Study to Evaluate the SPY-QP Software for Intraoperative Perfusion Assessment in Breast Reconstruction by Hani I. Naga, MD, Jennifer Gallagher, BS, Joshua K. Kim, BS, Jenny Foster, BS, Yisong Geng, PhD, MBA, Nicholas C. Oleck, MD, Brett T. Phillips, MD, MBA

“…Conversely, it remains challenging to predict necrosis in gray zones.…”
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Isolating Coefficient-Based Framework to Recognize Influential Nodes in Complex Networks by Buran Basha Mohammad, V. Sateeshkrishna Dhuli, Murali Krishna Enduri, Linga Reddy Cenkeramaddi

“…The simulation outcomes indicate that one of the proposed methods ISCR, utilizing a lower-complexity algorithm, effectively identifies the most influential nodes with high accuracy. …”
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DCMC-UNet: A Novel Segmentation Model for Carbon Traces in Oil-Immersed Transformers Improved with Dynamic Feature Fusion and Adaptive Illumination Enhancement by Hongxin Ji, Jiaqi Li, Zhennan Shi, Zijian Tang, Xinghua Liu, Peilin Han

“…An edge-aware decoder (EAD) was integrated into the decoder, which extracts edge details from predicted segmentation maps and fuses them with encoded features to enrich edge features. …”
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Studying Alzheimer’s disease through an integrative serum metabolomic and lipoproteomic approach by Alessia Vignoli, Giovanni Bellomo, Federico Paolini Paoletti, Claudio Luchinat, Leonardo Tenori, Lucilla Parnetti

“…The great variability in disease evolution and the incomplete understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying AD make it difficult to predict when a patient will convert from prodromal stage to dementia. …”
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A framework for flood risk zoning and prioritization combining maximum entropy and game theory by Ali Haghizadeh, Reza Fathiganji, Ehsan Sohrabi, Aghdas Lotfi, Leila Ghasemi

“…Variable selection was performed using the Random Forest algorithm, resulting in the identification of nine key factors influencing flood occurrence. …”
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Mapping and discrimination of the mineralization potential in the Bonako area (Central Cameroon Domain): Insights from Landsat 9 OLI data, GIS fuzzy modeling techniques and field o... by Nguimezap Marie Madeleine, Fozing Eric Martial, Safianou Ousmanou, Achu Megnemo Ludovic, Sobze Yemdji Robinson Belmien, Sawadogo Sâga

“…In addition, image processing methods such as band ratios (BR) and selective principal component analysis (Crosta-PCA) were applied to target and delineate hydrothermally altered and corresponding minerals and the spectral angle mapper (SAM) classification algorithm was used to classify the discriminated lithological units within the study area. …”
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Using AlphaFold-Multimer to study novel protein-protein interactions of predation essential hypothetical proteins in Bdellovibrio by Ibukun John Abulude, Isabel Cristina Rodríguez Luna, Alejandro Sánchez Varela, Andrew Camilli, Daniel E. Kadouri, Xianwu Guo

“…By applying Markov Cluster Algorithm and AlphaFold-Multimer to analyze the protein network and interaction partners of the AP-PEPs, we predicted high-confidence protein-protein interactions and two structurally similar but unique novel protein complexes formed among proteins of the Bd2209-Bd2212 and Bd2723-Bd2726 operons. …”
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Aerial image segmentation of embankment dams based on multispectral remote sensing: a case study in the Belo Monte Hydroelectric Complex, Pará, Brazil by Carlos André de Mattos Teixeira, Thabatta Moreira Alves de Araujo, Evelin Cardoso, Marcos Antonio Costantin Filho, João Weyl Costa, Carlos Renato Lisboa Frances

“…Post-processing techniques were applied to refine the predicted masks, enhancing the mean IoU to 93.2% and 91.9%, respectively. …”
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